Adverbial clauses and adverbial concord

This paper speculates that the merge site of an adverbial clause, i.e. its external syntax, is determined by its derivational history, i.e. its internal syntax. Starting from the distinction between central adverbial clauses and peripheral adverbial clauses, it is first shown that the degree of integration of an adverbial clause correlates with its internal syntax, i.e. the availability of left peripheral functional material. The correlation can be informally stated as follows "the more structure is manifested in the adverbial clause, the higher it is merged". This paper develops a derivational account for this correlation. The proposal adopts the movement derivation of adverbial clauses, according to which, like relative clauses, adverbial clauses are derived by movement of a specialized IP-related operator (aspectual, temporal, modal, etc) to the left periphery. The paper explores observations drawn from the traditional literature on Japanese grammar (Minami 1974; Noda 1989; 2002) to the effect that the amount of TP-internal functional structure in an adverbial clause also correlates with the presence of specialized functional particles in the matrix clause with which the clause merges. Specifically, we explore Japanese data discussed in Endo (2011; 2012). It is proposed that the merger of an adverbial clause with the associated main clause is determined by the label of the adverbial clause, itself the result of the movement derivation

The symmetric syntax of Japanese complex verbs and Slavic prefixes

We report on a robust symmetry between the Polish and the Japanese sequence of syntactic projections in what superficially looks like different domains, namely verbal prefixes (Polish) and multiple verbs (Japanese). This paralellism strongly supports the thesis about the finegrained sequence of positions in syntax, namely that there exists the functional sequence of syntactic heads (fseq) which is invariantly ordered by UG (see e.g. Cinque (1999)) and the surface differences among particular langauges in the order of elements that instantiate this fseq result solely from movement (not from the variation in fseq itself)

On Implicit Arguments in Derived Nominals

0. Introduction This paper is an attempt to explore the possibility of solving some problems bearing on English derived nominals by extending Jaeggli\u27s (1986) idea on implicit arguments in passives to derived nominals. ..

The de Haas-van Alphen effect in Kondo systems with crystalline electric field

The effective mass probed by the de Haas-van Alphen oscillations is studied for a model Ce system under magnetic field higher than the Kondo energy. In the mean-field theory, the mass enhancement per Ce ion in the periodic system is identical with that in the dilute system. With decreasing magnetic field, the effective mass tends to diverge corresponding to a formation of the Kondo ground state. The effective mass can be very different between up and down spins depending on the nature of the 4f wave functions.Comment: 2 pages, 1 figure, ICM2006 proceeding

Histological development of stapes footplate in human embryos.

Normal development of the human stapes footplate was investigated in serial sections by light microscopy. Materials were obtained from 35 Japanese embryos from the 6th to 32nd week of embryonal age. Eighteen embryos up to 16 weeks of age (3.5mm to 105mm in crown-rump length) were examined, focusing particularly on the lamina stapedialis of the otic capsule. The present study showed that primordial formation of the lamina stapedialis appeared in 16mm embryo and that the lamina was completely formed and fused to the base of the annular stapes in a 35mm embryo. In a 50mm embryo, the adult form of stapes was found with a rim and annular ligament. The results, therefore, seemed to essentially agree with the theory of dual origin and development of the footplate proposed by Cauldwell and Anson, and teratogenic agents might affect any stage of the process producing anomalies,</p

Development of an antitumor adenosine analog, 3\u27-ethynyladenosin

Division of Molecular Viology and Oncolog

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論文Research Pape

臨床効果を的確に予測する抗腫瘍性ヌクレオシドの薬剤感受性規定因子

我々は、代謝拮抗抗癌剤の中でもヌクレオシド系核酸代謝拮抗剤のテーラーメード治療および抗腫瘍効果の増大や副作用の軽減を目指した新たな治療法の開発に資することを目的に、我々が開発中の抗腫瘍性ヌクレオシド、CNDACおよび肺癌・膵癌の治療薬であるゲムシタビン(dFdC)の臨床効果を的確に予測できる感受性規定因子の解明研究を企画した。平成18年度は、昨年度検討した臨床肺癌組織19検体に加え、肺癌(30検体)、胃癌(30検体)、大腸癌(28検体)、膀胱癌(12検体)等、148検体における核酸代謝酵素[デオキシシチジンキナーゼ(dCK)、シチジンデアミナーゼ(CDA)およびリボヌクレオチドリダクターゼ(RR)]ならびにヌクレオシドトランスポーター(ENT1)のタンパク発現を解析した。また、臨床肺がん組織におけるCNDACおよびdFdCに対する薬剤感受性をコラーゲンゲルマトリクス(CGM)法により解析し、タンパク発現量との比較解析を行った。その結果、dCKとENT1タンパクはほぼ全ての検体で発現が認められ、RRM1の発現は約9割弱に認められた。一方、CDA発現は約3割に認められ、それらの中には明らかに強発現を示す検体があった。肺癌40症例における薬剤感受性とタンパク発現量との関連性を統計学的に解析した結果、ENT1発現と感受性には関連性は見られなかったが、CDA発現はdFdC感受性と有意に相関すること、RRM1発現量あるいはdCKに対するRRM1の発現量比(dCK/RRM1比)はCNDACおよびdFdC感受性と強く関連することが明らかになり、有用な感受性予測マーカーとなる可能性が示された。Antitumor 2\u27-deoxycytidine analogues such as gemcitabine (dFdC) and 2\u27-C-cyano-2\u27-deoxy-1-β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (CNADC) are enzymatically activated by intracellular deoxycytidine kinase (dCK), while cytidine deaminase (CDA) inactivates them by converting each into its uracil form. Triphosphates of dFdC and CNDAC effectively induce cell-cycle arrest and cell death by inhibiting DNA polymerases. The diphosphate of dFdC also inhibits ribonucleotide reductase (RR). In order to elucidate the determinants of chemosensitivity to dFdC and CNDAC, we examined the protein expression levels of equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1 (ENT1), dCK, CDA, and the RRM1 subunit in 40 clinical specimens of lung cancer using specific antibodies. The chemosensitivity of the clinical specimens was determined using the collagen gel matrix assay. The dFdC sensitivity of the clinical specimens was found to be significantly correlated with the protein levels of CDA and the RRM1 subunit. Interestingly, the protein level of the RRM1 subunit was also correlated with CNDAC sensitivity. The ratios of dCK/RRM1 and dCK/CDA were associated with chemosensitivity to both analogues. These results indicate that the protein expression levels of CDA, dCK, and RRM1 are useful markers to predict chemosensitivity to dFdC and CNDAC.研究課題/領域番号:17590118, 研究期間(年度):2005–2006出典：「臨床効果を的確に予測する抗腫瘍性ヌクレオシドの薬剤感受性規定因子」研究成果報告書　課題番号17590118 (KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）)　　　本文データは著者版報告書より作