La identidad de Senegalia saltilloensis (Fabaceae)

Background and Aims: The mimosoid genera Senegalia and Acacia are closely related. Acacia sensu lato is a polyphyletic group that can be split in the following genera: Vachellia, Senegalia, Acaciella and Mariosousa, remaining as Acacia (sensu stricto) only the “Australian species” and some others from the Pacific Islands. The American species of Senegalia and the new genus Mariosousa include the elements of Acacia subgenus Aculeiferum. We agree with this criterion. Senegalia saltilloensis was described by Britton & Rose in 1928, followed by synonymization with S. roemeriana, and was later re-evaluated as a valid species, creating a new nomenclatural combination in the genus Acacia. The aim of this study was to know the identity of the poorly known plants named as Senegalia saltilloensis.Methods: A morphometric analysis was carried out. A total of 70 specimens were examined and 21 characters were evaluated to find the similarity between Senegalia saltilloensis and Senegalia roemeriana.Key results: The results show no significant morphological difference between the two entities.Conclusions: The name Senegalia saltilloensis should be maintained as synonym of the well- known name of Senegalia roemeriana.Antecedentes y Objetivos: Senegalia y Acacia son dos géneros de mimosoideas estrechamente relacionados. Acacia sensu lato es un grupo polifilético que puede ser dividido en los siguientes géneros: Vachellia, Senegalia, Acaciella y Mariosousa, quedando sólo como Acacia(sensu stricto) “las especies australianas” y algunas de las Islas del Pacífico. Las especies americanas de Senegalia y las del nuevo género Mariosousa incluyen elementos de Acacia subgénero Aculeiferum y otras combinaciones nuevas. Estamos de acuerdo con este criterio.Senegalia saltilloensis fue descrita por Britton & Rose en 1928, luego incluida en la sinonimia de S. roemeriana y más tarde considerada como especie válida, creándose una combinación nomenclatural nueva para el género Acacia. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la identidad de las plantas con el nombre poco conocido de Senegalia saltilloensis.Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un análisis morfométrico de 70 especímenes, con la evaluación de 21 caracteres para encontrar la similitud entre Senegalia saltilloensis y Senegalia roemeriana.Resultados clave: Los resultados no muestran diferencias morfológicas significativas entre las dos entidades.Conclusiones: El nombre Senegalia saltilloensis debe mantenerse como parte de la sinonimia del nombre bien conocido de Senegalia roemeriana

Two taxonomic rank changes in Pseudognaphalium (Gnaphalieae, Asteraceae) of Mexico

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Pseudognaphalium es un género de la tribu Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae) segregado de Gnaphalium. Desde su separación en 1950, ha habido una serie de transferencias que cubren todos los taxones mexicanos. McVaugh describe Gnaphalium vulcanicum var. monticola y, posteriormente, Espinosa-García G. oxyphyllum var. nataliae. Ambos nombres han tenido cambios nomenclaturales y, junto con las variedades típicas, se han mantenido como categorías infraespecíficas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar si existe soporte para reconocer como especies a cuatro variedades de Pseudognaphalium: P. liebmannii var. liebmannii, P. liebmannii var. monticola, P. oxyphyllum var. oxyphyllum y P. oxyphyllum var. nataliae. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis morfométrico de 77 muestras y la evaluación de 20 caracteres para encontrar la similitud entre cuatro categorías infraespecíficas: Pseudognaphalium liebmannii var. liebmannii, P. liebmannii var. monticola, P. oxyphyllum var. oxyphyllum y P. oxyphyllum var. nataliae. Resultados clave: El uso de análisis multivariados mostró que se pueden diferenciar objetivamente las cuatro variedades estudiadas. Éstas forman grupos aislados sin sobreposición entre sus elementos. Pseudognaphalium oxyphyllum var. nataliae está más cercano a P. oxyphyllum var. oxyphyllum y a su vez P. liebmannii var. monticola muestra mayor proximidad con P. oxyphyllum var. nataliae que con P. liebmanii var. liebmanii. Conclusiones: Como consecuencia de la separación de las categorías infraespecíficas estudiadas mediante el análisis de similitud se proponen como nuevas jerarquías taxonómicas a nivel de especie a Pseudognaphalium monticola y P. nataliae.Background and Aims: Pseudognaphalium is a genus of the tribe Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae) segregated from Gnaphalium. Since its segregation in 1950, there has been a series of transferences that cover all the Mexican taxa. McVaugh describes Gnaphalium vulcanicum var. monticola and later, Espinosa-García describes G. oxyphyllum var. nataliae. Both names have had nomenclatural changes and, together with the typical varieties, have been kept as infraspecific categories. The purpose of this work was to test if there is support for the recognition as species for each of the four varieties of Pseudognaphalium: P. liebmannii var. liebmannii, P. liebmannii var. monticola, P. oxyphyllum var. oxyphyllum and P. oxyphyllum var. nataliae. Methods: A morphometric analysis was carried out based on the examination of 77 samples and the evaluation of 20 characters, to find the similarity between four infraspecific categories: Pseudognaphalium liebmanii var. liebmannii, P. liebmannii var. monticola, P. oxyphyllum var. oxyphyllum and P. oxyphyllum var. nataliae. Key results: With the use of a multivariate analysis the four studied varieties were objectively differentiated. Each one is an isolated group without overlap among them. Pseudognaphalium oxyphyllum var. nataliae is close to P. oxyphyllum var. oxyphyllum, and P. liebmannii var. monticola appears nearer to P. oxyphyllum var. nataliae than to P. liebmanii var. liebmanii. Conclusions: As a result of the similarity analysis, the separation of the studied varieties allows us to propose Pseudognaphalium monticola and P. nataliae as new taxonomic hierarchies at the species rank

Functional and cellular characterization of human Retinoic Acid Induced 1 (RAI1) mutations associated with Smith-Magenis Syndrome

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Smith-Magenis Syndrome is a contiguous gene syndrome in which the dosage sensitive gene has been identified: the Retinoic Acid Induced 1 (<it>RAI1</it>). Little is known about the function of human RAI1.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We generated the full-length cDNA of the wild type protein and five mutated forms: <it>RAI1-HA </it>2687delC, <it>RAI1-HA </it>3103delC, <it>RAI1 </it>R960X, <it>RAI1-HA </it>Q1562R, and <it>RAI1-HA </it>S1808N. Four of them have been previously associated with SMS clinical phenotype. Molecular weight, subcellular localization and transcription factor activity of the wild type and mutant forms were studied by western blot, immunofluorescence and luciferase assays respectively. The wild type protein and the two missense mutations presented a higher molecular weight than expected, localized to the nucleus and activated transcription of a reporter gene. The frameshift mutations generated a truncated polypeptide with transcription factor activity but abnormal subcellular localization, and the same was true for the 1-960aa N-terminal half of RAI1. Two different C-terminal halves of the RAI1 protein (1038aa-end and 1229aa-end) were able to localize into the nucleus but had no transactivation activity.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results indicate that transcription factor activity and subcellular localization signals reside in two separate domains of the protein and both are essential for the correct functionality of RAI1. The pathogenic outcome of some of the mutated forms can be explained by the dissociation of these two domains.</p

Fire response of the endangered Pinus culminicola stands after 18 years in Cerro El Potosí, northeast Mexico

Abstract Aim of the study: To analyze the impact of the 1998 wildfire on dwarf pine (Pinus culminicola) population stands 18 years after the fire. Area of study: Cerro el Potosí, Nuevo León (México). Material and methods: We measured regeneration, biovolume of individuals, diversity and species composition in unburned and burned plots randomly selected in the area. Main results: Recovery was very slow, with limited dense natural regeneration and very slow growth. Significant differences between control and burned plots were found with respect to regeneration, species composition, evenness and soil nutrients, suggesting that fire could promote natural regeneration and biodiversity in these communities. Research highlights: Management efforts are necessary to maintain a natural fire regime and ensure grazing exclusion in order to favor the conservation of the community dominated by this rare species P. culminicola. Additional keywords: fire ecology; DCA; Permanova; richness. Abbreviations used: CIC (Cationic Interchange Complex); DCA (Detrended Correspondence Analysis); EC (Exchangeable Cation); OM (Organic Matter). Authors´ contributions: Conceived, designed and performed the experiments: JRA, EE and HGR. Analyzed the data: JRA, JAV, JRE and YM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JAV, JRE, YM, IC and JU. Wrote the paper: JRA, JAE and EE. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Citation: Arévalo, J. R.; Estrada, E.; Encina, J. A.; Villarreal, J. A.; Escobedo, J. R.; Morales, Y.; Cantú, I.; González-Rodríguez, H.; Uvalle, J. (2017). Fire response of the endangered Pinus culminicola stands after 18 years in Cerro El Potosí, northeast Mexico. Forest Systems, Volume 26, Issue 3, e015. https://doi.org/10.5424/fs/2017263-11566 Received: 20 Apr 2017. Accepted: 21 Nov 2017. Copyright © 2017 INIA. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-by) Spain 3.0 License. Funding: Program of cooperation Universidad de La Laguna-Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, included in the official frame agreement of these institutions; Facultad de Ciencias Forestales of the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; University of La Laguna (Research Program) covered the travel expenses of JRA. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Correspondence should be addressed to José R. Arévalo: [email protected]

Fertility in Cebú × brown Swiss cows treated with prostaglandins, progesterone and eCG

Objective: To evaluate the application of 1 or 2 doses of prostaglandin F2? (PGF2?), the use of progestogen on different days of the estrous cycle, and the use of eCG in estrus and fertility synchronization of Zebu × Brown Swiss cows. Design / Methodology / Approach: The study was based on three protocols. Protocol 1 consisted of two treatments: PGI) 26 cows were injected with a single dose of 25 mg PGF2?, and 10 cows with two doses of 25 mg PGF2? with a 14 day interval. Protocol 2 consisted of two treatments: NG14) 11 cows were implanted with 3 mg Norgestomet on day 7 of the estrous cycle, and NG7) 11 animals received the same dose on day 14. In protocol 3, all the cows were implanted with 3 mg Norgestomet for 9 days, 48 h before removing the implant, 25 mg PGF2? was applied. Once the implant was removed, the cows were distributed into two treatments. Norgestomet (n=11) without eCG and Norgestomet + eCG (500 IU) (n=11). &nbsp;&nbsp; Results: The application of PGF2? on two occasions had no influence (p&gt; 0.05) on the percentages of estrus or pregnancies. NG7 achieved estrus synchronization in 81.8% of the cows between 24 and 36 h, compared with 45.4% of NG14; however, the pregnancy rate was lower (p&lt;0.05). The application of eCG synchronized 90.9% estrus between 24 and 36 h, compared with 36.4% in the group where no eCG was applied. Study limitations / implications: The use of transrectal ultrasound is required to evaluate the ovarian structures present at the time of initiating an estrus synchronization protocol. Findings / conclusions: Cows that present corpus luteum do not require more than one injection of PGF2?, the percentage of pregnancy increases when Norgestomet is implanted on day 14 of the estrous cycle, in addition the application of eCG increases the percentage of synchronization of heat of the 24 to 36 h after withdrawal of progestogenObjective: To evaluate the application of one or two doses of prostaglandin F2?(PGF2?), the application of a progestogen on different days of the estrous cycle and theusage of eCG in the estrus synchronization and fertility of Zebu × Brown Swiss cows.Design / methodology / approach: The study was based on three protocols. The firstconsisted of two treatments: PGI) 26 cows were injected with a single 25 mg dose ofPGF2? and 10 cows with two 25 mg doses of PGF2? at a 14-day interval. Protocol 2consisted of two treatments: NG14) 11 cows were implanted with 3 mg of Norgestometon day 7 of their estrous cycle and NG7) 11 animals received the same dose on day 14.In protocol 3 all cows were implanted with 3 mg of Norgestomet for 9 days, 48 h beforeremoving the implant, 25 mg of PGF2? was applied. Once the implants were removed,they were distributed into two treatments. Norgestomet (n = 11) without eCG andNorgestomet + eCG (500 IU) (n = 11). Results: The application of PGF2? at two times had no influence (p &amp;gt; 0.05) in theestrous percentages and conception. The NG7 achieved estrous synchronization in 81.8% of the cows, in between 24 and 36 h, compared to 45.4 % of the NG14; however, theconception rate was lower (p ? 0.05). The eCG application synchronized 90.9 % ofestrous between 24 and 36 h, compared with 36.4 % of the group with no eCGapplication.Study limitations / implications: Transrectal ultrasounds are required to assess theovarian structures present at the time of the estrus onset in a synchronization protocol.Findings / conclusions: Cows that present corpus luteum do not require more thanone injection of PGF2?, the pregnancy percentage increases when Norgestomet isimplanted on day 14 of the estrous cycle, in addition the application of eCG increasesthe synchronization percentage of the heat between 24 to 36 h after the progestogenwithdrawal

Year-long evaluation of total soluble proteins in the trunk of two pine species from northeastern Mexico

Objective: To quantify the one-year total soluble protein (TSP) concentration in the trunk of two pine species. Design/Methodology/Approach: The Bradford method (1976) was used to determine the TSP concentration in the two pine species. Statistical tests were subsequently performed with the IBM SPSS 18 Software, using a general linear model (GLM) univariate analysis. Results: The TSP concentration was different for each month. The highest concentration was recorded in August (6.84 mg gMS-1 for Pinus pinceana Gordon and 6.82 mg gMS-1 for Pinus cembroides Zucc), and the lowest was registered in April (5.53 mg gMS-1 for Pinus cembroides Zucc) and February (6.64 mg gMS-1 for Pinus pincenana Gordon). Study Limitations/implications: There is a lack of information regarding these two pine species and scarce studies explain the behavior of the TSP. Conclusions: The concentration of total soluble proteins varies in each month of the year. Further studies that include more plant organs are required to obtain a broader protein profile for both species

Dry matter distribution of banderita grass [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.] at different plant strata

Objective: To evaluate the dry matter distribution of banderita grass [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.] in different plant strata. Design/Methodology/Approach: A randomized block experimental design with five repetitions was used for the experiment. Each repetition consisted of three plants which were evaluated at different days after sowing (DAS), in three different plant strata: basal stratum (BS), middle stratum (MS), and upper or apical stratum (AS). The following variables were evaluated: dry matter yield (DMY), morphological composition (MC), leaf area (LA), plant height (PH), leaf:stem ratio (L:SR), and aerial part:root ratio (Ap:rR). An analysis of variance was performed, using the PROC GLM procedure of the SAS software; in addition, a comparison of means was carried out using Tukey’s test (α&lt;0.05). Results: SB made a greater contribution to DMY at 50 DAS, with a 16 g DMY plant-1 average, followed by MS, with 9 g DM plant-1, and AS with 3 g plant-1. The MC (g) in the BS registered that the stem made a greater contribution than the rest of the components (average: 12.3 g plant-1), while leaves from the MS and AS made the greatest contribution (2.6 g plant-1) up to 64 DAS. However, they were surpassed by the stem in the MS and by the inflorescence in the AS. In addition, BS registered the highest LA (173.4 cm2). The largest PH was recorded at 120 DAS (96 cm). The highest L:SR ratio reached 1.10 at 50 DAS, while Ap:rR recorded 3.82 at 92 DAS. Study Limitations/Implications: The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions. Therefore, any extrapolation or comparison with field conditions should be done with caution. Findings/Conclusions: The basal and middle part of a banderita grass (Bouteloua curtipendula) plant contains the highest forage accumulation (mainly in the leaves and the stem), while the highest biomass content in the apical part is produced by the inflorescence

Diversidad florística de la región noreste de México, estados de Coahuila, Nuevo León y Tamaulipas

Antecedentes: El noreste de México, estados de Coahuila, Nuevo León y Tamaulipas, constituye una región heterogénea que incluye sierras, planicies continentales y llanuras costeras con una infinidad de ambientes, substratos geológicos y gradientes altitudinales que favorecen la presencia de una rica biodiversidad. No existe una síntesis que documente la diversidad florística de esta región. Preguntas: ¿Cuál es la magnitud de la diversidad de plantas vasculares en el noreste de México?, ¿Cuáles son las familias y géneros con mayor número de especies?, ¿Cómo se distribuye geográficamente esta riqueza florística en toda la región y cuáles son sus elementos más característicos? Especies de estudio: 7,088 especies de plantas vasculares. Sitio de muestreo: estados de Coahuila, Nuevo León y Tamaulipas. Métodos: Se consultó literatura florística-taxonómica sobre la flora de la región y bases de datos de ejemplares para hacer un análisis espacial de la biodiversidad usando celdas de 1° de longitud y latitud. Se calculó la riqueza y el endemismo en la región, los estados y las celdas. Resultados: Para el noreste de México se reportan 7,088 especies de plantas vasculares, de las cuales 1,767 son endémicas de México. Conclusiones: El noreste de México registra una diversidad florística particularmente interesante y compleja, debido a que su territorio se ubica primordialmente fuera del neotrópico y porque constituye el límite boreal para muchos elementos de la flora de México

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

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Plantas vasculares endémicas de Coahuila y algunas áreas adyacentes, México

A review is made of the endemic plants following the Megacoahuila concept, that increases the state area for more than 100%. The region has climatic and physiographic variation that leads to the development of at least 13 main vegetation types, the desert shrubland being the dominant one. A total of 350 species and infraspecific taxa are listed, representing 11.2% of the total flora. The desert shrubland (matorrales micrófilo y rosetófilo) is the vegetation with the highest endemism and the Cuatro Cienegas basin the richest locality. The areas with highest endemism are suggested to be considered biotic reserves.Se revisa la distribución de especies de plantas endémicas tomando como base el concepto de Megacoahuila, que amplía la superficie del estado en más de 100%. La región ofrece variación climática y fisiográfica que da lugar a la presencia de al menos 13 tipos de vegetación de los que el matorral desértico es el dominante. Se presenta un listado de 350 especies y taxa infraespecíficos. Esta cifra representa 11.2% del total de la flora. Los tipos de vegetación con mayor incidencia de elementos con distribución restringida son los matorrales micrófilo y rosetófilo y la localidad con el mayor número es Cuatro Ciénegas. Se sugiere la creación de reservas bióticas en las áreas particularmente ricas en endemismos