Functional immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern after fourth COVID-19 vaccine dose or infection in patients with blood cancer

Summary Patients with blood cancer continue to have a greater risk of inadequate immune responses following three COVID-19 vaccine doses and risk of severe COVID-19 disease. In the context of the CAPTURE study (NCT03226886) we report immune responses in 80 patients with blood cancer who received a fourth dose of BNT162b2. We measured neutralising antibody titres (NAbT) using a live virus microneutralization assay against wild-type (WT), Delta, Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 and T cell responses against WT and Omicron BA.1 using an activation-induced marker (AIM) assay. The proportion of patients with detectable NAb titres and T cell responses after the fourth vaccine dose increases compared to those after the third vaccine dose. Patients who received B cell-depleting therapies within 12 months before vaccination have the greatest risk of not having detectable NAbT. In addition, we report immune responses in 57 patients with breakthrough infections after vaccination

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ii DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this educational endeavor to my parents, James and Owassa Berry, who instilled in me a passion for learning and for allowing me to be creative. Although the desire to learn was not apparent in an academic setting of traditional brick and mortar buildings for the better part of my high school years, it didn’t take long for the passion to return of its own volition. Mom, thank you for being my best friend and mentor, for supporting me emotionally and spiritually for my entire life, especially through the past ten years while I worked non-stop to earn three degrees. My father was not here in person to cheer me on, but his presence was with me as he smiled down from heaven. Working hard for what I know and feel is right is a valuable lesson that you both instilled in me. Thank you and I love you. I would like to thank my family and friends for putting up with me while I worked 12-14 hours a day at my computer. Thank you to my husband, Cisco who loved, supported, and encouraged me and especially for trying to act interested while I read sections of my dissertation to him. Christopher and Lyric, my two favorite guys, than

ii DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTEGRATED MODEL AND MEASURE OF THE MORAL DIMENSIONS

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS As with any major undertaking, this dissertation could not have been completed without a tremendous amount of support. First, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor and chair, Dr. Diane Montgomery. From the time that I decided to pursue doctoral studies full-time, she served as a continuous source of encouragement and support. Through her efforts and example, I have witnessed first-hand what it truly means to be a scholar. I was also fortunate to be supported by a committee of wonderful individuals who had my best interest at heart. My outside committee member, Dr. Dale Fuqua, engaged in countless hours of conversation to help me narrow the direction of this study. I am fortunate to consider him both a mentor and a friend. Drs. Steve Harrist, Kay Bull, and Al Carlozzi provided insightful suggestions and numerous resources to promote my success. Each of these individuals will serve as exemplars throughout my career. In addition to the support from the faculty in the College of Education, including many who I have not named here, I have been privileged to work with capable fellow graduate students. Jerilyn Thorman has continuously challenged me to do my best

Post-glacial regional climate variability along the East Antarctic coastal margin - evidence from shallow marine and coastal terrestrial records

We review the post-glacial climate variability along the East Antarctic coastline using terrestrial and shallow marine geological records and compare these reconstructions with data from elsewhere. Nearly all East Antarctic records show a near-synchronous Early Holocene climate optimum (11.5-9 ka BP), coinciding with the deglaciation of currently ice-free regions and the optimum recorded in Antarctic ice and marine sediment cores. Shallow marine and coastal terrestrial climate anomalies appear to be out of phase after the Early Holocene warm period, and show complex regional patterns, but an overall trend of cooling in the terrestrial records. A Mid to Late Holocene warm period is present in many East Antarctic lake and shallow coastal marine records. Although there are some differences in the regional timing of this warm period, it typically occurs somewhere between 4.7 and 1 ka BP, which overlaps with a similar optimum found in Antarctic Peninsula terrestrial records. The differences in the timing of these sometimes abrupt warm events in different records and regions points to a number of mechanisms that we have yet to identify. Nearly all records show a neoglacial cooling from 2 ka BP onwards. There is no evidence along the East Antarctic coastline for an equivalent to the Northern Hemisphere Medieval Warm Period and there is only weak circumstantial evidence in a few places for a cool event crudely equivalent in time to the Northern Hemisphere's Little Ice Age. There is a need for well-dated, high resolution climate records in coastal East Antarctica and particularly in Terre Adelie, Dronning Maud Land and Enderby Land to fully understand the regional climate anomalies, the disparity between marine and terrestrial records, and to determine the significance of the heterogeneous temperature trends being measured in the Antarctic today