Spin-echo and diffusion-weighted MRI in differentiation between progressive massive fibrosis and lung cancer

PURPOSEWe aimed to investigate the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based parameters in differentiating between progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) and lung cancer.METHODSThis retrospective study included 60 male patients (mean age, 67.0±9.0 years) with a history of more than 10 years working in underground coal mines who underwent 1.5 T MRI of thorax due to a lung nodule/mass suspicious for lung cancer on computed tomography. Thirty patients had PMF, and the remaining ones had lung cancer diagnosed histopathologically. The sequences were as follows: coronal single-shot turbo spin echo (SSH-TSE), axial T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo (SE), balanced turbo field echo, T1-weighted high-resolution isotropic volume excitation, free-breathing and respiratory triggered diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). The patients’ demographics, lesion sizes, and MRI‐derived parameters were compared between the patients with PMF and lung cancer.RESULTSApparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of DWI and respiratory triggered DWI, signal intensities on T1-weighted SE, T2-weighted SE, and SSH-TSE imaging were found to be significantly different between the groups (p < 0.001, for all comparisons). Median ADC values of free-breathing DWI in patients with PMF and cancer were 1.25 (0.93–2.60) and 0.76 (0.53–1.00) (× 10-3 mm2/s), respectively. Most PMF lesions were predominantly iso- or hypointense on T1-weighted SE, T2-weighted SE, and SSH-TSE, while most malignant ones predominantly showed high signal intensity on these sequences.CONCLUSIONMRI study including SE imaging, specially T1-weighted SE imaging and ADC values of DWI can help to distinguish PMF from lung cancer

Online Sensor Bias Estimation & Calibration by Kalman Filtering with Adaptive Lyapunov Redesign Method

Faulty measurements bring faulty controls and the major part of those are the bias in sensor readings. In this paper, the theory of adaptive and online calibration of a sensor with another measurement model is demonstrated by using Lyapunov redesign approach in Kalman filtering framework. In the measurement update step of Kalman filter, the effect of measurement bias is considered as a parametric uncertainty term and it is proven that it can be regressed by a universal approximator and can be eliminated from measurement update step while preserving the asymptotic stability of the estimator. Then, the convergence criteria for online parameter adaptation are obtained. Finally, a case study for estimation-based roll control of a missile is conducted and the results of online calibration is discussed

Constrained discrete-time optimal control of uncertain systems with adaptive Lyapunov redesign

© 2021 Turkiye Klinikleri. All rights reserved.In this paper, the conventional estimation-based receding horizon control paradigm is enhanced by using functional approximation, the adaptive modifications on state estimation and convex projection notion from optimization theory. The mathematical formalism of parameter adaptation and uncertainty estimation procedure are based on the redesign of optimal state estimation in discrete-time. By using Lyapunov stability theory, it is shown that the online approximation of uncertainties acting on both physical system and state estimator can be obtained. Moreover, the convergence criteria for online parameter adaptation with fully matched and partially matched cases are presented and shown. In addition, it is shown that the uniform boundedness of tracking and adaptation errors can be maintained by projection-based parameter update laws in discrete-time with adequate sampling times. Finally, the proposed method is implemented to quadrotor case study and the gradual recovery of feasible sub-optimal solutions are presented despite actuation, modeling and measurement errors. By using the proposed method, the uncertainty estimates are successfully converged to their prescribed values and both state prediction and command tracking of model predictive controller are corrected within the convergence bounds

Otonom Quadrotor Sürüleri için Orantısal Navigasyon Tabanlı Merkezi Olmayan Toplu Hareket Algoritması

Bu bildiride orantısal navigasyon yaklaşımlarının yeni bir yöntem olarak otonom ve merkezi olmayan multikopter robotların kontrolüne nasıl uygulanabileceği anlatılmaktadır. Burada merkezi olmayan ile kastedilen her bir sürü bireyinin yakınındaki diğer bireylerden edindiği bilgi doğrultusunda bağımsız olarak hareket edebilmesidir. Çalışmada iki farklı iletişim prosedürü kullanılmış olup bunlar eşler arası etkileşim ve odaklanmış etkileşim olarak tanımlanmıştır. Eşler arası etkileşimde her birey en yakınındakine güdümlenirken odaklanmış etkileşimde ise yayını alan diğer bireylerin ortalama konumuna güdümlenmiştir. Buna ek olarak basit bir itme-çekme modeli kullanılarak da bireylerin çarpışma ve saçılma durumları önlenmiştir. Yaklaşım çeşitli sayıda üyelerden oluşan sürü grupları ve sinyal-gürültü oranları altında üyeleri bir araya toplayıp hizalayarak, toplu şekilde hareketi ve bir arada kalmayı başarılı bir şekilde sağlamıştır.In this paper we will describe the adaptation of the well-known proportional navigation methods as a novel way to control a decentralized and autonomous swarm of flying robots. By decentralized we mean that each individuals navigate themselves according to the information they receive from other robots in their vicinity. We have used two different communication procedures; the peer to peer method where individuals receive information only from the closest member and focused communication where the information from all the members in a specified radius in the vicinity of each individual is processed. In addition, by using a simple attraction-repulsion model the collision and scattering of members are prevented. The algorithm is tested against different swarm sizes and noise to signal ratios and performs successfully in both aggregation and flocking by gathering individuals together and aligning them towards the same destinatio

Inhomogeneous Quantum Invariance Group of Multi-Dimensional Multi-parameter Deformed Boson Algebra

We investigate the inhomogeneous invariance quantum group of the d-dimensional d-parameter deformed boson algebra. It is found that the homogeneous part of this quantum group is given by the d-parameter deformed general linear group. We construct the R-matrix which collects all information about the non-commuting structure of the quantum group for the two-dimensional case

Effect of model calibration on seismic behaviour of a historical mosque

The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of model calibration on seismic behaviour of a historical mosque which is one of the most significant Ottomon structures. Seismic analyses of calibrated and noncalibrated numeric models were carried out by using acceleration records of Kocaeli earthquake in 1999. In numerical analysis, existing crack zones on real structure was investigated in detail. As a result of analyses, maximum stresses and displacements of calibrated and noncalibrated numerical models were compared each other. Consequently, seismic behaviour and damage state of historical masonry Hafsa Sultan mosque was determined as more realistic in the event of a severe earthquake

The Use of Poster Projects as a Motivational and Learning Tool in Managerial Accounting Courses

Posterprojectsareanalternativemethodofmotivation,learning,andinformationdisseminationineducation.Themainpurposeofthisinitialstudywastodeterminetheeffectofposterprojectson the motivational and learning process of managerial accounting students. In addition, theauthors aimed to compare the opinions of managerial accounting students regarding traditionalterm papers and poster projects. A poster project that culminated in a professional-style postersession was assigned. Students completed a group project producing a poster describingthe production process of a manufacturing company and determining the most appropriatecosting system for that company with underlying reasons. Two questionnaires were conductedafter each assignment in order to measure the effect of the poster project on the motivationand learning of the managerial accounting students. This pilot study is the first to exploreperceptions of poster projects as a motivational and learning tool in managerial accountingcourses in the world

Evaluation of nutritional status in children with amblyopia

ABSTRACT Purpose: We aimed to compare the body mass index and vitamin and mineral status of children with and without amblyopia. Methods: Amblyopic children aged between 5 and 18 years (n=46) and age-matched control children (n=32) were evaluated in terms of anthropometric parameters, including height, weight, body mass index and demographic features. Serum vitamin B12 and folate were measured using an Advia Centaur XP (Siemens, Ireland) biochemistry analyzer. We evaluated the inorganic mineral elements from hair samples with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry using a Thermo XSeries 2 analyzer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bremen, Germany). Results: No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of height, weight, and body mass index or serum B12 and folate concentrations (p>0.05). Children with severe amblyopia had lower vitamin B12 and folate and higher body mass index. The levels of phosphorus (p=0.012), selenium (p=0.002), molybdenum (p<0.001), iodine (p=0.002), chromium (p=0.022), boron (p<0.001), and beryllium (p=0.005) were all significantly lower in the amblyopia group compared to the control group. All of these minerals, except phosphorus, were also significantly lower in those with severe amblyopia compared to those with milder amblyopia and controls (p<0.05). Conclusion: Amblyopic children are significantly deficient in some inorganic elements. Inorganic elements, vitamin B12, and folate may play an important role in the visual development of amblyopic children