Sum-frequency generation of 589 nm light with near-unit efficiency

We report on a laser source at 589 nm based on sum-frequency generation of two infrared laser at 1064 nm and 1319 nm. Output power as high as 800 mW are achieved starting from 370 mW at 1319 nm and 770 mW at 1064 nm, corresponding to converting roughly 90% of the 1319 nm photons entering the cavity. The power and frequency stability of this source are ideally suited for cooling and trapping of sodium atoms

Tumor stiffening reversion through collagen crosslinking inhibition improves T cell migration and anti-PD-1 treatment

Only a fraction of cancer patients benefits from immune checkpoint inhibitors. This may be partly due to the dense extracellular matrix (ECM) that forms a barrier for T cells. Comparing five preclinical mouse tumor models with heterogeneous tumor microenvironments, we aimed to relate the rate of tumor stiffening with the remodeling of ECM architecture and to determine how these features affect intratumoral T cell migration. An ECM-targeted strategy, based on the inhibition of lysyl oxidase, was used. In vivo stiffness measurements were found to be strongly correlated with tumor growth and ECM crosslinking but negatively correlated with T cell migration. Interfering with collagen stabilization reduces ECM content and tumor stiffness leading to improved T cell migration and increased efficacy of anti-PD-1 blockade. This study highlights the rationale of mechanical characterizations in solid tumors to understand resistance to immunotherapy and of combining treatment strategies targeting the ECM with anti-PD-1 therapy

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

Condensat de Bose-Einstein de sodium dans un piège mésoscopique

In this Thesis, we report on the theoretical background as well as the building and the first results of a novel experiment which was started along with this work. We demonstrate the production of a Bose-Einstein condensate of sodium confined in a tightly focused optical trap. We present original results on the ground state and the excitations of a condensate confined in a gaussian trap with a single bound state, and show how to use interactions between spin states to form highly correlated quantum states. We detail the optimization of the conversion efficiency of a sum frequency generation process in a doubly resonant optical cavity. This leads to the building of a solid-state laser for the cooling of sodium. Out of two commercially available infrared lasers, we produce up to 800 mW at 589 nm, with near-unit conversion efficiency. This yellow laser is used to form a magneto-optical trap (MOT) of sodium. It is loaded efficiently using light-induced atomic desorption, while the background pressure in the vacuum chamber drops back down in less than 100 ms afterwards. The transfer of the atoms from the MOT to a crossed dipole trap is studied and optimized. The conception and use of a high numerical aperture microscope objective is detailed, allowing for the formation of a tightly focused dipole trap, in which the condensate is obtained after an evaporative cooling phase. This phase is characterized and compared to a numerical simulation.Dans ce mémoire, nous présentons les fondements, la construction et les premiers résultats d'une nouvelle expérience qui a débuté avec ce travail de thèse. Nous démontrons la production d'un condensat de Bose-Einstein de sodium confiné dans un piège optique fortement focalisé. Nous exposons des résultats originaux sur l'état fondamental et les excitations d'un condensat dans un piège gaussien avec un unique état lié, et nous montrons comment tirer parti des interactions entre états de spin pour la génération d'états quantiques fortement corrélés. L'optimisation de l'efficacité de la somme de fréquence en cavité doublement résonnante est ensuite étudiée et mise à profit pour la réalisation d'un laser solide pour le refroidissement du sodium. A partir de deux sources laser infrarouges commerciales, jusqu'à 800 mW de lumière à 589 nm sont produits, avec une efficacité de conversion quasi-totale. Ce laser est employé pour former un piège magnéto-optique, chargé grâce à la désorption atomique induite par la lumière. Après le chargement, la pression dans l'enceinte à vide redescend à sa valeur de base en moins de 100 ms. L'optimisation du transfert des atomes dans un piège dipolaire croisé est présentée. La conception et l'utilisation d'un objectif de microscope de grande ouverture numérique sont exposées, permettant la réalisation d'un piège dipolaire fortement focalisé, dans lequel le condensat se forme après une phase de refroidissement par évaporation. Celle-ci est caractérisée et comparée à un modèle numérique

Brownmillerites CaFeO2.5 and SrFeO2.5 as Catalyst Support for CO Oxidation

International audienceThe support material can play an important role in oxidation catalysis, notably for CO oxidation. Here, we study two materials of the Brownmillerite family, CaFeO2.5 and SrFeO2.5, as one example of a stoichiometric phase (CaFeO2.5, CFO) and one existing in different modifications (SrFeO2.75, SrFeO2.875 and SrFeO3, SFO). The two materials are synthesized using two synthesis methods, one bottom-up approach via a complexation route and one top-down method (electric arc fusion), allowing to study the impact of the specific surface area on the oxygen mobility and catalytic performance. CO oxidation on 18O-exchanged materials shows that oxygen from SFO participates in the reaction as soon as the reaction starts, while for CFO, this onset takes place 185 °C after reaction onset. This indicates that the structure of the support material has an impact on the catalytic performance. We report here on significant differences in the catalytic activity linked to long-term stability of CFO and SFO, which is an important parameter not only for possible applications, but equally to better understand the mechanism of the catalytic activity itself