La arquitectura rupestre de Chinchilla de Montearagón

En número dedicado a: La provincia de Albacet

Arquitectura de adobe en la Ribera del Duero

En número dedicado a: La provincia de Burgo

La casa de piedra en la cuenca del río Alberche

En número dedicado a: La provincia de Ávil

Measuring people's views on health system performance: design and development of the People's Voice Survey

Todd Lewis and co-authors discuss development and use of the People's Voice Survey for health system assessment

Sleep is required to consolidate odor memory and remodel olfactory synapses

Animals with complex nervous systems demand sleep for memory consolidation and synaptic remodeling. Here, we show that, although the Caenorhabditis elegans nervous system has a limited number of neurons, sleep is necessary for both processes. In addition, it is unclear if, in any system, sleep collaborates with experience to alter synapses between specific neurons and whether this ultimately affects behavior. C. elegans neurons have defined connections and well-described contributions to behavior. We show that spaced odor-training and post-training sleep induce long-term memory. Memory consolidation, but not acquisition, requires a pair of interneurons, the AIYs, which play a role in odor-seeking behavior. In worms that consolidate memory, both sleep and odor conditioning are required to diminish inhibitory synaptic connections between the AWC chemosensory neurons and the AIYs. Thus, we demonstrate in a living organism that sleep is required for events immediately after training that drive memory consolidation and alter synaptic structures

Large-Scale Meta-GWAS Reveals Common Genetic Factors Linked to Radiation-Induced Acute Toxicities across Cancers

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to identify common genetic susceptibility and shared genetic variants associated with acute radiation-induced toxicity (RIT) across four cancer types (prostate, head and neck, breast, and lung).METHODS: A GWAS meta-analysis was performed using 19 cohorts including 12,042 patients. Acute standardized total average toxicity (rSTATacute) was modelled using a generalized linear regression model for additive effect of genetic variants adjusted for demographic and clinical covariates. LD score regression estimated shared SNP-based heritability of rSTATacute in all patients and for each cancer type.RESULTS: Shared SNP-based heritability of STATacute among all cancer types was estimated at 10% (se = 0.02), and was higher for prostate (17%, se = 0.07), head and neck (27%, se = 0.09), and breast (16%, se = 0.09) cancers. We identified 130 suggestive associated SNPs with rSTATacute (5.0x10-8&lt;P-value&lt;1.0x10-5) across 25 genomic regions. rs142667902 showed the strongest association (effect allele A; effect size -0.17; P-value=1.7x10-7), which is located near DPPA4, encoding a protein involved in pluripotency in stem cells, which are essential for repair of radiation-induced tissue injury. Gene-set enrichment analysis identified 'RNA splicing via endonucleolytic cleavage and ligation' (P = 5.1 x10-6, Pcorrected =0.079) as the top gene set associated with rSTATacute among all patients. In-silico gene expression analysis showed the genes associated with rSTATacute were statistically significantly up-regulated in skin (not sun exposed Pcorrected=0.004; sun exposed Pcorrected=0.026).CONCLUSIONS: There is shared SNP-based heritability for acute RIT across and within individual cancer sites. Future meta-GWAS among large radiotherapy patient cohorts are worthwhile to identify the common causal variants for acute radiotoxicity across cancer types.</p

Prisoners co-infected with tuberculosis and HIV: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Almost from the beginning of the HIV epidemic in 1981, an association with tuberculosis (TB) was recognized. This association between HIV and TB co-infection has been particularly evident amongst prisoners. However, despite this, few studies of TB in prisons have stratified results by HIV status. Given the high prevalence of HIV-positive persons and TB-infected persons in prisons and the documented risk of TB in those infected with HIV, it is of interest to determine how co-infection varies amongst prison populations worldwide. For this reason we have undertaken a systematic review of studies of co-infected prisoners to determine the incidence and/or prevalence of HIV/TB co-infection in prisons, as well as outcomes in this group, measured as treatment success or death. METHODS: A literature search was undertaken using the online databases PubMed, Embase, IBSS, Scopus, Web of Science, Global Health and CINAHL Plus. No restrictions were set on language or publication date for article retrieval, with articles included if indexed up to 18 October 2015. A total of 1975 non-duplicate papers were identified. For treatment and outcome data all eligible papers were appraised for inclusion; for incidence/prevalence estimates papers published prior to 2000 were excluded from full text review. After full text appraisal, 46 papers were selected for inclusion in the review, 41 for incidence/prevalence estimates and nine for outcomes data, with four papers providing evidence for both outcomes and prevalence/incidence. RESULTS: Very few studies estimated the incidence of TB in HIV positive prisoners, with most simply reporting prevalence of co-infection. Co-infection is rarely explicitly measured, with studies simply reporting HIV status in prisoners with TB, or a cross-sectional survey of TB prevalence amongst prisoners with HIV. Estimates of co-infection prevalence ranged from 2.4 to 73.1% and relative risks for one, given the other, ranged from 2.0 to 10.75, although some studies reported no significant association between HIV and TB. Few studies provided a comparison with the risk of co-infection in the general population. CONCLUSIONS: Prisoners infected with HIV are at high risk of developing TB. However, the magnitude of risk varies between different prisons and countries. There is little evidence on treatment outcomes in co-infected prisoners, and the existing evidence is conflicting in regards to HIV status influence on prisoner treatment outcomes.PROSPERO Number: CRD42016034068

Juego sociodramático y género : un estudio de caso en el último curso de Educación Infantil

A) Observar y analizar los comportamientos de niños/as en el juego sociodramático y comprobar si las actuaciones son diferentes en uno u otro género; B) Comprobar si estas diferencias comportamentales en el juego se orientan en la dirección de los estereotipos de género; C) Observar si estas diferencias se mantienen en los distintos escenarios estudiados; D) Analizar y descomponer las acciones lúdicas más significativas de estas diferencias; E) Reflexionar sobre las medidas que una escuela realmente coeducativa debería tomar para trascender estas diferencias, y apuntar algunas orientaciones prácticas al profesorado de Educación Infantil que ofrezcan a niños/as la posibilidad de desarrollar identidades de género abiertas en las conductas lúdicas de representación. 16 alumnos/as de 5 y 6 años (10 varones y 6 niñas) que componen la tutoría de Educación Infantil de 5 años del Colegio Público de Las Vegas (Asturias). Se utilizan dos instrumentos en la recogida de información: ficha de observación del juego sociodramático y plantilla de observación sistemática. El sistema de categorías elaborado para la observación sistemática es: a) Conductas de evasión: salir del escenario, transformar objetos de forma incongruente con el escenario, transformar personajes de forma incoherente con el contexto e introducir objetos de otro escenario; b) Conductas relacionadas con el hogar: conductas de cuidado y atención a otras personas y labores domesticas; c) Conductas agresivas: agresión simulada a un compañero/a de juego, agresión real, provocación o desafío a un compañero/a de juego, amenaza y burlas; d) Conductas relacionadas con los conflictos: disputa por el material, por el rol o el personaje, solución de conflictos, demanda de atención al adulto. Los comportamientos infantiles en el juego sociodramático son bastantes diferentes en uno y otro género. Estas diferencias se orientan en la dirección de los estereotipos de género. Los varones mantienen conductas lúdicas que responden al patrón masculino dominante y las niñas mantienen comportamientos que responden al estereotipo de género femenino. Estas conductas se mantienen en los diferentes escenarios de juego y ambos utilizan conductas evasivas para huir del escenario y variar el guión.AsturiasUniversidad de Oviedo.Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación; Calle Aniceto Sela s. n.; 33005 Oviedo; Tel. +34985103215; Fax +34985103214;ES

Picturebooks : Representation and Narration

"This volume discusses the aesthetic and cognitive challenges of modern picturebooks from different countries, such as Denmark, France, Germany, Norway, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, and USA. The overarching issue concerns the mutual relationship between representation and narration by means of the picturebooks’ multimodal character. Moreover, this volume includes the main lines of debate and approaches to picturebooks by international leading researchers in the field. Topics covered are the impact of paratexts and interpictorial allusions, the relationship between artists’ books, crossover picturebooks, and picturebooks for adults, the narrative defiance of wordless picturebooks, the representation of emotions in images and text, and the depiction of hybrid characters in picturebooks. The enlargement of the picturebook corpus beyond an Anglo-American picturebook canon opens up new horizons and highlights the diverging styles and genre shifts in modern picturebooks. This tendency also demonstrates the influence of specific authors and illustrators on the appreciation of the picturebook genre, as in the case of Astrid Lindgren’s picturebooks and the picturebooks created by renowned illustrators, such as Anthony Browne, Wolf Erlbruch, Stian Hole, and Bruno Munari. This book will be the definite contribution to contemporary picturebook research for many years to come" -- p. [4] of cover