Les cellules apoptotiques vecteurs d'oncogènes viraux : Une voie alternative de la carcinogenèse associée aux HPV

Apoptotic cells in mammals may be completely degraded by specialized phagocytic cells or serve as a DNA vector. The oncogene transfer via apoptotic cells leads to the transformation of récipient cells but only when they are p53 deficient. As the E6 oncogene of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) leads to p53 dégradation, its transfer from apoptotic cells may be the cause of an alternative mechanism of HPV-associated carcinogenesis. To confirm this hypothesis, we induced apoptosis of cervical cancer cells that may harbor HPV sequences. In collaboration with Patrick Sandoz's team at the FEMTO-ST optical laboratory, we used their position-referenced microsystem for the automated observation of apoptotic cell internalization. We also found that apoptotic cells are phagocytized by fibroblasts regardless of their virological status. Only apoptotic cells from cells harboring HPV DNA transform recipient cells. Viral DNA expression, including E6, in transformed fibroblasts and the loss of p53 and p21 protein expression suggest that HPV oncogènes may cause transformation. These results highlight a new mechanism of HPV-associated carcinogenesis via apoptotic cell phagocytosis. This mechanism may be involved in thé transformation of primary cells and the progression of HPV-associated tumors.Chez les mammifères, les cellules apoptotiques peuvent être complètement dégradées par des cellules phagocytaires spécialisées ou servir de vecteur d'ADN Le transfert d'oncogènes via les cellules apoptotiques aboutit à la transformation des cellules receveuses uniquement si celles-ci sont déficientes en p53. Sachant que Fniicogène E6 des papillomavirus humains (HPV) à haut risque induit la dégradation de p53, il est concevable que son transfert par la cellule apoptotique soit à l'origine d'un mécanisme alternatif de carcinogenèse associée aux HPV. Afin de confirmer cette hypothèse, l'apoptose de cellules dérivées de cancer du col de l'utérus, abriiam ou non des séquences d'HPV, a été induite. En collaboration avec l'équipe de Patrick Sandoz du laboratoire d'optique de FEMTO-ST, nous avons adapté leur inicr;système référencé en position à l'observation automatisée de Finternalisation des cellules apoptotiques. Nous avons aussi déterminé que les cellules apoptotiques son! phagocytées par les fîbroblastes quel que soit leur statut virologique. Seules les cellules apoptotiques dérivées de cellules abritant de l'ADN d'HPV transforment les cellules receveuses. L'expression de l'ADN viral, dont E6, dans les fîbroblastes transformés ainsi que la perte d'expression des protéines p53 et p21 suggère que les oncogènes d'HPV pourraient être à l'origine de la transformation. Les résultats présentés dans ces travaux mettent en évidence un nouveau mécanisme de carcinogenèse associée aux HPV via la phagocytose des cellules apoptotiques, potentiellement impliqué dans la transformation de cellules primaires et la progression des tumeurs associées aux HPV

Position-referenced microscopy for live cell culture monitoring

Position-referenced microscopy (PRM) is based on smart sample holders that integrate a position reference pattern (PRP) in their depth, allowing the determination of the lateral coordinates with respect to the sample-holder itself. Regions of interest can thus be retrieved easily after culture dish transfers from a cell incubator to the microscope stage. Images recorded at different instants in time are superimposed in a common coordinate system with subpixel accuracy. This paper presents such smart Petri culture dishes and their use for live cell culture monitoring. The impact of the PRP on the light budget is discussed and performances are demonstrated. First results on the application of PRM to the observation of apoptotic body internalization are reported

Apoptotic HPV Positive Cancer Cells Exhibit Transforming Properties

Previous studies have shown that DNA can be transferred from dying engineered cells to neighboring cells through the phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies, which leads to cellular transformation. Here, we provide evidence of an uptake of apoptotic-derived cervical cancer cells by human mesenchymal cells. Interestingly, HeLa (HPV 18+) or Ca Ski (HPV16+) cells, harboring integrated high-risk HPV DNA but not C-33 A cells (HPV-), were able to transform the recipient cells. Human primary fibroblasts engulfed the apoptotic bodies effectively within 30 minutes after co-cultivation. This mechanism is active and involves the actin cytoskeleton. In situ hybridization of transformed fibroblasts revealed the presence of HPV DNA in the nucleus of a subset of phagocytosing cells. These cells expressed the HPV16/18 E6 gene, which contributes to the disruption of the p53/p21 pathway, and the cells exhibited a tumorigenic phenotype, including an increased proliferation rate, polyploidy and anchorage independence growth. Such horizontal transfer of viral oncogenes to surrounding cells that lack receptors for HPV could facilitate the persistence of the virus, the main risk factor for cervical cancer development. This process might contribute to HPV-associated disease progression in vivo

Apoptotic cells as vectors of viral oncogenes : An alternative pathway of HPV-associated carcinogenesis

Chez les mammifères, les cellules apoptotiques peuvent être complètement dégradées par des cellules phagocytaires spécialisées ou servir de vecteur d'ADN Le transfert d'oncogènes via les cellules apoptotiques aboutit à la transformation des cellules receveuses uniquement si celles-ci sont déficientes en p53. Sachant que Fniicogène E6 des papillomavirus humains (HPV) à haut risque induit la dégradation de p53, il est concevable que son transfert par la cellule apoptotique soit à l'origine d'un mécanisme alternatif de carcinogenèse associée aux HPV. Afin de confirmer cette hypothèse, l'apoptose de cellules dérivées de cancer du col de l'utérus, abriiam ou non des séquences d'HPV, a été induite. En collaboration avec l'équipe de Patrick Sandoz du laboratoire d'optique de FEMTO-ST, nous avons adapté leur inicr;système référencé en position à l'observation automatisée de Finternalisation des cellules apoptotiques. Nous avons aussi déterminé que les cellules apoptotiques son! phagocytées par les fîbroblastes quel que soit leur statut virologique. Seules les cellules apoptotiques dérivées de cellules abritant de l'ADN d'HPV transforment les cellules receveuses. L'expression de l'ADN viral, dont E6, dans les fîbroblastes transformés ainsi que la perte d'expression des protéines p53 et p21 suggère que les oncogènes d'HPV pourraient être à l'origine de la transformation. Les résultats présentés dans ces travaux mettent en évidence un nouveau mécanisme de carcinogenèse associée aux HPV via la phagocytose des cellules apoptotiques, potentiellement impliqué dans la transformation de cellules primaires et la progression des tumeurs associées aux HPV.Apoptotic cells in mammals may be completely degraded by specialized phagocytic cells or serve as a DNA vector. The oncogene transfer via apoptotic cells leads to the transformation of récipient cells but only when they are p53 deficient. As the E6 oncogene of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) leads to p53 dégradation, its transfer from apoptotic cells may be the cause of an alternative mechanism of HPV-associated carcinogenesis. To confirm this hypothesis, we induced apoptosis of cervical cancer cells that may harbor HPV sequences. In collaboration with Patrick Sandoz's team at the FEMTO-ST optical laboratory, we used their position-referenced microsystem for the automated observation of apoptotic cell internalization. We also found that apoptotic cells are phagocytized by fibroblasts regardless of their virological status. Only apoptotic cells from cells harboring HPV DNA transform recipient cells. Viral DNA expression, including E6, in transformed fibroblasts and the loss of p53 and p21 protein expression suggest that HPV oncogènes may cause transformation. These results highlight a new mechanism of HPV-associated carcinogenesis via apoptotic cell phagocytosis. This mechanism may be involved in thé transformation of primary cells and the progression of HPV-associated tumors

Les cellules apoptotiques vecteurs d'oncogènes viraux (Une voie alternative de la carcinogenèse associée aux HPV)

BESANCON-BU Médecine pharmacie (250562102) / SudocSudocFranceF

HLA-G is a crucial immunosuppressive molecule secreted by adult human mesenchymal stem cells.

International audienceAdult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotential cells capable of regenerating injured tissues. In addition to their multipotency, MSCs inhibit natural killer cell cytotoxicity and T-lymphocyte alloproliferation. Several immunosuppressive mechanisms have been described, including indoleamine 2, 3, -dioxygenase-induced depletion of tryptophan from the lymphocyte environment, and the secretion of prostaglandin E2 and other immunosuppressive factors. Here, we review data supporting a new MSC immunoregulation pathway, in which the key molecule is the human leukocyte antigen-G protein. This nonclassical human leukocyte antigen-class I molecule was initially found on trophoblasts, where it contributes to tolerance at the materno-fetal interface. Because trophoblasts are also able to express indoleamine 2, 3, -dioxygenase and prostaglandin E2, MSC immunomodulatory properties are similar to those of trophoblasts. These mechanisms should be explored in relation to induction of tolerance to alloantigens for the prevention of graft rejection after transplantation

Enlarging computer-vision sensing-capabilities using pseudo-periodic patterns

International audienceUsing pseudo-periodic patterns on the observed target releases usual computer-vision constraints by allowing sub-pixel resolutions together with supra field-of-observation absolute measurement ranges. The allowed range of working distances is also tremendously extended using digital holography