Rippikoulukirjojen seksuaalikasvatuksen ja -opetuksen tavoitteet

Tutkitaan Rippikouluoppaan IV sekä Elämä – usko – rukous – Rippikoulusuunnitelman 2001 valossa, kuinka Rippikoulun opettajien oppaissa on hyödynnetty edellä mainittujen linjauksia ja toimintaideoita. Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan, mitä Rippikouluopas IV sekä Elämä – usko – rukous – Rippikoulusuunnitelma 2001 pitää tärkeänä tavoitteena seksuaalikasvatuksen opetuksessa. Tutkitaan, onko rippikoulun ohjaajan kirjoista löydettävissä sama tavoitesuuntaus, jotka Rippikouluoppaan IV ja Elämä – usko – rukous – Rippikoulusuunnitelma 2001 pitävät sisällään. Rippikouluopas IV nostaa esiin kolme tärkeää asiaa, jotka seksuaalikasvatuksessa erityisesti tulee nostaa esiin. Se opastaa avaamaan käsitteitä, jotta nuori tietää, mitä seksuaalisuutta koskevalla sanalla oikeasti tarkoitetaan. Seksuaalikasvatuksen tulee olla myös foorumi tunteiden käsittelemiselle. Ryhmän tulisi olla turvallinen jokaiselle rippikoululaiselle, jotta jokainen uskaltaisi olla oma itsensä. Kolmantena nostetaan esiin seksuaalisuuden pyhyys. Elämä – usko – rukous – rippikoulusuunnitelma 2001 nostaa esiin kolme koria ja jokaisella oppitunnilla tulisi hyödyntää elämää – uskoa ja rukousta.In this thesis I will study the guidelines of the Confirmation Class Textbook IV (Rippikouluopas IV) and the Confirmation Class Plan 2001, Life - Faith - Prayer (Rippikoulusuunnitelma 2001, Elämä - usko - rukous). I will study if the Confirmation Class Teachers' Handbook emphasizes these guidelines. I will research what the Confirmation Class Textbook IV and the Confirmation Class Plan 2001 consider their main aims in sex education. I will then study if the Teachers' Handbook makes use of the same guiding principles.The Confirmation Class Textbook IV emphasizes three aspects of sex education. Firstly, It points out the importance of analysing concepts as this will help young people to understand the real meaning of vocabulary used in sex education. Secondly, according to the Textbook IV, sex education should be a forum for dealing with emotions. The group should be safe for every con-firmand and encourage them to be themselves. Thirdly, the sacredness of sexuality is empha-sized.The Confirmation Class Plan 2001 emphasizes three different themes. Every Confirmation Class should make use of life, faith and prayer

UDC 004.4’2, DOI: 10.2298/csis0902141E The Adaptive Fuzzy Designed PID Controller using Wavelet Network

Abstract. During the past several years, fuzzy control has emerged as one of the most active and fruitful areas for research in the applications of the fuzzy set theory, especially in the realm of the industrial processes, which do not lend themselves to control by conventional methods because of a lack of quantitative data regarding the inputoutput relations i.e., accurate mathematical models. The fuzzy logic controller based on wavelet network provides a means of converting a linguistic control strategy based on expert knowledge into an automatic strategy. In the available literature, one can find scores of papers on fuzzy logic based controllers or fuzzy adaptation of PID controllers. However, relatively less number of papers is found on fuzzy adaptive control, which is not surprising since fuzzy adaptive control is relatively new tool in control engineering. In this paper, fuzzy adaptive PID controller with wavelet network is discussed in subsequent sections with simulations. An adaptive neural network structure was proposed. Thi

Um aquário como modelo análogo à bacia do rio São Francisco para divulgação científica sobre o meio ambiente

Esse texto é parte de uma pesquisa que objetiva verificar quais são as contribuições de um espaço não formal para a educação e divulgação científica por meio da Metodologia de Ensino com Analogias (MECA). Uma das etapas da pesquisa consiste em estabelecer relações de semelhanças e de diferenças entre o alvo - rio São Francisco (importante curso d'água brasileiro) e o veículo - modelo análogo que o representa (Aquário da Bacia do Rio São Francisco). Os resultados iniciais estão apresentados em um quadro onde os autores encontraram mais diferenças do que semelhanças entre os dois. Tal fato pode gerar a ideia de que o aquário não seja um modelo adequado para a divulgação científica. Mas é importante considerar que o alvo é um modelo mental individual e diferentes relações de semelhanças e diferenças podem ser estabelecidas entre ele e o veículo

SCADA and related technologies

Presented at SCADA and related technologies for irrigation district modernization, II: a USCID water management conference held on June 6-9, 2007 in Denver, Colorado.Includes bibliographical references.A study was conducted in Mafraq, Jordan, between 32°15' and 32°50' north latitude and 36°15' and 36°50' east longitude, to investigate the potential use of remotely sensed data to estimate evapotranspiration (ET). Evapotranspiration values were estimating by integrating high resolution (ASTER) and coarse resolution (MODIS) data in the ALARM model. The first part of the study focused on identifying crop types and developing a relationship between plant canopy height (PH) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from ASTER. The second part of the study concentrated on modeling actual ET through the integration of data from the previous stage and from the MODIS satellite with the ALARM model. Field surveys and data collection, from March to October 2005, included 37 farms with a total of 247 plots representing irrigated vegetable crops in the area. The ET was calculated using the ALARM model with input parameters of land surface temperature, leaf area index, surface albedo, view angle, view time from 1-km MODIS data and plant canopy height derived from its empirical relationship with ASTER NDVI. Results showed that ASTER satellite imagery could provide an adequate identification of different irrigated vegetable crops in the study area. The use of estimated PH derived from its relationships with ASTER-NDVI instead of ground measurements was not a significant source of error for estimating ET. The average performance of the ALARM model showed a strong spatial variability from one site to another depending on the individual components of each site (total irrigated area and type of irrigated crops). The calculation approach of ET using the ALARM model with MODIS satellite data and crop parameters from ASTER data can be used to provide spatial distribution of actual ET. Therefore, the calibrated approach from this study could be used as a new tool for estimating ET for the irrigated area of Mafraq and similar irrigated regions in Jordan. The study also demonstrated the importance of radiometric correction for satellite images before using them in similar studies

Antibiotic Resistance and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Production of Escherichia coli Isolated from Irrigation Waters in Selected Urban Farms in Metro Manila, Philippines

Highly-polluted surface waters are increasingly used for irrigation in different agricultural settings because they have high nutrient content and are readily available. However, studies showed that they are reservoirs for the emergence and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment. In this study, the resistance of 212 Escherichia coli isolates from irrigation water, soil, and vegetables in selected urban farms in Metro Manila, Philippines was evaluated. Results showed that antibiotic resistance was more prevalent in water (67.3%) compared to soil (56.4%) and vegetable (61.5%) isolates. Resistance to tetracycline was the highest among water (45.6%) and vegetable (42.3%) isolates while ampicillin resistance was the highest among soil isolates (33.3%). Multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates were also observed and they were more prevalent in water (25.3%) compared to soil (2.8%) and vegetable (8.4%) isolates. Interestingly, there are patterns of antibiotic resistance that were common to isolates from different samples. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production (ESBL) was also investigated and genes were observed to be present in 13 isolates. This provides circumstantial evidence that highly-polluted surface waters harbor antibiotic-resistant and MDR E. coli that may be potentially transferred to primary production environments during their application for irrigation purposes

Presupposing acquaintance: a unified semantics for de dicto, de re and de se belief reports

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