HIDROPONIK SEBAGAI SOLUSI KEBUTUHAN PANGAN DI KAMPUNG MAIBO, DISTRIK AIMAS, KABUPATEN SORONG

Desa Maibo merupakan salah satu desa di Papua Barat yang terletak di Kecamatan Aimas, Kabupaten Sorong. Desa Maibo merupakan desa yang terletak di daerah pesisir pantai yang dikelilingi oleh hutan mangrove yang lahannya tidak cocok untuk tempat bercocok tanam untuk menghasilkan sayuran. Nabati adalah istilah umum untuk bahan pangan nabati yang berkadar air tinggi dan dapat dikonsumsi setelah diolah atau dalam keadaan. Hidroponik adalah sistem bercocok tanam tanpa menggunakan media tanah, melainkan menggunakan air sebagai media pengganti tanah dengan mengutamakan kebutuhan nutrisi tanaman. Hidroponik secara harfiah berarti hidro = air, dan phonic = kerja, sehingga secara umum berarti suatu sistem budidaya pertanian tanpa menggunakan tanah melainkan menggunakan air yang mengandung larutan nutrisi. Tujuannya agar masyarakat dapat memenuhi kebutuhan pangannya secara kreatif dan juga dapat menjadi salah satu pilihan mata pencaharian masyarakat. Kata kunci : Hidroponik, Maibo, ketahanan panga

Quand les bactéries font la loi : regards éthiques, épistémiques, juridiques, politiques, sociales et techniques sur l’utilisation du microbiome humain à des fins judiciaires

L’utilisation du microbiome humain à des fins judiciaires comme objet d’étude implique divers enjeux allant d’une remise en question de notre conception traditionnelle de l’identité au respect de la vie privée, en passant par le type de consentement à recueillir lors du prélèvement d’un échantillon de microbiome. La particularité de cette étude nécessite le travail conjoint d’une équipe multidisciplinaire composée de spécialistes en éthique, criminalistique, droit, microbiologie, philosophie et science politique

Comparison of Eight Methods for the Extraction of Bacillus atrophaeus Spore DNA from Eleven Common Interferents and a Common Swab

Eight DNA extraction products or methods (Applied Biosystems PrepFiler Forensic DNA Extraction Kit; Bio-Rad Instagene Only, Bio-Rad Instagene & Spin Column Purification; EpiCentre MasterPure DNA & RNA Kit; FujiFilm QuickGene Mini80; Idaho Technologies 1-2-3 Q-Flow Kit; MoBio UltraClean Microbial DNA Isolation Kit; Sigma Extract-N-Amp Plant and Seed Kit) were adapted to facilitate extraction of DNA under BSL3 containment conditions. DNA was extracted from 12 common interferents or sample types, spiked with spores of Bacillus atropheaus. Resulting extracts were tested by real-time PCR. No one method was the best, in terms of DNA extraction, across all sample types. Statistical analysis indicated that the PrepFiler method was the best method from six dry powders (baking, biological washing, milk, plain flour, filler and talcum) and one solid (Underarm deodorant), the UltraClean method was the best from four liquids (aftershave, cola, nutrient broth, vinegar), and the MasterPure method was the best from the swab sample type. The best overall method, in terms of DNA extraction, across all sample types evaluated was the UltraClean method

Just-in-Time Information Improved Decision-Making in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND: The "Just-in-time Information" (JIT) librarian consultation service was designed to provide rapid information to answer primary care clinical questions during patient hours. This study evaluated whether information provided by librarians to answer clinical questions positively impacted time, decision-making, cost savings and satisfaction. METHODS AND FINDING: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted between October 2005 and April 2006. A total of 1,889 questions were sent to the service by 88 participants. The object of the randomization was a clinical question. Each participant had clinical questions randomly allocated to both intervention (librarian information) and control (no librarian information) groups. Participants were trained to send clinical questions via a hand-held device. The impact of the information provided by the service (or not provided by the service), additional resources and time required for both groups was assessed using a survey sent 24 hours after a question was submitted. The average time for JIT librarians to respond to all questions was 13.68 minutes/question (95% CI, 13.38 to 13.98). The average time for participants to respond their control questions was 20.29 minutes/question (95% CI, 18.72 to 21.86). Using an impact assessment scale rating cognitive impact, participants rated 62.9% of information provided to intervention group questions as having a highly positive cognitive impact. They rated 14.8% of their own answers to control question as having a highly positive cognitive impact, 44.9% has having a negative cognitive impact, and 24.8% with no cognitive impact at all. In an exit survey measuring satisfaction, 86% (62/72 responses) of participants scored the service as having a positive impact on care and 72% (52/72) indicated that they would use the service frequently if it were continued. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, providing timely information to clinical questions had a highly positive impact on decision-making and a high approval rating from participants. Using a librarian to respond to clinical questions may allow primary care professionals to have more time in their day, thus potentially increasing patient access to care. Such services may reduce costs through decreasing the need for referrals, further tests, and other courses of action. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN96823810

Ernst Freund as Precursor of the Rational Study of Corporate Law

Gindis, David, Ernst Freund as Precursor of the Rational Study of Corporate Law (October 27, 2017). Journal of Institutional Economics, Forthcoming. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2905547, doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2905547The rise of large business corporations in the late 19th century compelled many American observers to admit that the nature of the corporation had yet to be understood. Published in this context, Ernst Freund's little-known The Legal Nature of Corporations (1897) was an original attempt to come to terms with a new legal and economic reality. But it can also be described, to paraphrase Oliver Wendell Holmes, as the earliest example of the rational study of corporate law. The paper shows that Freund had the intuitions of an institutional economist, and engaged in what today would be called comparative institutional analysis. Remarkably, his argument that the corporate form secures property against insider defection and against outsiders anticipated recent work on entity shielding and capital lock-in, and can be read as an early contribution to what today would be called the theory of the firm.Peer reviewe

Inflation and Dark Energy from spectroscopy at z > 2

The expansion of the Universe is understood to have accelerated during two epochs: in its very first moments during a period of Inflation and much more recently, at z < 1, when Dark Energy is hypothesized to drive cosmic acceleration. The undiscovered mechanisms behind these two epochs represent some of the most important open problems in fundamental physics. The large cosmological volume at 2 < z < 5, together with the ability to efficiently target high-$z$ galaxies with known techniques, enables large gains in the study of Inflation and Dark Energy. A future spectroscopic survey can test the Gaussianity of the initial conditions up to a factor of ~50 better than our current bounds, crossing the crucial theoretical threshold of $\sigma(f_{NL}^{\rm local})$ of order unity that separates single field and multi-field models. Simultaneously, it can measure the fraction of Dark Energy at the percent level up to $z = 5$, thus serving as an unprecedented test of the standard model and opening up a tremendous discovery space

The role of Zn-OR and Zn-OH nucleophiles and the influence of para-substituents in the reactions of binuclear phosphatase mimetics

Analogues of the ligand 2,2'-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(methylene)bis((pyridin-2-ylmethyl)azanediyl)diethanol (CH(3)H(3)L1) are described. Complexation of these analogues, 2,6-bis(((2-methoxyethyl)(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)methyl)-4-methylphenol (CH(3)HL2), 4-bromo-2,6-bis(((2-methoxyethyl)(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)methyl)phenol (BrHL2), 2,6-bis(((2-methoxyethyl)(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)methyl)-4-nitrophenol (NO(2)HL2) and 4-methyl-2,6-bis(((2-phenoxyethyl)(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)methyl)phenol (CH(3)HL3) with zinc(II) acetate afforded [Zn-2(CH(3)L2)(CH3COO)(2)](PF6), [Zn-2(NO(2)L2)(CH3COO)(2)](PF6), [Zn-2(BrL2)(CH3COO)(2)](PF6) and [Zn-2(CH(3)L3)(CH3COO)(2)](PF6), in addition to [Zn-4(CH(3)L2)(2)(NO2C6H5OPO3)(2)(H2O)(2)](PF6)(2) and [Zn-4(BrL2)(2)(PO3F)(2)(H2O)(2)](PF6)(2). The complexes were characterized using H-1 and C-13 NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, microanalysis, and X-ray crystallography. The complexes contain either a coordinated methyl-(L2 ligands) or phenyl-(L3 ligand) ether, replacing the potentially nucleophilic coordinated alcohol in the previously reported complex [Zn-2(CH(3)HL1)(CH3COO)(H2O)](PF6). Functional studies of the zinc complexes with the substrate bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl) phosphate (BDNPP) showed them to be competent catalysts with, for example, [Zn-2(CH(3)L2)](+), k(cat) = 5.70 +/- 0.04 x 10(-3) s(-1) (K-m = 20.8 +/- 5.0 mM) and [Zn-2(CH(3)L3)](+), kcat = 3.60 +/- 0.04 x 10(-3) s(-1) (K-m = 18.9 +/- 3.5 mM). Catalytically relevant pK(a)s of 6.7 and 7.7 were observed for the zinc(II) complexes of CH(3)L2(-) and CH(3)L3(-), respectively. Electron donating para-substituents enhance the rate of hydrolysis of BDNPP such that k(cat) p-CH3 > p-Br > p-NO2. Use of a solvent mixture containing H2O18/H2O16 in the reaction with BDNPP showed that for [Zn-2(CH(3)L2)(CH3COO)(2)](PF6) and [Zn-2(NO(2)L2)(CH3COO)(2)](PF6), as well as [Zn-2(CH(3)HL1)(CH3COO)(H2O)](PF6), the O-18 label was incorporated in the product of the hydrolysis suggesting that the nucleophile involved in the hydrolysis reaction was a Zn-OH moiety. The results are discussed with respect to the potential nucleophilic species (coordinated deprotonated alcohol versus coordinated hydroxide)

Measurement of the Proton Spin Structure Function g1p with a Pure Hydrogen Target

A measurement of the proton spin structure function g1p(x,Q^2) in deep-inelastic scattering is presented. The data were taken with the 27.6 GeV longitudinally polarised positron beam at HERA incident on a longitudinally polarised pure hydrogen gas target internal to the storage ring. The kinematic range is 0.021<x<0.85 and 0.8 GeV^2<Q^2<20 GeV^2. The integral Int_{0.021}^{0.85} g1p(x)dx evaluated at Q0^2 of 2.5 GeV^2 is 0.122+/-0.003(stat.)+/-0.010(syst.).Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, RevTeX late