4 research outputs found

    LES POLITIQUE AGRAIRES ET LES REPERCUSSIONS DU VOLONTARISME POLITIQUE EN TANZANIE

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    L'interet dune etude sur les Politiques Agraires et les Repercussions du Volontarisme politique en Tanzanie decoule des raisons liees a l'ideologie du Pouvoir Central, aux transformations politiques, economiques et sociales intervenues depuis l'Independance et a. la Perception de ces transformations da.ns les villages.Depuis l'Independance, que NYERERE taxe volontiers d'INDEPENDANCE DU DRAPEAU (Uhuru wa Bendera), le Pouvoir Central, heritier dune longue suite d'interventions, a dessine le cadre strict et les contours dune reforme agraire que la Declaration d'ARUSHA (1967), Ujamaa Vijijini (1967), la Decentralisation (1972) et la Villagisation (1974) devaient realiser. Sur l'exemple de la "Ruvuma Development Assocation", le VILLAGE (KIJIJI) devient la pierre dangle dune politique globale qui vise, outre l'autosuffisance alimentaire (Kujitegemea kwa chakula), la reintroduction des valeurs telles que la Democratie, la Dignite et l'Identite. Du coup, l'ideologie du pouvoir central Hee a. la personnalite et aux qualites intrinseques de Julius NYERERE, devient irresistiblement attrayante. Et la Tanzanie devient l'espoir du Socialisme tiers-mondiste au debut des annees soixante-dix. Mais, composante dun magma indifferencie appele "Tiers-Monde", la Tanzanie, au gre des circonsta,nces, suscite compassion, charite ou allergie. C'est dans ce contexte que quiconque, comme moi, investit -au sens psychanalytique et/ou bassement economique du terme- dans la Tanzanie, en essayant de populariser sonimage, d'expliquer ses specificites, evolue aux confins de l'affectif, de l'emotionnel, du passionnel.Bible de l'Ujamaa, la Declaration d'ARUSHA est a, examiner au regard de son ideolugie et de ses objectifs, de sa pertinence au regard des conditions specifiques de la Tanzanie et de sa validite theorique. On peut, succinctement, dire que la Declaration d'ARUSHA, fondee sur une tradition social-democrate insiste sur le bien-etre et la protection sociale et, de ce fait, met l'accent plutet sur la consommation que la production. Rien d'etonnant que quand on evalue ses performances on conclue a. l'echec. Et cela d'autant plus que les mesures nationales prises pour la DISTRIBUTION partaient dune base economique tres faible

    UHURU, UJAMAA AZIMIO, MWONGOZO: Contribution a t'analyse de Ia pensée politique de JULIUS KAMBARAGE NYERERE

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    Ujamaa ni Imani"1, apophtĂšgme devenu aphorisme, Ă©nonce les limites, les contours et, parfois, les apories oU se sont dĂ©veloppĂ©es Ia pensee et Ia prafique politiques de JULiUS KAMBARAGE NYERERE. Saisi au vol, au cours de ces nombreuses retransmissions des discours du MWAUMU un soir de DĂ©cembre 1982, ce maxime OnoncĂ© en peu de mots, m'est restĂ© en mĂ©moire et resume assez bien les arguments que je peux apporter quant au choix de mon objet de recherche Dans ce vaste champ des Sciences de I'homme et de Ia sociĂ©tĂ© oĂŒ, une fois les bornes dĂ©passĂ©es, il n'y a plus de limite, il mest vite apparu nĂ©cessaire de pr(5ciser quel langage, queue mĂ©thode ou, mieux, queue problĂ©matique convient pour saisir I'archaIque dons le moderne, Ia crise dons le permanent, le dĂ©sordre dons lorganisation, Ia libertĂ© dons Ia domination. II fallait que je puisse travailler sur un theme, un homme, une aire gĂ©ographique sans tomber dans Ia "thĂ©ologie du Socialisme', lanalyse psychanalytique et/ou Ia description biographique ou encore moms dons l'Economisme spĂ©cialisĂ© sur Ia Tanzanie au plan regional et continental. Saisir les Ă©lĂ©ments socio-culturels determinants dans Ia formulation et lĂ©laboration de l'Ujamaa ma amenĂ© a utiliser plusieurs langages et plusieurs mĂ©thodes dinvestigafion: observer, enregistrer, presenter des phĂ©nomenes en apporence uniques et particuliers dons leur contexte gĂ©nĂ©ral et sous leur angle universel. Passer du particulier au global, de l'observation IocalisĂ©e a Ia formulation des rĂ©gles gĂ©nerales ma conduit ĂŽ collectionner rĂ©cfts, descriptions, analyses, figures et photographies. DoĂŒ Ia creation, souvent ex nihilo, dun tissu dense des interactions personnelles d'ou Ă©clot, immanquablement, limagination sociologique, pour paraphraser MILLS WRIGHT

    Assisted reproductive technology nursing positioning Australian research in the global context /

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    Introduction: Australian healthcare statistics indicate that 39,362 stimulated in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) cycles were initiated in Australia in 2009 and these cycles were co-ordinated by almost 300 ART nurses working across the country at 70 accredited primary, associate and satellite IVF units. There is currently no distinct model or theory that informs ART nursing practice in the Australian context. Additionally, there is limited published research that comprehensively examines the unique nature of the ART nursing practice domain internationally. The purpose of this study was to examine ART nursing practice in Australia from the nurses’ perspective. Outcomes of this research have the potential to translate into the global ART nursing community. Method: Grounded Theory (GT) methodology was used to explore Australian ART Nurses’ understanding regarding their specialised clinical practice. Purposive and later theoretical sampling facilitated recruitment of Registered Nurse (RN) participants who were best positioned to inform this research by exploring their perceptions in relation to their clinical practice and to acquire comprehensive data. Fifteen in-depth, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with RNs who were members of the Fertility Nurses of Australasia (FNA) professional group practicing in metropolitan and regional areas around the country. The data collected contributed to a deep understanding of clinical practice from the nursing perspective. NVivo 8ℱ was used to manage the significant volume of data and to facilitate analysis based on the Grounded Theory constant comparative approach. Results: The principal themes that emerged from this study were two-fold. Firstly it was identified that context specific elements such as personal and professional attributes, knowledge, and patient care activities impact on practice. In addition, a series of factors, both positive and negative, including elements such as communication, support, patient issues, and teamwork were identified by the participants as influencing how the ART nurse practices. The ART Nurse plays a pivotal role, balancing all aspects of the ART process to facilitate effective and efficient patient care and cycle management to optimise patient care and clinical and psychosocial outcomes. This research highlights the complexity of the role and how ART nurses balance these influences as they endeavour to maintain equilibrium for patients and for the ART practice. Conclusion: The ART patient journey is often likened to a roller coaster ride. Outcomes of this research indicate that ART nurses accompany patients on this journey and they play a pivotal and balancing role as they co-ordinate treatment cycles. This research, firmly grounded in comprehensive data collected directly from ART registered nurse participants, identifies themes of particular importance to this journey from the nursing practice perspective. The identified substantive theory contributes to the emerging global body of knowledge with regard to ART nursing practice. Importantly findings will inform practice development, quality assurance, education and curriculum development for ART nurses and the outcomes of this translational research are considered relevant to the global ART nursing context
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