Mapping and assessing technoloy catalysts that accelerate Circular Economy transition

The demanded, expected and continuous economic growth has a big burden on the environment because of the resources scarcity and limited availability. Circular Economy concept has been considered as an alternative paradigm that can eliminate waste and support the continual use of resources. Many companies are trying to deploy the CE concept through innovation and technological advancements. However, succeeding in that requires assessing the developing technologies to fit with circularity concept in order to be sustainable. To explore this phenomenon and address the issue while developing theory in this research area, this study aims at answering the following research question: What are the technology catalysts that accelerates Circular Economy transition? What is the criteria for assessing developing, and sustainable Circular Economy technologies? With the following sub-question; how the technology advances Circular Economy and sustainability? How ready is the technology? To answer these questions, a multiple case study of 7 different cases is conducted. Various technologies were selected as the cases in order to cover a wide range of technology streams. The collected data is primarily qualitative, gathered from qualitative interviews. Five semi structured interviews were held, all the interviews were recorded and transcribed by the author. The data was analysed in each separate case using the framework developed to answer the re-search questions. Then from the data collected a cross case analysis is conducted on technologies per se level to pinpoint to any patterns across assessed technologies and on technology streams level, to identify the commonalities and differences among technology streams criteria for assessing Circular Economy technologies. Results identify that developing and sustainable Circular Economy technologies should be assessed based on the criteria of circularity, sustainability and technological readiness. Each criterion has different deciding methodologies. Most of the methods and approaches used for assessment were mainly quantitative. Also, it is was identified that most immature technologies are the ones that follow a strong circularity strategies of reuse and reduce. Furthermore, most technology developers lack the importance of considering the social dimension of sustainability while developing their technologies. They rather link environmental benefits to social impact. The results also indicate that most technology streams can accelerate Circular Economy transition. Nevertheless, digital technologies, manufacturing technologies and bio-technologies were highlighted. Therefore, this study contributes to the qualitative assessment of Circular Economy literature and develops an assessment approach for managers, policy and decision makers for deciding upon technologies that fulfil a strategy of sustainable Circular Economy technologies

The theory of Zakah and its application in the Sudan (1980-88).

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:D173892 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Some Techniques to Compute Multiplicative Inverses for Advanced Encryption Standard

This paper gives some techniques to compute the set of multiplicative inverses, which uses in the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). &nbsp

A way to compute a greatest common divisor in the Galois field (GF (2^n ))

This paper presents how the steps that used to determine a multiplicative inverse by method based on the Euclidean algorithm, can be used to find a greatest common divisor for polynomials in the Galois field (2^n )

ERRORS OF UNITY AND COHERENCE IN SAUDI ARABIAN EFL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ WRITTEN PARAGRAPH - A CASE STUDY OF COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & ARTS, TANUMAH, KING KHALID UNIVERSITY, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA

This study investigates errors of unity and coherence in a paragraph written by the Fourth - Level students at the College of Science and Arts in Tanumah, King Khalid University. The purposes behind this study are to investigate, identify and analyze errors of unity and coherence committed by EFL university students in paragraph writing, moreover to identify the possible causes of these errors and to suggest ways of overcoming these problems. Furthermore, to provide suggestions for teaching and learning English paragraph writing to EFL university students. The study uses both testing and interview as primary sources for data collection. The findings indicate that students commit errors in unity and coherence, and that is their written performance is characterized by ineffective organization of the ideas, lack of transitional markers and the misuses of cohesive markers, the students’ written paragraphs, in general, are characterized by an inconsistency in tense, faulty parallelism, omission of linking words and wrong selection of pronouns. The study concludes that students' problems with writing coherent and unified paragraph are attributed to many factors such as EFL students’ insufficient knowledge about techniques of coherence and unity of paragraph writing in addition to their lack of motivation. Besides interference of EFL learners’ mother tongue in EFL learning process and inappropriate teaching strategies and techniques employed by teachers in teaching coherence and unity of English paragraph writing. It is recommended that EFL university instructors should focus on giving ample practice on the elements of achieving unity and coherence of paragraph writing in addition to that they should give immediate feedback to students and encourage them to read a lot.  Article visualizations

(E)-2-{[1-Carb­oxy-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl­iminio]meth­yl}-6-hy­droxy­phenolate

In the zwitterionic title compound, C18H16N2O4, the dihedral angle between the planes of the benzene and indole rings is 26.38 (10)°. An intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked through N—H⋯O, O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into infinite chains propagating in [010]

Effect of sodium chloride concentration on the functional properties of selectec Legume flours

Providing safe, nutritious, and wholesome food for poor and undernourished populations has been a major challenge for developing countries. This has led to the necessity of assembling complete food composition tables, yielding information about the traditional foods and on the functional properties of the plant foods that are consumed regularly in the developing countries. Sodium Chloride (NaCl) is the common salt used at household and industry levels to improve palatability of processed foods. Therefore, the main aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of different concentrations of NaCl on the functional properties of selected legume flours. The effect of increasing concentration of NaCl on the protein solubility, emulsifying and foaming properties of white bean, pigeon pea, cowpea and hyacinth bean were studied. The results revealed that the protein solubility of pigeon pea, cowpea and white bean flours significantly increased by increasing salt concentration and reached a maximum at 0.4 M NaCl (for pigeon pea and cowpea flours) and 0.6 M for white bean flour and then gradually decreased at higher salt concentration. The protein solubility profile of hyacinth bean fluctuated with the salt concentration, with the highest solubility at 0.6 M NaCl and lowest solubility at 0.4M NaCl. With the exception of white bean, the maximum emulsifying activity of all selected legume flours was found at 0.4 M NaCl whereas that of white bean was found at 0.2 M NaCl. Generally, with increasing salt concentration, the emulsifying activity slightly decreased for the legume flours, except for cowpea which fluctuated. Addition of NaCl significantly decreased the emulsion stability and foaming capacity of the four of selected legume with the maximum improvement being observed at 0.2 M NaCl, and then decreasing gradually at higher salt concentration. Significant improvement of foaming stability was observed when salt concentration increased. Based on the results of the present study the selected legume flour demonstrated good functional properties following the addition of NaCl, which makes these legume flours potential ingredients for application in salt containing foods.Keywords: functional properties, Legumes, Protein solubilityAfrican Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, Volume 12 No.

Evaluation of Multi-hop Ad-hoc Routing Protocols in Wireless Seismic Data Acquisition

Due to impediments associated with cable-based seismic survey, Wireless Seismic Data Acquisition (WSDA) has recently gained much attention fromcontractors, exploration companies, and researchers to layout enabling wireless technology and architecture for Wireless Geophone Networks (WGN) in seismic explorations. A potential approach is to employ multi-hop wireless ad-hoc communication. In this study, we propose a multi-hop WGN architecture consisting of several subnetworks to realize the expected network performance. We investigate the performance of proactive and reactive routing protocols to examine the optimal number of geophones that could be effectively supported within a subnetwork. The performance metrics used are packet delivery ratio (PDR) and average end-to-end delay