Comparação das respostas fisiológicas, perceptuais e afetivas durante caminhada em ritmo auto-selecionado por mulheres adultas com o peso esperado, sobrepeso e obesas

Orientador: Sergio Gregorio da SilvaInclui apendiceDissertaçao (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciencias Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduaçao em Educaçao Física. Defesa: Curitiba, 25/03/2009Inclui bibliografia e anexosÁrea de concentraçao: Exercício e esport

Fat mass predicts food-specific inhibitory control in children

Impaired inhibitory control has been associated with obesity, high blood pressure and lack of physical fitness. These impairments are thought to be related to decreased cognitive control over excessive food consumption and may start in childhood. However, previous studies in children have examined inhibitory control deficits using general (non-food-specific) tasks and relied on body mass index, which does not distinguish the amount of fat mass. As fat mass, hypertension and physical fitness have been shown to play a role in cognition, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between these variables and food specific inhibitory control in children. Subjects/methods: Children's (n = 48; Age 10.7 +/- 0.6 years) general characteristics, fat mass, cardiorespiratory fitness, blood pressure and performance on a food-specific inhibitory control task (Go/No-go) were measured across two sessions. Results: Fat mass and sex were associated with inhibitory control performance, while no associations were found for cardiorespiratory fitness, blood pressure and other potential confounding variables (i.e. age, pubertal timing, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, scholar test performance and heart rate). Linear regression analyses showed that only fat mass predicted poorer food-specific inhibitory control (beta = 0.36; Delta R-2 = 0.04; p < .05) and sex predicted inhibitory control for toys (control condition) (beta = 0.42; Delta R-2 = 0.11; p < .01). Neither blood pressure nor cardiorespiratory fitness predicted food specific inhibitory control. Conclusion: These findings suggest that fat mass is an independent predictor of inhibitory control for food in children204155161COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESsem informaçã

Physiological responses during treadmill walking at a self-selected pace: comparison between genders

The objective of this study was to compare % O2Max, %HRMax, %HRR, % O2R, and MET between genders during walking at a self-selected pace and to determine whether the self-selected pace was physiologically effective in maintaining and improving cardiorespiratory fitness. Seventeen men (age: 24.05 ± 3.3 years) and 17 women (age > 22.58 ± 2.67 years) were submitted to two experimental sessions: (I) anthropometric assessment and incremental exhaustion test, and (II) 20-min treadmill walking bouts at a self-selected pace. The independent Student t-test was used to determine differences between genders, at an alpha level of 0.05. No significant differences in %HRMax (58.38 ± 8.86 for men and 62.12 ± 5.91 for women), % O2Max (37.54 ± 10.75 for men and 40.34 ± 7.27 for women), %HRR (36.83 ± 11.77 for men and 38.46 ± 8.33 for women), or % O2R (31.88 ± 11.17 for men and 34.70 ± 7.74 for women) were observed between genders. However, the walking speed selected (km.h-1) was higher in men (5.96 ± 0.66, p < 0.001) than women, a finding that probably resulted in higher MET values for men (6.07 ± 1.57, p < 0.05) compared to women (5.23 ± 0.77). In conclusion, both genders selected a walking pace that was not effective in maintaining or improving cardiorespiratory fitness, but MET values were within the range indicated for the maintenance and reduction of body weight. The differences in METs observed between genders might be due to differences in walking speed and anthropometric characteristics

Drug abusers have impaired cerebral oxygenation and cognition during exercise

Sem informaçãoBackground: Individuals with Substance Use Disorder (SUD) have lower baseline metabolic activity of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) associated with impairment of cognitive functions in decisionmaking and inhibitory control. Aerobic exercise has shown to improve PFC function and cognitive performance, however, its effects on SUD individuals remain unclear. Purpose: To verify the cognitive performance and oxygenation of the PFC during an incremental exercise in SUD individuals. Methods: Fourteen individuals under SUD treatment performed a maximum graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer with continuous measurements of oxygen consumption, PFC oxygenation, and inhibitory control (Stroop test) every two minutes of exercise at different intensities. Fifteen non-SUD individuals performed the same protocol and were used as control group. Results: Exercise increased oxyhemoglobin (O(2)Hb) and total hemoglobin (tHb) by 9% and 7%, respectively. However, when compared to a non-SUD group, this increase was lower at high intensities (p< 0.001), and the inhibitory cognitive control was lower at rest and during exercise (p< 0.007). In addition, PFC hemodynamics during exercise was inversely correlated with inhibitory cognitive performance (reaction time) (r = -0.62, p = 0.001), and a lower craving perception for the specific abused substance (p = 0.0189) was reported immediately after exercise. Conclusion: Despite SUD individuals having their PFC cerebral oxygenation increased during exercise, they presented lower cognition and oxygenation when compared to controls, especially at elevated intensities. These results may reinforce the role of exercise as an adjuvant treatment to improve PFC function and cognitive control in individuals with SUD.1211115Sem informaçãoSem informaçãoSem informaçã

Cutoff for body mass index in adolescents: comparison with national and international reference standards

OBJETIVO: elaborar uma tabela percentílica para o índice de massa corporal (IMC) para adolescentes na faixa etária de 10 a 14 anos da cidade de Curitiba, Paraná, e comparar os valores encontrados para o sobrepeso (percentil 85) e obesidade (percentil 95) com referências de IMC nacional, regional e internacional. MÉTODO: estudo longitudinal misto com 5231 avaliações, 2471 em meninos e 2760 em meninas, idades entre 10 e 14 anos. Esse número foi obtido a partir de avaliações semestrais realizadas entre os anos de 1998 a 2002, gerando 4321 observações (estudo longitudinal), mais a avaliação de 910 indivíduos no ano de 2006 (estudo transversal). O IMC foi calculado pela razão entre a massa corporal (Kg) dividida pela estatura (m) ao quadrado. Foram elaboradas tabelas de frequência baseadas na distribuição percentílica. Para identificar as diferenças nos pontos de corte para sobrepeso e obesidade com os estudos nacionais de Cintra e de Conde e Monteiro e com o estudo internacional de Cole foi utilizado teste binomial não paramétrico. RESULTADOS: comparando com as referências, os jovens de Curitiba seriam superestimados com sobrepeso se utilizadas a referência de Conde e a de Cole e subestimados na referência regional de Cintra. As mesmas tendências foram observadas com relação ao percentil 95 (obesidade), porém não para todas as faixas etárias. CONCLUSÃO: observamos diferenças nos valores de IMC sugeridos como pontos de corte para sobrepeso e obesidade em relação às referências nacionais e internacionais reforçando a necessidade de utilização de referências específicas para cada população.OBJECTIVE: to develop a scale percentile for body mass index (BMI) for adolescents aged 10 to 14 years from the city of Curitiba, Paraná, and compare the values found for overweight (85th percentile) and obesity (95th percentile) with references to national and international BMI. METHOD: mixed longitudinal study with 5231 evaluation, 2471 in boys and girls in 2760, aged 10 and 14 years. This number was obtained from semester evaluations conducted between the years 1998 to 2002, generating 4321 observations (longitudinal study), further evaluation of 910 individuals in 2006 (cross-sectional study). BMI was calculated as the ratio of body mass (kg) divided by height (m) squared. Frequency tables were prepared based on the percentile distribution. To identify differences in cut-off points for overweight and obesity with the national study of Cintra, and Conde and with the international study of Cole non-parametric binomial test was used. RESULTS: compared with the references, the young people of Curitiba were overestimated overweight if used for the reference of Conde and Cole and underestimated in the regional reference Cintra. The same trends were observed with respect to the 95th percentile (obesity), but not for all ages. CONCLUSION: we observed differences in the values of BMI suggested as cut-off points for overweight and obesity in relation to national and international references emphasizing the need to use specific references for each population

Feeling of pleasure to high-intensity interval exercise is dependent of the number of work bouts and physical activity status

Objectives: To examine the affective responses during a single bout of a low-volume HIIE in active and insufficiently active men. Materials and methods: Fifty-eight men (aged 25.3 ± 3.6 years) volunteered to participate in this study: i) active (n = 29) and ii) insufficiently active (n = 29). Each subject undertook i) initial screening and physical evaluation, ii) maximal exercise test, and iii) a single bout of a low-volume HIIE. The HIIE protocol consisted of 10 x 60s work bouts at 90% of maximal treadmill velocity (MTV) interspersed with 60s of active recovery at 30% of MTV. Affective responses (Feeling Scale, -5/+5), rating of perceived exertion (Borg's RPE, 6-20), and heart rate (HR) were recorded during the last 10s of each work bout. A two-factor mixed-model repeated measures ANOVA, independent-samples t test, and chi-squared test were used to data analysis. Results: There were similar positive affective responses to the first three work bouts between insufficiently active and active men (p > 0.05). However, insufficiently active group displayed lower affective responses over time (work bout 4 to 10) than the active group (p 0.05). Conclusions: Insufficiently active and active men report feelings of pleasure to few work bouts (i.e., 3-4) during low-volume HIIE, while the affective responses become more unpleasant over time for insufficiently active subjects. Investigations on the effects of low-volume HIIE protocols including a fewer number of work bouts on health status and fitness of less active subjects would be interesting, especially in the first training weeks

Efeito de um programa de treinamento com pesos em intensidade autosselecionada sobre as respostas psicofisiológicas, capacidade funcional e composição corporal de mulheres idosas sedentárias

Orientador : Prof. Dr. Sergio Gregorio da SilvaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciencias Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educaçao Física. Defesa: Curitiba, 06/02/2012Bibliografia: fls.115-125Área de concentraçao: Exercício e esporteResumo: Objetivo: Analisar o efeito de um programa de treinamento com pesos em intensidade autosselecionada sobre as respostas psicofisiológicas, aptidão física e funcional e composição corporal de idosas sedentárias. Métodos: Trinta e duas mulheres idosas divididas em dois grupos (Grupo intensidade autosselecionada (n = 16) e Grupo controle (n = 16)) realizaram duas semanas de exercício para familiarização com a utilização dos equipamentos, realização adequada dos exercícios e utilização das escalas perceptuais (escala de percepção subjetiva do esforço (PSE) e escala de sensação). Antes e após o treinamento com pesos em intensidade autosselecionada (TPIA) todas as participantes realizaram uma bateria de testes da aptidão física e funcionais: capacidade aeróbia, flexibilidade, amplitude de movimento, força muscular (membros superiores e inferiores), agilidade e equilíbrio dinâmico. Uma sessão de exercício similar a utilizada no TPIA foi realizada em quatro momentos a fim de analisar as respostas perceptuais (percepção subjetiva do esforço, percepção subjetiva do esforço da sessão e afeto) e intensidade autosselecionada. O TPIA foi realizado por 12 semanas, três vezes na semana, constituído de oito exercícios realizados em maquinas com três séries de 10 - 15 repetições. Os dados foram analisados pelas medias (desvio-padrão), ANOVA de medidas repetidas e teste t para amostras independentes (p<0.05). Resultados: Ao longo do TPIA as idosas sedentárias selecionaram uma carga que propiciou uma intensidade média de 42% de 1RM, percepção subjetiva do esforço entre "um pouco fácil" e "um pouco difícil" e uma resposta afetiva de "bom". Apesar do TPIA não ter provocado alterações significativas na massa corporal, índice de massa corporal, massa gorda ou % gordura corporal, foi observado um aumento na massa livre de gordura (delta = 5,0%), no O2Máx (delta = 16%), melhoras nos indicadores de força muscular de membros superiores (delta ~ 24,5 - 29,7%) e inferiores (delta 10,2 - 36,1%), agilidade e equilíbrio dinâmico (delta = 6,8%) e flexibilidade de membros superiores (delta 55,1%) e inferiores (delta ~ 8,9 - 42,9%). Além disso, foi verificado que a PSE da sessão é uma ferramenta válida para quantificar a intensidade do TPIA de mulheres idosas. Conclusões: O TPIA foi realizado em intensidade abaixo do recomendado para melhora na força e hipertrofia muscular. Contudo, esta estratégia foi eficiente para melhorar da aptidão física e funcional e composição corporal de mulheres idosas sedentárias, reportando uma baixa PSE e uma elevada sensação de prazer/conforto associado à realização do treinamento. Desta forma, a autosseleção da intensidade por idosos no treinamento com pesos pode ser utilizada no intuito de manter a aderência, particularmente nas primeiras fases de um programa de exercício físico.Abstract: Purpose: Determine the effects of weight training at self selected intensity on psychophysical responses, functional capacity and body composition of previously sedentary older women. Methods: Thirty-two elderly women underwent two weeks of familiarization with the equipment utilization, appropriate form for performing the exercise, as well as the use of the perceptual scales (Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) Scale and Feeling Scale). Before and after weight training at self-selected intensity (WTSI), all participants performed tests of functional capacities: aerobic capacity, flexibility, range of motion, muscle strength (upper and lower limbs), agility and dynamic balance. A similar exercise session used in the WTSI was performed four times to analyze the perceptual responses (rating of perceived exertion, session ratings of perceived exertion (session-RPE), and affect) and self-selected intensity. The WTSI was conducted for 12 weeks, three times a week, including eight exercises performed using weight machines with three sets of 10 - 15 repetitions. Data were analyzed by mean (standard deviation), ANOVA with repeated measures and t test for independent samples (p < 0.05). Results: Over the WTSI, sedentary elderly women selected a load which provided an average exercise intensity corresponding to 42% of 1RM, perceived exertion between "somewhat easy" and "somewhat difficult" and an affective response of "good." Despite the WTSI does not have provided significant changes in body mass, body mass index, body fat or %body fat, were observed increase in body free mass (delta = 5.0%) in VO2max (delta = 16.0%), improvements in indicators of muscle strength on upper (delta ~ 24.5 to 29.7%) and lower limbs (delta ~ 10.2 to 36.1%), agility and dynamic balance (delta = 6.8%) and flexibility of upper (55.1% delta ) and lower limbs (delta ~ 8.9 to 42.9%). Moreover, was found that the session-RPE is a valuable tool to quantify the intensity of WTSI by elderly women. Conclusions: The WTSI was performed at intensities below the recommendation for improvements on muscle strength and hypertrophy. However, this strategy was effective for improving functional capacity and body free mass of previously sedentary older women, reporting low RPE and higher sense of pleasure/comfort associated with exercise training. In that way, the intensity self-selected by elderly people during weight training can be used in order to improve adherence, particularly in the early stages of an exercise program