Resistência à mudança organizacional : um estudo de caso

Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão de Empresas/MBA.Com o presente estudo pretende-se analisar o comportamento dos indivíduos perante uma situação de mudança, mais concretamente nas situações em que ocorre resistência à mudança. Por forma a analisar toda a envolvente dessa resistência, torna-se imprescindível identificar os fatores originadores dessa conduta, as suas consequências no desempenho organizacional, bem como formas adequadas para encarar tal atitude. Assim, com o intuito de verificar se a resistência é evidente, clara e considerada como positiva ou negativa, recorre-se ao método quantitativo, nomeadamente, ao recurso a questionários online, dirigidos à gestão, direção, bem como ao restante leque de colaboradores, o que, nesse caso, decorre sob a forma de estudo de caso. De um modo geral, os resultados obtidos apontam que a má formação ou inexistência desta é o principal motivo de resistência por partes dos colaboradores, além de outros fatores como as diferentes opiniões das partes envolvidas, a falta de valorização do indivíduo, a falta de transmissão de confiança e segurança, entre outros. Deste modo, apura-se que é necessário agentes de mudança líderes, formação transmitida aos indivíduos, comunicação, transmissão de compromisso e apoio e valorização do indivíduo. Nesse sentido, os resultados permitem concluir que os colaboradores da organização em estudo, apesar de afirmarem que não resistem, nem têm intenções de tal, demonstram opiniões muito firmes e assertivas, de acordo com a literatura, de motivos causadores da resistência. Além disso, os diretores e gestores apontam bons métodos para atenuar a resistência, indo em consonância com a base literária, e, demonstram comprometimento, consideração e atenção ao comportamento dos seus subordinados no que se trata à imposição de alterações dentro da organização.ABSTRACT: With this study we intend to analyze the behavior of individuals in a situation of change, specifically in situations where resistance to change occurs. In order to analyze the surrounding of this resistance, it is essential to identify the factors originators of this conduct, its consequences on organizational performance, as well as appropriate ways to face this attitude. Thus, in order to verify that the resistance is evident, clear and considered as positive or negative, we resort to quantitative method, namely, the use of online questionnaires directed to the management, direction and range of the remaining employees, which in this case arises in the form of case study. In general, the results show that the malformation or absence of this is the main reason for resistance by parts of employees, plus other factors like the different opinions of the parties involved, the lack of appreciation of the individual, the lack of transmission of trust and security, among others. Thus, clears up that leaders change agents, training transmitted to individuals, communication, transmission of commitment and support and appreciation of the individual is necessary. Accordingly, we conclude that the employees of the organization under study, despite claiming not resist, nor have such intentions, demonstrate very firm and assertive opinions, according to the literature, the reasons causing the resistance. In addition, the directors and managers shows good methods for fade resistance, going in line with the literary basis, and demonstrate commitment, consideration and attention to the behavior of their subordinates when it comes to the imposition of changes within the organization

Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes Glucose Metabolism as a Therapeutic Target in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Metabolomic studies show that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with metabolic disruption that may be therapeutically targetable. Among them, glucose metabolism and glycolytic intermediaries seem to have an important role in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) phenotype and might contribute to early stage disease pathogenesis. RA FLS are transformed from quiescent to aggressive and metabolically active cells and several works have shown that glucose metabolism is increased in activated FLS. Glycolytic inhibitors reduce not only FLS aggressive phenotype in vitro but also decrease bone and cartilage damage in several murine models of arthritis. Essential glycolytic enzymes, including hexokinase 2 (HK2) and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase (PFKFB) enzymes, have important roles in FLS behavior. Of interest, HK2 is an inducible enzyme present only in the inflamed rheumatic tissues compared to osteoarthritis synovium. It is a contributor to glucose metabolism that could be selectively targeted without compromising systemic homeostasis as a novel approach for combination therapy independent of systemic immunosuppression. More information about metabolic targets that do not compromise global glucose metabolism in normal cells is needed

A linguagem do local e as rádios piratas : memória do episódio ‘Marcianos em Braga’

(Excerto) Há 25 anos, a publicação da lei da rádio, Lei 87/88, de 30 de julho, conhecida como a lei das rádios locais, iniciou um novo ciclo na atividade da radiodifusão em Portugal e pôs fim a um período efervescente de criação e dinamismo no setor, caraterizado pelo fenómeno das rádios piratas. A publicação da lei foi antecedida por um intenso debate na sociedade e nos fóruns políticos e também por iniciativas de protesto por parte dos operadores das rádios piratas, também chamadas de rádios livres. Apesar da discordância manifestada relativamente o processo, os operadores acataram as diretivas legais, e até ao dia 24 de dezembro de 1988 calaram as emissões enquanto aguardavam o resultado do concurso público de concessão de alvarás de licenciamento. Em 1989, pouco a pouco, e à medida que as 314 licenças foram sendo atribuídas, muitas destas rádios de âmbito local voltaram a emitir

Antioxidants in fish sperm and the potential role of melatonin

In recent years, the effects of novel antioxidants have played an important role in the research focusing on fish cell protection. As food demand grows, aquaculture production becomes more intensive, and fish are more exposed to oxidative stress conditions, like high densities, temperature shifting, frequent fish handling and samplings, and prophylactic or disease treatments, which expose fish to a different environment. Particularly in reproduction, germ cells lose antioxidant capacity with spermatogenesis, as spermatozoa are more prone to oxidative stress. Antioxidants have been used in a variety of fish physiological problems including in reproduction and in the establishment of cryopreservation protocols. From the most used antioxidants to natural plant food and herbs, and endogenously produced antioxidants, like melatonin, a review of the literature available in terms of their effects on the protection of fish spermatozoa is presented here in a classified structure. Several direct and indirect approaches to improve gamete quality using antioxidants administration are mentioned (through feed supplementation or by adding in cryopreservation media), as well as factors affecting the efficiency of these molecules and their mechanisms of action. Special attention is given to the unclear melatonin pathway and its potential scavenger activity to prevent and counteract oxidative stress damage on fish spermatozoa.This work was part of a PhD programme funded by the Portuguese FCT—Foundation for Science and Technology, through the grant SFRH/BD/148280/2019 to F.F, and by “Fundo Social Europeu”. It had also the contribution of projects ReproF1 and Serinova (Programa Operacional Mar2020, MAR-16-02-01-FMP-0059 and MAR-16-02-01-FMP-0064), Portuguese national funds from FCT (Foundation for Science and Technology) through projects UIDB/04326/2020 and PTDC/CVTCVT/4109/2020 (SpermAntiOx) and contract DL 57/2016/CP1361/CT0007 to C.C.V.O.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Usage of Data Augmentation Strategies on the Detection of Murmur Waves in a Pcg Signal

Cardiac auscultation is a key screening tool used for cardiovascular evaluation. When used properly, it speeds up treatment and thus improving the patient’s life quality. However, the analysis and interpretation of the heart sound signals is subjective and dependent of the physician’s experience and domain knowledge. A computer assistant decision (CAD) system that automatically analyse heart sound signals, can not only support physicians in their clinical decisions but also release human resources to other tasks. In this paper, and to the best of our knowledge, for the first time a SMOTE strategy is used to boost a Convolutional Neural Network performance on the detection of murmur waves. Using the SMOTE strategy, a CNN achieved an overall of 88.43%.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Efeitos de diferentes solventes e tempos na extracção de compostos antioxidantes presentes em avelãs (Corylus avellana L.)

Neste trabalho pretendeu-se estudar o efeito das condições experimentais sobre a extracção de fenóis totais presentes no miolo de avelã e na actividade antioxidante, de forma a avaliar o potencial destes frutos secos como fonte natural de antioxidantes. Foram testados três solventes (água em ebulição, metanol e acetona à temperatura ambiente) e vários tempos de contacto. Para cada situação, determinaram-se o rendimento de extracção, o teor em fenóis totais e o potencial antioxidante, avaliado pelo efeito bloqueador dos radicais livres de DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazilo). Os maiores rendimentos de extracção foram obtidos para os extractos de acetona, aumentando com o tempo de contacto. Em relação aos fenóis totais, estes foram quantificados no miolo de avelã em todos os ensaios realizados, demonstrando a existência desses compostos no fruto. As maiores concentrações de fenóis totais foram obtidas com a extracção com água em ebulição (44,3+7,7 mg equivalentes de ácido gálico/g extracto) e acetona (80%) durante 24 H (36,2+8,8 mg equivalentes de ácido gálico/gextracto). Em relação à actividade antioxidante, os extractos mais eficientes (com menores valores de EC50), foram os de acetona, variando entre 1,12 e 1,53 mg/ml

Estudo de dieta total piloto para avaliação da ingestão de nutrientes e da exposição a contaminantes: amostragem

Objetivo: Realização de um TDS piloto que visa implementar as metodologias harmonizadas a nível europeu no âmbito do projeto TDS_EXPOSURE. No presente trabalho descreve-se a metodologia para definição da amostragem do estudo, recolha e preparação das amostras e respetivos resultados.A realização deste estudo foi parcialmente financiada pelo 7º Programa Quadro da União Europeia para investigação, desenvolvimento tecnológico e demonstração (Grant agreement n°289108)

Dietary Patterns of the Portuguese Population with and Without Self-Reported Diabetes: Data from the Fourth National Health Interview Survey

Versão atualizada do artigo.Introduction: Given that it is not known how the dietary recommendations are followed in the diabetic population in Portugal, the general purpose of this work was to compare the dietary pattern reported by the Portuguese population with and without self-reported diabetes by combining self reported information about eating habits. Materials and methods: The study sample was derived from the fourth Portuguese National Health Interview Survey (n=41,193 respondents, aged 15 years and older living in private households). After excluding subjects with incomplete data, the study population comprised 2973 individuals with diabetes (1246 men; 1709 women) and 32244 individuals without diabetes (15536 men; 16708 women). Latent Class Analysis (LCA) statistical techniques were used to classify individuals in different groups. Results: Two latent classes: unhealthy dietary pattern (class 1) and healthy dietary pattern (class 2) were identified for people with and without diabetes. The highest proportion of participants was classified into the class of unhealthy dietary patterns both in individuals with and without diabetes. Analysis of the diet of people with and without diabetes was made including the following covariates: sex, age, marital status and education level. Conclusions: The magnitude of the association between class membership and some covariates yielded differences between diabetic and non diabetic groups. Taking into account the larger size of the class denoted by unhealthy dietary patterns, an important gap in dietary habits seems to emerge in this study and suggests that health promotion activities should be tailored to improve dietary patterns of both people with and without diabetes