History of science and science museums: an enriching partnership for elementary school science

The activity presented in this article is intended for elementary school students and focus on the pioneering oceanographic work of the Portuguese King Carlos I. This activity involves the exploration of the exhibits belonging to two different science museums, the Aquarium Vasco da Gama and the Maritime Museum. Students were asked to study fish adaptations to deep sea, through the exploration of a fictional story, also based on historical data from the work of the King that served as a guiding script for all the subsequent tasks. In both museums, students had access to observations of: historical collections of organisms, oceanographic biological sampling instruments, fish gears and ships. They could also observe the characteristics and adaptations of diverse deep-sea fish species. The present study aimed to analyse the impact of this activity on students’ scientific knowledge, on their understanding of the nature of science and on the development of transversal skills. All students considered the project very interesting. The obtained results suggest that the activity promoted not only the understanding of scientific concepts, but also the development of knowledge about science itself and the construction of scientific knowledge. This emphasizes the relevance of creating activities informed by the history of science. As a final remark we suggest that the partnership between elementary schools and museums should be seen as an educational project approach, in which the teacher has to assume a key, mediating role between the school and the museums.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Revisão sistemática da literatura

Este trabalho surge no âmbito do Mestrado em Educação Especial: domínio cognitivo-motor e visa estudar o uso dos materiais manipuláveis na aprendizagem da Matemática de crianças com Necessidades Educativas (NE). Seguindo os princípios metodológicos de uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL) e as orientações PRISMA Statement, recorreu-se à B-on, ao RCAAP e à SciELO, para investigar publicações divulgadas entre janeiro de 2018 e dezembro de 2020, em inglês, português e espanhol. Consideraram-se como critérios de inclusão: i) a natureza dos artigos (projetos de intervenção pedagógica/ ações na escola que envolvessem a operacionalização dos materiais manipuláveis na disciplina de Matemática junto de crianças do 1.º CEB); ii) estudos focados em melhorar o desempenho dos alunos, de índole quantitativa ou qualitativa; iii) estudos com peer-reviewed, de acesso gratuito e iv) estudos publicados nos últimos 3 anos, redigidos em Português (Portugal e Brasil), Inglês e Espanhol. Dos 611 artigos encontrados, selecionaram-se e analisaram-se os 3 que cumpriam todos os critérios. Os resultados revelaram estudos quasi-experimentais e o recurso a uma intervenção matemática do tipo Concreto-Representacional-Abstrato (CRA) com alunos matriculados no ensino básico (3.º e 4.º anos) e incluídos numa estrutura de prevenção de fracasso à disciplina. A análise dos resultados permite-nos inferir que os alunos com NE terão beneficiado das intervenções com recurso à CRA e a materiais manipuláveis na exploração dos conteúdos matemáticos em estudo. Contudo, estes resultados ficam longe das mais atuais e inovadoras práticas pedagógicas, no âmbito da educação matemática e da educação inclusiva. Esta evidência leva-nos a refletir sobre a importância de adequar práticas educativas inclusivas concordantes com o defendido pela comunidade científica: valorizar o aluno em contexto natural/educativo e promover o desenvolvimento de competências matemáticas recorrendo a práticas e ações multifatoriais de todos os intervenientes. Mais estudos são necessários para discutir o potencial educativo dos materiais manipuláveis nas crianças com NE alicerçados numa perspetiva de multiculturalidade e diversidade educativa

Efficiency of microfinance institutions : analysis of Southern African Development Community (SADC) member countries

Microfinance is seen as an important tool for financial inclusion and the fight against poverty because it has both a social and financial focus. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the financial and social efficiency of 18 microfinance institutions (MFIs) in the year 2016 from 8 member countries of the Southern African Development Community (SADC). The methodology chosen is the data envelopment analysis (DEA) with variable returns to scale (VRS) using an input-oriented production approach. The results indicate higher scores of financial efficiency than social efficiency. This may suggest that microfinance institutions adopt a more institutionalist approach over the welfarist approach. We also find evidence that providing financial services to women or the entire disadvantaged population is profitable. However, non-bank financial institutions (NBFIs) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are more efficient in this regard than credit unions or banksinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Consulta de enfermagem de saúde mental e psiquiátrica em contexto domiciliário

O presente relatório pretende traduzir o percurso formativo que desenvolvi no âmbito do Mestrado em Enfermagem de Natureza Profissional na Área de Especialização em Enfermagem de Saúde Mental e Psiquiátrica. Deste percurso faz parte a componente curricular e a sua aplicação ao estágio que realizei, na Unidade Comunitária de Cuidados Psiquiátricos de Odivelas, local onde exerço funções e onde tive oportunidade de dar início a uma nova abordagem de Enfermagem em Saúde Mental e Psiquiatria – sistematizar a consulta de enfermagem de saúde mental psiquiátrica em contexto domiciliário. De modo a tornar exequível a sistematização desta consulta, estabeleci como estratégia organizar duas fases importantes neste processo: A primeira relativa ao planeamento, que decorreu no módulo I do estágio e a segunda que decorreu no módulo III e visou a implementação da consulta de enfermagem de saúde mental psiquiátrica no domicílio. No que diz respeito ao planeamento desta consulta foi importante efectuar o diagnóstico de situação, desenvolver um conjunto de instrumentos de apoio e orientação para a consulta e desenvolver estratégias de articulação efectivas com outras estruturas da comunidade. Quanto à implementação da mesma foi útil mobilizar os instrumentos elaborados no momento do planeamento e dinamizar a rede de articulação como forma de apoiar o utente e família com necessidades em saúde mental. Para avaliar a implementação da consulta de enfermagem de saúde mental psiquiátrica no domicílio auscultei a satisfação dos utilizadores desta consulta operacionalizada em quatro dimensões acessibilidade, efectividade, continuidade e aspectos interpessoais. O desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional que vivenciei no decorrer deste percurso formativo foi enquadrado pela minha particular sensibilidade à intervenção em enfermagem de saúde mental e psiquiátrica na comunidade. Tendo em conta os objectivos estabelecidos, as actividades desenvolvidas e a reflexão crítica efectuada procurarei demonstrar, neste relatório que aprofundei e adquiri as competências inerentes ao perfil do enfermeiro especialista em saúde mental e psiquiátrica, tal como preconizado no plano de estudos deste curso e aprovado pela Ordem dos Enfermeiros.This report is intended to demonstrate the training path that I developed in the Masters of Nursing in a professional nature in the area of specialization in Mental Health Nursing and Psychiatry. This route is part of the curriculum component and its application to the stage that I made in the ―Unidade Comunitária de Cuidados Psiquiátricos de Odivelas‖, where I practice, and where I had the opportunity to initiate a new approach to mental health nursing - a systematic consultation of psychiatric mental health in the home. In order to make possible the systematization of this consultation, I established as a strategy to organize two important stages in this process: the first relating to planning, which took place in Stage I of the internship and the second held in Module III and aimed at implementing the psychiatric mental health consultation in the home. For the planning of the consultation in the home, it was important to make the diagnosis of the situation, develop a set of support tools and guidance for consultation, and develop strategies for effective liaison with other community facilities. For the implementation of outpatient the consultation, it was helpful mobilizing the instruments developed at the time of planning and energize the network of advocacy as a way of supporting users and families with mental health needs. To evaluate the implementation of the consult, I conducted an instrument, that sought to know the opinion of the users of this consultation, in four dimensions: accessibility, effectiveness, continuity and interpersonal aspects. The personal and professional development that I experienced during this formative journey was framed by my particular sensitivity to the intervention in mental health nursing and psychiatric in the community. Taking into account the objectives, the activities and critical thinking that I have made. This report shows that I have acquired and deepened the skills related to the profile of nurse specialist in psychiatric and mental health, as outlined in the syllabus of this course and approved by the Order of Nurses

O envelhecimento e a adequação das respostas sociais - Centro de Dia da SCML - no âmbito da saúde mental: realidades e desafios para o Serviço Social

A presente dissertação sistematiza informação e conhecimento sobre as respostas sociais da Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Lisboa, nomeadamente a valência de Centro de Dia, e se as mesmas se encontram adequadas ao problema da saúde mental entre a população mais envelhecida. A escolha desde tema torna-se pertinente e atual, tendo em conta o crescente envelhecimento demográfico, quer no contexto nacional como internacional. Associado ao Envelhecimento da população estão as questões de saúde e saúde mental. Esta conjugação de fatores levou-nos a refletir e a identificar que tipos de cuidados são prestados, que constrangimentos são sentidos, que dificuldades têm as equipas e os cuidadores e quais as sugestões de melhoria. Este conhecimento, alicerçado num quadro teórico de referência, pretende levantar algumas pistas de reflexão para repensar a intervenção e requalificar esta resposta junto dos beneficiários. A metodologia utilizada nesta pesquisa teve uma abordagem mista, suportada pelo uso de métodos quantitativos e complementada pelo uso de métodos qualitativos, através da aplicação de inquéritos por questionário e entrevistas semiestruturadas. A presente investigação conclui que os prestadores de cuidados aos utentes da SCML com doença mental, apresentam maior dificuldade na prestação dos mesmos, devido à falta de formação contínua e específica bem como à insuficiente integração de outras áreas profissionais nas equipas de CD.This dissertation systematizes information and knowledge about the social responses of the Santa Casa da Misericordia de Lisboa, in particular the valence Day Care Center, and if the same are adequate to the problem of mental health among the ageing population. The choice of this theme becomes relevant and actual, considering the growing of the aging population, either in the national as international context. Associated to an ageing population are health and mental health issues. This combination of factors led us to reflect and to identify what kind of care is provided, which constraints are felt, what difficulties have teams and caregivers and what improvement suggestions are made. This knowledge, based on a theoretical framework, aims to raise some issues for consideration to rethink the intervention and requalify this response to beneficiaries. The methodology used in this study had a mixed, supported approach through the use of quantitative methods and complemented by the use of qualitative methods by the application of questionnaire surveys and semi-structured interviews. This research concludes that care providers to SCML users with a mental illness have more difficulty in providing those cares due to lack of continuous and specific training and due to the insufficient integration of other professional areas in the Day Care Center teams

Os enfermeiros enquanto agentes de educação para a saúde: validação da escala de práticas e comportamentos de educação para a saúde

Apresentamos o estudo da validade e fidelidade da Escala de Práticas e Comportamentos de Educação para a Saúde (EPCEPS). Neste estudo exploratório, quantitativo e transversal utilizou-se uma amostra não probabilística, acidental, de 301 enfermeiros (38 homens e 263 mulheres) que trabalhavam em instituições de saúde (198 em Hospitais e 103 em Centros de Saúde) no Distrito de Leiria, em Setembro de 2007. A média de idades foi de 37,49 anos (s=8,60) e do tempo de exercício profissional foi de 13,98 anos (s=8,27). A EPCEPS é constituída por sete factores, que explicam 71,85% da variância total. Todos os itens têm uma saturação superior a 0,465 e não se verificam correlações simultâneas com dois factores em que a distância entre ambos os valores seja inferior a 0,1. O coeficiente de Cronbach (=0,939) indicou uma boa consistência interna dos itens na avaliação do construto. Conclui-se que a estrutura da escala é pertinente e a sua utilização é uma possibilidade para desenvolver o conhecimento das práticas e comportamentos de Educação para a Saúde mais frequentemente adoptados pelos enfermeiros, auxiliando a reflexão sobre as formas de planear e executar acções de desenvolvimento de competências específicas

Determinants of tannin-rich food and beverage consumption: oral perception vs. psychosocial aspects.

Diets rich in fruits and vegetables are usually associated with lower risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Besides fibre, this has been primarily linked to the presence of polyphenols, including tannins, which have antioxidant properties. However, these compounds also have adverse effects; for example, on the absorption of iron (Fe), and possibly other trace minerals. Food preferences and consumption are determined by a conjugation of diverse factors. Perception at oral cavity level plays a major role in influencing preferences for tannin-rich foods: first, these items are characterised by their production of astringent sensations and bitter taste, which, at higher levels, induce aversion; second, salivary proteins interact with tannins, modulating their post-ingestive effects. Additionally, food choices largely depend on psychological and social factors. Beliefs, habits, values, and past experiences have a major influence on the foods selected. The present chapter aims to review the potential roles of physiological, including sensory and post-ingestive, factors, as well as psychosocial factors, on intake of tannin-rich foods and beverages. The nutritional relevance of tannins, including the principal food and beverage sources of tannins, and the positive and negative health effects, will be reviewed. Focus will be placed on the involvement of oral cavity in the choices of tannin-containing products, including the importance of astringency perception and how such perception is linked to individual oral cavity medium and salivary protein profiles. Finally, and due to the importance of hedonics in the final food choices, psychosocial determinants of food intake in general and of polyphenol-rich food consumption in particular (cognitive, affective, and behavioural dimensions) will be presented

Análisis del clima organizacional de La Empresa Nakamura Consultora S.A.C. en el periodo 2017

El presente trabajo de investigación ha sido desarrollado para describir las principales características del clima organizacional en Nakamura S.A.C. en el periodo mencionado a través de la percepción que tienen los miembros de la comunidad empresarial. El trabajo de campo se realizó sobre una muestra aleatoria constituida por trabajadores de las diferentes áreas de la empresa, y a partir de los resultados muestrales generalizarlos a toda la población con una probabilidad de éxito del 95%. Las conclusiones nos han permitido establecer las posibles causas que originan un inadecuado clima organizacional, así como determinar preliminarmente los efectos si estas causas no son superadas. Finalmente se proponen recomendaciones para dar solución a las características del clima organizacional en Nakamura Consultora S.A.C. y que la investigación deberá profundizarse a fin de determinar y desarrollar las mejores alternativas de solución a este problema, lo que si queda establecido en esta investigación es que Nakamura Consultora S.A.C. presenta en el 2017 un clima organizacional desacertado.The present research work entitled "Organizational Climate in the Company Nakamura Consultora S.A.C. in the period 2017 "has been developed to describe the main characteristics of the organizational climate in Nakamura S.A.C. in the period mentioned through the perception that members of the business community have. The field work was carried out on a random sample consisting of workers from different areas of the company, and based on the sample results, generalized to the entire population with a 95% probability of success. The conclusions have allowed us to establish the possible causes that originate an inadequate organizational climate, as well as to preliminarily determine the effects if these causes are not overcome. Finally, recommendations are proposed to solve the characteristics of the organizational climate in Nakamura Consultora S.A.C. with the exception that it is an exploratory investigation and that the investigation should be deepened in order to determine and develop the best alternatives for solving this problem, what is established in this investigation is that Nakamura Consultora S.A.C. presents an unfortunate organizational climate in 2017

When a Goitre is a Thyroid Lymphoma

Primary thyroid lymphoma is a rare cause of both thyroid malignancy and extra-nodal lymphoma. It typically presents as a rapidly enlarging goitre with compressive symptoms. Histological analysis of a biopsy specimen is necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Awareness of this disease is important for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. A 55-year-old man was admitted due to a 3-month history of cervical enlargement, facial and periorbital oedema and dyspnoea, apparently due to a superior vena cava syndrome. However, cervical ultrasound showed asymmetrical thyroid enlargement, lobulated contours and a hypoechogenic texture. A neck CT scan showed calibre reduction of the superior vena cava. The diagnosis of primary thyroid lymphoma was confirmed by open biopsy of the thyroid gland. The patient started treatment with rituximab with clinical improvement

Processing zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) with low UV-C radiation

Recent developments regarding the antimicrobial properties of certain types of light sources have promoted a growing interest in these applications, especially with concern to their potentialities for food processing. Ultraviolet radiation in the range of 200-280 nm is lethal to most microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and yeasts. Fresh and artificially contaminated zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.), whole and cut into triangular prisms, was exposed to UV-C lamps (Philips TUV-TL mini 8W) for different periods of time with the objective of quantifying the germicidal effect of this treatment. Triangular prism cut samples of zucchini were processed for 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15 min with different energy discharges of UV-C radiation, respectively 2.1 and 8.4 watts, whereas whole zucchini were strategically exposed for maximum time/radiation conditions (15 min - 8.4W) due to larger surface area treatments. In freshly cut samples, total counts of mesophilic bacteria were assayed, although in the case of whole vegetables, these were initially inoculated with commercial strains of Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, and consequently assayed for presence of this specific microorganism. In both cases, UV-C exposure significantly reduced microbial activity, however, in relation to the freshly cut samples, after initial reduction of mesophilic bacteria, observations of photoreactivation between 7.5 and 12.5 min were registered, with significant counts at 10 min. Decrease in bacterial growth was once again evidenced between 10 and 12.5 min but not confirmed at 15 min of exposure. As for whole contaminated vegetables, approximately 2 logarithmic reductions of the target microorganism (Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212) were achieved