Coexistence of two sympatric cryptic bat species in French Guiana: insights from genetic, acoustic and ecological data

International audienceBackground: The distinction between lineages of neotropical bats from the Pteronotus parnellii species complex has been previously made according to mitochondrial DNA, and especially morphology and acoustics, in order to separate them into two species. In these studies, either sample sizes were too low when genetic and acoustic or morphological data were gathered on the same individuals, or genetic and other data were collected on different individuals. In this study, we intensively sampled bats in 4 caves and combined all approaches in order to analyse genetic, morphologic, and acoustic divergence between these lineages that live in the same caves in French Guiana

Parasitisme et structuration génétique et spatiale : exemple chez le mouflon méditerranéen, Ovis gmelini musimon x Ovis sp

Using as a case study the Mediterranean mouflon (Ovis gmelini musimon × Ovis sp.), we aimed at better understanding how are linked genetic diversity, individual behaviour, gene flows and parasitic dynamic. Using population and landscape genetics approaches, we showed that the spatial genetic structure of the studied population was determined by its introduction history, its socio-spatial structure and the landscape in which it evolves. Given the impact of these elements on mouflon gene flow, we expected them to also determine parasite transmission in the population. Our results nevertheless evidenced that parasite are better dispersed than mouflon genes. Finally, we showed that host resistance to parasites depends on neutral and adaptive genetic diversity, and more specifically on heterozygosity at a immunity-linked locus. Our results precisely describe genetic variability spatial distribution and its link with sanitary risks in the studied population, bringing crucial information for wild sheep population management and conservation in the current context of global changes and disease reemergence.En utilisant comme cas d’étude le mouflon Méditerranéen (Ovis gmelini musimon × Ovis sp.), les objectifs de cette thèse étaient de mieux comprendre comment sont liés diversité génétique, comportement des individus, flux de gènes et dynamique parasitaire. Au travers d’approches de génétique des populations et de génétique du paysage, nous avons pu mettre en évidence que la structure génétique spatiale de la population étudiée était impactée par son histoire d’introduction, sa structure socio-spatiale et le paysage dans lequel elle évolue. Etant donné l’impact de ces divers éléments sur les flux de gènes des mouflons, nous nous attendions à ce qu’ils déterminent également les flux de parasites dans la population. Nos résultats ont, au contraire, révélé que les parasites circulent mieux que les gènes de mouflons dans la population. Enfin, nous avons montré que les capacités de résistance des hôtes face à leurs parasites dépendaient de la diversité génétique neutre et adaptative, notamment de l’hétérozygotie d’un gène lié à l’immunité. Les résultats de ce travail décrivent avec précision la distribution de la variabilité génétique et son lien avec les risques sanitaires dans la population d’étude, apportant ainsi des informations cruciales pour la mise en place de stratégies de gestion et de conservation des populations de mouflons dans le contexte actuel de changements globaux et de réémergences de maladies

Parasitism and spatial genetic structure : Example of the Mediteranean Mouflon, Ovis gmelini musimon x Ovis sp.

En utilisant comme cas d’étude le mouflon Méditerranéen (Ovis gmelini musimon × Ovis sp.), les objectifs de cette thèse étaient de mieux comprendre comment sont liés diversité génétique, comportement des individus, flux de gènes et dynamique parasitaire. Au travers d’approches de génétique des populations et de génétique du paysage, nous avons pu mettre en évidence que la structure génétique spatiale de la population étudiée était impactée par son histoire d’introduction, sa structure socio-spatiale et le paysage dans lequel elle évolue. Etant donné l’impact de ces divers éléments sur les flux de gènes des mouflons, nous nous attendions à ce qu’ils déterminent également les flux de parasites dans la population. Nos résultats ont, au contraire, révélé que les parasites circulent mieux que les gènes de mouflons dans la population. Enfin, nous avons montré que les capacités de résistance des hôtes face à leurs parasites dépendaient de la diversité génétique neutre et adaptative, notamment de l’hétérozygotie d’un gène lié à l’immunité. Les résultats de ce travail décrivent avec précision la distribution de la variabilité génétique et son lien avec les risques sanitaires dans la population d’étude, apportant ainsi des informations cruciales pour la mise en place de stratégies de gestion et de conservation des populations de mouflons dans le contexte actuel de changements globaux et de réémergences de maladies.Using as a case study the Mediterranean mouflon (Ovis gmelini musimon × Ovis sp.), we aimed at better understanding how are linked genetic diversity, individual behaviour, gene flows and parasitic dynamic. Using population and landscape genetics approaches, we showed that the spatial genetic structure of the studied population was determined by its introduction history, its socio-spatial structure and the landscape in which it evolves. Given the impact of these elements on mouflon gene flow, we expected them to also determine parasite transmission in the population. Our results nevertheless evidenced that parasite are better dispersed than mouflon genes. Finally, we showed that host resistance to parasites depends on neutral and adaptive genetic diversity, and more specifically on heterozygosity at a immunity-linked locus. Our results precisely describe genetic variability spatial distribution and its link with sanitary risks in the studied population, bringing crucial information for wild sheep population management and conservation in the current context of global changes and disease reemergence

Atlantic seep mussels larval dispersal simulations and genetic data

These data aim at evaluating the hypothesis of long-distance dispersal across the North Atlantic and the Equatorial Atlantic belt for the cold seep mussels Gigantidas childressi, G. mauritanicus, Bathymodiolus heckerae and B. boomerang. We combined mitochondrial Cox1 barcoding of some mussel specimens from both sides of the Atlantic (American vs European/African margins) with larval dispersal trajectories simulated from the VIKING20X model of the Atlantic circulation at a spatial scale not yet investigated. Larval dispersal modelling data correspond to transports of larvae over one year in surface waters from 21 geographic localities over 5 consecutive years (2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019) and 5 spawning dates (November, December, January, February and March) per year. Genetic data correspond to the geo-referenced sequences obtained for the 4 mussel species from some of the localities where larvae have been released during the modelling approach

Genetic connectivity maps for deep sea vent and cold-seep fauna and cold-water corals from the North Atlantic

In order to better describe both ancient and contemporary migratory flows associated with the North Atlantic abyssal fauna as part of the EC H2020 iAtlantic project, this dataset provides a collection of connectivity maps for several engineer species from hydrothermal springs on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, from mussels of cold seeps on both sides of the Atlantic and, from deep-water corals in the NE Atlantic. These maps and the associated migrant flow matrices are derived from several demogenetic model analyses (dadi, moments and divmigrate) using multi-locus genotype data derived from a sub-sampling of the genomes of these target species. For each species, the dataset includes a series of shapefiles with a pdf map, the file of the geographic coordinates of the studied localities with a flow matrix, as well as the file of the multi-locus genotypes used to carry out the genetic analysis of the populations and establish the migratory flows

Landscape genetics matches with behavioral ecology and brings new insight on the functional connectivity in Mediterranean mouflon

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Mouflon Ovis gmelini Blyth, 1841

35 Pág.This comprehensive species-specific chapter covers all aspects of the mammalian biology, including paleontology, physiology, genetics, reproduction and development, ecology, habitat, diet, mortality, and behavior. The economic significance and management of mammals and future challenges for research and conservation are addressed as well. The chapter includes a distribution map, a photograph of the animal, and a list of key literature.We would like also to thank the Minister of Agriculture, Rural Development and Environment of the Republic of Cyprus (Dr. Kostas Kadis), the Senior Officer of the Ministry of Agriculture Rural Development and Environment (Dr. Marina Michaelidou Kadi), and the Director of the Agricultural Research Institute (Dr. Dora Chimonidou) for their support. JSM is supported by grant AGL2017-85753-R (AEI/FEDER, UE).Peer reviewe

Genotypes

Column 1 : individuals, Columns 2 - 16 : genotypes, 1 allele is coded by 3 digit