Influence des polymorphismes génétiques du TNFa et de l IL1b sur le développement du carcinome hépatocellulaire et le décès chez des patients atteints d une cirrhose alcoolique ou liée au virus de l hépatite C

Certains polymorphismes génétiques de cytokines pro-inflammatoires augmentant l expression des gènes ont été décrits dans les promoteurs de TNFa (Tumor Necrosis Factor a) et l IL1b (Interleukine 1b). Le but de ce travail a été d étudier le rôle des polymorphismes G-238A, G-308A et C-863A dans le promoteur du gène de TNFa et les polymorphismes T-31C et C-511T du gène de l IL1b dans la survenue du CHC (carcinome hépatocellulaire) chez 230 patients atteints d une cirrhose alcoolique et chez 253 patients atteints d une cirrhose virale C. Les résultats obtenus chez les patients alcooliques montraient une survenue précoce du CHC ainsi que de la mort chez les individus portant l allèle TNF-238A et l allèle IL1-511C, respectivement. De même, nous avons montré qu il existait un risque accru de décès chez les patients avec cirrhose virale C et porteurs d au moins un allèle TNF-308A. En conclusion, les polymorphismes génétiques augmentant l expression de TNFa et de l IL1b sembleraient favoriser l évolution de la cirrhose alcoolique ou liée au virus de l hépatite C vers le CHC.DIJON-BU Médecine Pharmacie (212312103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Ancient and Modern Wheat Varieties: A Trade-Off between Soil Co2 Emissions and Crop Yield?

International audienceHumanity is facing two great challenges: produce enough food for a growing population and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, we investigated the choice of specific wheat varieties to improve carbon storage in soil while producing enough grain to assure food security. We hypothesize that ancient wheat varieties could store more carbon than modern ones, due to a likely bigger and deeper root system or to more recalcitrant root organic matter. We conducted a field experiment with four modern and four ancient wheat varieties, on four different sites chosen for their different soil properties. Root morphology was assessed by image analysis and potential CO 2 emissions by incubating soil and roots from each agronomic modality for 60 days. Since in situ carbon storage is not possible to detect in one year and since wheat is included in crop rotations that prevent repeating the same experiment for several years in the same place, we estimated expected CO 2 emissions by calculating the quantity of CO 2 that would have been emitted for one square meter, given the measured amount of root organic matter. The yield was also measured for ancient and modern varieties. The breeding type (ancient versus modern varieties) affected root length in two of our four sites, with longer roots for ancient varieties, but it did not affect other root traits such as biomass. The breeding type also affected CO 2 emissions, with higher measured CO 2 emissions for modern than ancient varieties in Arenic Cambisol conditions (Morvan), and higher estimated (considering root biomass variations) CO 2 emissions for modern varieties in Rendzic Leptosol conditions (Saint Romain). Root traits and CO 2 emissions were also dependent on the soil properties of the different sites. We did not find any significant differences in grain yield between ancient and modern varieties. A possible trade-off between carbon storage and grain production was expected, but our results suggest that some types of soil can support both high yield and C storage, especially those with an important depth, a neutral pH and a fine texture

Ancient and modern wheat varieties: A trade‐off between soil CO2 emissions and grain yield?

Abstract Introduction Humanity is facing two great challenges: producing enough food for a growing population and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, we investigated the choice of specific wheat varieties to improve carbon storage in soil while producing enough grain to assure food security. We hypothesize that ancient wheat varieties could store more carbon than modern ones, due to a likely bigger and deeper root system or to more recalcitrant root organic matter. Materials and Methods We conducted a field experiment with four modern and four ancient wheat varieties, on four different sites with contrasted soil properties. Root morphology was assessed by image analysis and potential CO2 emissions by incubation for 60 days. Since in situ carbon storage differences between ancient and modern varieties were expected to be weak and not cumulated due to rotation, we estimated expected CO2 emissions from root biomass and potential CO2 emissions. The grain yield was also measured. Results The breeding type (ancient vs. modern varieties) affected root length in two of our four sites, with longer roots for ancient varieties, but it did not affect other root traits such as biomass. The breeding type also affected CO2 emissions, with higher measured CO2 emissions for modern than ancient varieties in Arenic Cambisol conditions (Morvan), and higher estimated (considering root biomass variations) CO2 emissions for modern varieties in Rendzic Leptosol conditions (Saint Romain). Root traits and estimated CO2 emissions were also dependent on the soil properties of the different sites. We did not find any significant differences in grain yield between ancient and modern varieties. Conclusion A possible trade‐off between carbon storage and grain production was expected, but our results suggest that some types of soil can support both high grain yield and C storage, especially those with an important depth, a neutral pH and a fine texture

Current Issues in Developmental Disorders

Figure S3. Apoptosis of photoreceptors in Bbs10 −/− mice. Immunofluorescence of 7 µm thick retinal sections from Bbs10 +/+ and Bbs10 −/− mice. Fluorescence signal in green correspond to TUNEL signal and in blue the nuclei counterstained with DAPI

Surgical treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations: clinical outcomes of patients included in the registry of a pragmatic randomized trial

International audienceOBJECTIVE The Treatment of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations Study (TOBAS) is a pragmatic study that includes 2 randomized trials and registries of treated or conservatively managed patients. The authors report the results of the surgical registry. METHODS TOBAS patients are managed according to an algorithm that combines clinical judgment and randomized allocation. For patients considered for curative treatment, clinicians selected from surgery, endovascular therapy, or radiation therapy as the primary curative method, and whether observation was a reasonable alternative. When surgery was selected and observation was deemed unreasonable, the patient was not included in the randomized controlled trial but placed in the surgical registry. The primary outcome of the trial was mRS score > 2 at 10 years (at last follow-up for the current report). Secondary outcomes include angiographic results, perioperative serious adverse events, and permanent treatment-related complications leading to mRS score > 2. RESULTS From June 2014 to May 2021, 1010 patients were recruited at 30 TOBAS centers. Surgery was selected for 229/512 patients (44%) considered for curative treatment; 77 (34%) were included in the surgery versus observation randomized trial and 152 (66%) were placed in the surgical registry. Surgical registry patients had 124/152 (82%) ruptured and 28/152 (18%) unruptured arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), with the majority categorized as low-grade Spetzler-Martin grade I–II AVM (118/152 [78%]). Thirteen patients were excluded, leaving 139 patients for analysis. Embolization was performed prior to surgery in 78/139 (56%) patients. Surgical angiographic cure was obtained in 123/139 all-grade (89%, 95% CI 82%–93%) and 105/110 low-grade (95%, 95% CI 90%–98%) AVM patients. At the mean follow-up of 18.1 months, 16 patients (12%, 95% CI 7%–18%) had reached the primary safety outcome of mRS score > 2, including 11/16 who had a baseline mRS score ≥ 3 due to previous AVM rupture. Serious adverse events occurred in 29 patients (21%, 95% CI 15%–28%). Permanent treatment-related complications leading to mRS score > 2 occurred in 6/139 patients (4%, 95% CI 2%–9%), 5 (83%) of whom had complications due to preoperative embolization. CONCLUSIONS The surgical treatment of brain AVMs in the TOBAS registry was curative in 88% of patients. The participation of more patients, surgeons, and centers in randomized trials is needed to definitively establish the role of surgery in the treatment of unruptured brain AVMs. Clinical trial registration no.: NCT02098252 ( ClinicalTrials.gov

Patient Selection in a Pragmatic Study on the Management of Patients with Brain Arteriovenous Malformations

The Treatment of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations Study (TOBAS) is an all-inclusive pragmatic study comprising 2 randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Patients excluded from the RCTs are followed in parallel treatment and observation registries, allowing a comparison between RCT and registry patients

Successful Thrombectomy Improves Functional Outcome in Tandem Occlusions with a Large Ischemic Core

International audienceBackground: Emergent stenting in tandem occlusions and mechanical thrombectomy (MT) of acute ischemic stroke related to large vessel occlusion (LVO-AIS) with a large core are tested independently. We aim to assess the impact of reperfusion with MT in patients with LVO-AIS with a large core and a tandem occlusion and to compare the safety of reperfusion between large core with tandem and nontandem occlusions in current practice. Methods: We analyzed data of all consecutive patients included in the prospective Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke Registry in France between January 2015 and March 2023 who presented with a pretreatment ASPECTS (Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score) of 0–5 and angiographically proven tandem occlusion. The primary end point was a favorable outcome defined by a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–3 at 90 days. Results: Among 262 included patients with a tandem occlusion and ASPECTS 0–5, 203 patients (77.5%) had a successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction grade 2b-3). Reperfused patients had a favorable shift in the overall mRS score distribution (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.57 [1.22–2.03]; P < 0.001), higher rates of mRS score 0–3 (aOR, 7.03 [2.60–19.01]; P < 0.001) and mRS score 0–2 at 90 days (aOR, 3.85 [1.39–10.68]; P = 0.009) compared with nonreperfused. There was a trend between the occurrence of successful reperfusion and a decreased rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (aOR, 0.5 [0.22–1.13]; P = 0.096). Similar safety outcomes were observed after large core reperfusion in tandem and nontandem occlusions. Conclusions: Successful reperfusion was associated with a higher rate of favorable outcome in large core LVO-AIS with a tandem occlusion, with a safety profile similar to nontandem occlusion