Connect Cascade Locks: A Trails Plan for Economic Development

Located in the heart of the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area, the City of Cascade Locks is a point of entry for regional and national trail systems. Recreational development opportunities abound for the community including mountain biking, hiking, sailing, bird watching, road biking, wind surfing, fishing, and camping. As the only city located directly on the Pacific Crest Trail, Cascade Locks sees thousands of hikers pass through every year. The Historic Columbia River Highway, a National Scenic Byway, draws in bicyclists and motorists from across the region. With these opportunities in mind, Celilo Planning Studio worked with the Port of Cascade Locks to develop a plan that identifies potential areas for economic growth. The purpose of Connect Cascade Locks is to increase the economic development prospects of the community of Cascade Locks through a regionally integrated recreational trails network. Connect Cascade Locks focuses on increasing access to regional trails in town, trail stewardship, identifying goods and services that trail users desire, developing opportunities for local businesses, and recognizing existing local attractions. This plan capitalizes on existing opportunities as well as the enthusiasm of the Cascade Locks community to help revitalize the town. Connect Cascade Locks has already galvanized partner organizations such as the Port and ODOT to start planning new trails and outdoor recreation opportunities in Cascade Locks. The plan is also available at: www.portofcascadelocks.org. This project was conducted under the supervision of Ethan Seltzer and Gil Kelley

Attitudes and Performance: An Analysis of Russian Workers

This paper investigates the relationship between locus of control and performance among Russian employees, using survey data collected at 28 workplaces in 2002 in Taganrog and at 47 workplaces in 2003 in Ekaterinburg. We develop a measure that allows us to categorize the Russian employees participating in our survey as exhibiting an internal or external locus of control. We then assess the extent to which there are significant differences between “internals” and “externals” in work-related attitudes that may affect performance. In particular, we focus on (1) attitudes about outcomes associated with hard work, (2) level of job satisfaction, (3) expectation of receiving a desired reward, and (4) loyalty to and involvement with one’s organization. In each case we identify where gender and generational differences emerge. Our main objective is to determine whether Russian employees who exhibit an internal locus of control perform better than employees with an external locus of control. Our performance measures include earnings, expected promotions, and assessments of the quantity and quality of work in comparison to others at the same organization doing a similar job. Controlling for a variety of worker characteristics, we find that (1) individuals who exhibit an internal locus of control perform better, but this result is not always statistically significant; (2) even among “internals,” women earn significantly less than men and have a much lower expectation of promotion; (3) even among “internals,” experience with unemployment has a negative influence on performance.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/40144/3/wp758.pd

ENRAIZAMENTO DE ESTACAS CAULINARES DE BRINCO-DE-PRINCESA COM DIFERENTES COMPRIMENTOS

Fuchsia regia, conhecida como brinco-de-princesa, é nativa do Brasil, sendo cultivada como ornamental nas regiões Sul e Sudeste do país. A demanda por espécies ornamentais tem crescido ao longo dos anos, devido à utilização no paisagismo, gerando aumento no uso de técnicas de propagação vegetativa. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o enraizamento de estacas caulinares de F. regia com diferentes comprimentos. Ramos semilenhosos de F. regia foram coletados e confeccionadas estacas com 7, 14 e 21 cm de comprimento, com corte em bisel na base e reto acima da última gema axilar, sendo mantido um par de folhas no ápice. O plantio foi realizado em tubetes contendo vermiculita de granulometria fina como substrato. O experimento foi conduzido em casa-de-vegetação com nebulização intermitente. Aos 40 dias após a instalação do experimento foram avaliadas as variáveis: porcentagem de estacas enraizadas, número de raízes formadas por estaca e comprimento das três maiores raízes, massa fresca e seca das raízes (g), porcentagem de estacas com brotações, número de brotações formadas por estaca e porcentagem de estacas com folhas retidas. Foi observada média de 97,08% de estacas enraizadas, não sendo verificada diferença significativa entre os tratamentos. Estacas de 14 cm apresentaram resultados superiores aos demais tratamentos para o número médio de raízes (29,69) e porcentagem de estacas com brotações (93,75%). Conclui-se que o comprimento da estaca não afeta o enraizamento desta espécie, sendo a Fuchsia regia considerada de fácil enraizamento.Fuchsia regia, called earring princess, is native to Brazil and cultivated as ornamental species in the south and southwest regions of this country. The demand for ornamental species has been increasing during last years, due to their use in landscape gardening. Techniques of vegetative propagation are thus frequently used to supply plant material. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the rooting of F. regia stem cuttings of several sizes. Semi-hardwood ramifications of F. regia were collected and cuttings with 7, 14 and 21 cm were prepared with cut obliquely at the base and straight above the last axilar bud. They were planted in plastic tubes with fine vermiculite. Experiment was carried out in a greenhouse under intermittent mist. After 40 days they were evaluated concerning with: percentage of rooted cuttings, number of roots and length of the three biggest roots, roots fresh and dry weight (g), percentage of cuttings with branches, number of branches per cutting and percentage of cuttings with retained leaves. The percentage of rooted cuttings were 97.08%, with no statistical difference among the treatments. Cuttings with 14 cm length were the best for average number of roots (29.69) and percentage of cuttings with buds (93.75%). It was concluded that the cutting length didn’t affect the rooting percentage and Fuchsia regia is considered an easy rooting specie

50 Years Geophysical Institute Karlsruhe, 1964 to 2014 - Expectations and Surprises

Die Festschrift anlässlich des 50. Geburtstags des Geophysikalischen Instituts in 2014 wurde hauptsächlich von Herrn Dr. Claus Prodehl zusammengestellt. Die einzelnen Beiträge stammen von ehemaligen und aktuellen GPI-Mitarbeitern und Mitarbeiterinnen

Pathogenesis of vestibular schwannoma in ring chromosome 22

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Ring chromosome 22 is a rare human constitutional cytogenetic abnormality. Clinical features of neurofibromatosis type 1 and 2 as well as different tumour types have been reported in patients with ring chromosome 22. The pathogenesis of these tumours is not always clear yet.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We report on a female patient with a ring chromosome 22 presenting with severe mental retardation, autistic behaviour, café-au-lait macules and facial dysmorphism. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were karyotyped and array CGH was performed on extracted DNA. At the age of 20 years she was diagnosed with a unilateral vestibular schwannoma. Tumour cells were analyzed by karyotyping, array CGH and <it>NF2 </it>mutation analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Karyotype on peripheral blood lymphocytes revealed a ring chromosome 22 in all analyzed cells. A 1 Mb array CGH experiment on peripheral blood DNA showed a deletion of 5 terminal clones on the long arm of chromosome 22. Genetic analysis of vestibular schwannoma tissue revealed loss of the ring chromosome 22 and a somatic second hit in the <it>NF2 </it>gene on the remaining chromosome 22.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We conclude that tumours can arise by the combination of loss of the ring chromosome and a pathogenic <it>NF2 </it>mutation on the remaining chromosome 22 in patients with ring chromosome 22. Our findings indicate that patients with a ring 22 should be monitored for NF2-related tumours starting in adolescence.</p

Contribution of limbic norepinephrine to cannabinoid-induced aversion

RATIONALE: The cannabinoid system has risen to the forefront in the development of novel treatments for a number of pathophysiological processes. However, significant side effects have been observed in clinical trials raising concerns regarding the potential clinical utility of cannabinoid-based agents. Understanding the neural circuits and neurochemical substrates impacted by cannabinoids will provide a better means of gaging their actions within the central nervous system that may contribute to the expression of unwanted side effects. OBJECTIVES: In the present study, we investigated whether norepinephrine (NE) in the limbic forebrain is a critical determinant of cannabinoid receptor agonist-induced aversion and anxiety in rats. METHODS: An immunotoxin lesion approach was combined with behavioral analysis using a place conditioning paradigm and the elevated zero maze. RESULTS: Our results show that the non-selective CB1/CB2 receptor agonist, WIN 55,212-2, produced a significant place aversion in rats. Further, NE in the nucleus accumbens was critical for WIN 55,212-2-induced aversion but did not affect anxiety-like behaviors. Depletion of NE from the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis was ineffective in altering WIN 55,212-2-induced aversion and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that limbic, specifically accumbal, NE is required for cannabinoid-induced aversion but is not essential to cannabinoid-induced anxiety.This works was supported by PHS grant DA 020129. Ana Franky Carvalho was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (SFRH/BD/33236/2007)