Examining Relationships Among Levels Of Victimization, Perpetration, And Attitudinal Acceptance Of Same-sex Intimate Partner Violence In Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, And Queer College Students

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC; 2012) reported that intimate partner violence (IPV) affects approximately 4.8 million females and 2.8 million males in their intimate relationships each year. Past research (e.g., Fanslow, Robinson, Crengle, & Perese, 2010; Foshee et al., 1996; Foshee et al., 2009) on IPV solely evaluated prevalence rates and factors within opposite-sex relationships; however, IPV within lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) individuals\u27 relationships exists at equal, if not higher, rates compared to their heterosexual counterparts (Alexander, 2008; McKenry, Serovich, Mason, & Mosak, 2006). Subsequently, a gap in research existed on violence in LGBTQ individuals\u27 samesex relationships and the need existed for further exploration of IPV within same-sex couples (McKenry et al., 2006; Turell, 2000). The purpose of this study was an examination of the relationships among victimization rates (Victimization in Dating Relationships [VDR] and Safe Dates-Psychological Abuse Victimization [SD-PAV]), perpetration rates (Perpetration in Dating Relationships [PDR] and Safe Dates-Psychological Abuse Perpetration [SD-PAP]), and attitudinal acceptance of IPV (Acceptance of Couple Violence [ACV]) among LGBTQ college students. The specific goals of the study were to (a) identify the IPV victimization rates and perpetration rates among LGBTQ college students, and (b) examine the attitudinal acceptance of IPV in LGBTQ college students. The statistical analyses used to examine the four research questions and seven subsequent hypotheses included (a) Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and (b) Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). The results identified that significant mean differences (p \u3c .01; ŋ 2 P = .16) existed between females and males in their reported levels of victimization and perpetration, suggesting a large effect size with biological sex accounting for 16% of the variance across the four victimization and perpetration variables. Specifically, females self-reported higher levels of psychological and emotional victimization compared to males (p \u3c .01; ŋ 2 P = .05), suggesting that females in same-sex relationships reported greater psychological abuse from their female partners. In addition, results identified significant mean differences between males and females in their levels of attitudinal acceptance of IPV (p \u3c .01; ŋ 2 P = .13), suggesting a medium effect size that biological sex accounted for 13% of the variance in attitudinal acceptance of IPV scores. In considering gender expression, results from the study identified that in females and males, those self-identifying with greater amounts of masculinity reported an increased amount of victimization and perpetration (p \u3c .01; ŋ 2 P = .15). The results identified a large effect size in that 15% of the variance in victimization and perpetration rates were accounted for by the interaction of biological sex and gender expression. Furthermore, in females and males, those self-identifying with greater amounts of masculinity reported higher levels of attitudinal acceptance of IPV (p \u3c .01; ŋ 2 P = .12). The results identified a medium effect size in that 12% of the variance in attitudinal acceptance of IPV was accounted for by the interaction of biological sex and gender expression. In regards to a history of childhood abuse and witnessing parental IPV, participants with a history of child abuse and a history of witnessing parental IPV did not differ in their levels of victimization, perpetration, or attitudinal acceptance of IPV from those without a history of childhood abuse and witnessing parental IPV. Finally, variables such as (a) biological sex, (b) gender expression, (c) past childhood abuse, (d) witnessing parental IPV, (e) v VDR, (f) SD-PAV, (g) PDR, and (h) SD-PAP predicted attitudinal acceptance of IPV in this LGBTQ college student sample. The results identified that linear composite of these eight predictor variables predicted 93% (R 2 = .93) of the overall variance in participants\u27 attitudinal acceptance of IPV total score (p \u3c .01). Overall, the results identified that females reported higher levels of psychological victimization meaning that a female LGBTQ college student potentially experiences more risk of becoming a victim in a relationship. In addition, results identified that LGBTQ college students identifying as masculine present a potentially greater risk for both victimization and perpetration in their same-sex relationships. Self-identifying masculine LGBTQ college students reported greater amounts of acceptance of same-sex IPV, which possibly explains the lack of IPV reports from these college students. Finally, the results identified that individual and family-of-origin factors do, in fact, predict LGBTQ college students\u27 levels of attitudinal acceptance of IPV. In other words, an LGBTQ college students\u27 biological sex, gender expression, past childhood experiences, victimization rates, and perpetration rates all relate to the prediction of their attitudes about IPV. Implications for future research included the need to further examine college students engaging either in an opposite-sex or same-sex relationship, exploring the relationships between masculinity and femininity in their reported levels of victimization, perpetration, and attitudinal acceptance of IPV. The need to replicate this study exists in order to ensure inclusiveness of individuals across all sexual orientations and gender identities in college students. In addition, several significant findings from this study further substantiate the need for continued research in the area of same-sex IPV, especially utilizing a sample of LGBTQ college students, to inform (a) clinical assessment in college counseling clinics and community agencies, (b) IPV protocol development, and (c) culturally sensitive, modified intervention based on the current findings

You\u27re Hired: Examining Acceptance of Social Media Screening of Job Applicants

The paper examines attitudes towards employers using social media to screen job applicants. In an online survey of 454 participants, we compare the comfort level with this practice in relation to different types of information that can be gathered from publicly accessible social media. The results revealed a nuanced nature of people’s information privacy expectations in the context of hiring practices. People’s perceptions of employers using social media to screen job applicants depends on (1) whether or not they are currently seeking employment (or plan to), (2) the type of information that is being accessed by a prospective em-ployer (if there are on the job market), and (3) their cultural background, but not gender. The findings emphasize the need for employers and recruiters who are relying on social media to screen job applicants to be aware of the types of information that may be perceived to be more sensitive by applicants, such as social network-related information

The developmental cognitive trajectory of the 22Q11.2 deletion

Background: The 22q11.2 deletion (22qDS) is a microdeletion syndrome which commonly leads to an uneven profile of Learning difficulties (LD), with superior verbal compared to nonverbal intellectual and memory functions in children and adolescents. However, in adult samples these differences reduce. There are two accounts of the reduction in the verbal-nonverbal discrepancy with age. The dominant hypothesis is that normative measures of verbal intelligence decline and so approximate nonverbal intelligence. The other is that normative nonverbal intelligence increases while verbal intelligence remains stable. Few studies have investigated this longitudinally and none with a UK sample. Aim: The aim was to examine longitudinally the pattern of developmental cognitive changes in verbal and nonverbal intellectual and memory functions. Method: Twenty-four participants with 22qDS, who were previously cognitively assessed between 2004- 2008 were re-examined in 2011. Intellectual, memory and executive functions were assessed. Results: Verbal and nonverbal intellectual functions were in the below average range and verbal was significantly superior to nonverbal intelligence at initial assessment. This discrepancy disappeared at follow-up as expected. Contrary to the dominant hypothesis, no cognitive scores declined with age. Nonverbal intellectual functioning improved to approximate the original level of verbal functioning, which remained stable. There were no verbal-nonverbal discrepancies in memory, but there were unexpected gender effects. Conclusion: This is the first longitudinal study to show increasing nonverbal and stable verbal functioning with age in a UK 22qDS sample. Factors which could potentially account for this unexpected pattern are considered along with bias, confounding and other methodological issues. The potential clinical and educational implications of the findings are discussed. Further studies with large samples are required to examine in more detail the main findings

Time Since Last Dental Clinic Visit and Self-Reported Health among the Elderly

Background. This study determined the association between time since last dental clinic visit and self-reported health among the elderly (age ≥ 65 years). Methods. Data were from the 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors that affect the self-reported general health of the elderly. Additionally, a negative binomial regression analysis was conducted to explore the association of time since last dental clinic visit and the self-reported number of physically unhealthy, mentally unhealthy, and sad days during the past 30 days. Results. Six predictors were identified affecting the self-reported general health of the elderly. Respondents were more likely to self-report “good, very good, or excellent” general health if they: visited the dental clinic within the past year, were non-Hispanic, had healthcare coverage, had fewer permanent teeth removed, received better education and were younger. A larger lapse of time since respondents’ last dental clinic visits was associated with increased number of mentally and physically unhealthy days and an increased number of sad days during the past 30 days. Conclusions. The positive association between better general health, fewer mentally and physically unhealthy days, and fewer sad days during the past 30 days and shorter periods of time between dental visits warrants further investigation to determine a possible causal relationship between overall health and dental visits

Followup to Columbia Investigation: Reinforced Carbon/Carbon From the Breach Location in the Wing Leading Edge Studied

Initial estimates on the temperature and conditions of the breach in the Space Shuttle Columbia's wing focused on analyses of the slag deposits. These deposits are complex mixtures of the reinforced carbon/carbon (RCC) constituents, insulation material, and wing structural materials. Identification of melted/solidified Cerachrome insulation (Thermal Ceramics, Inc., Augusta, GA) indicated that the temperatures at the breach had exceeded 1760 C

Development of cytomegalovirus (CMV) immune recovery uveitis is associated with Th17 cell depletion and poor systemic CMV-specific T cell responses.

Backgroundthe immune reconstitution inflammatory syndromes (IRIS) are a spectrum of inflammatory conditions associated with opportunistic infections and occurring in approximately16% of human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients given antiretroviral therapy. It has been proposed that these conditions are linked by a dysregulated immune system that is prone to exaggerated responses. However, immunologic studies have been limited by the availability of longitudinal samples from patients with IRIS and appropriate matched control subjects. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) immune recovery uveitis (IRU) is an IRIS occurring in up to 38% of patients with CMV retinitis. Although the pathologic immune responses occur in the eye, immune dysregulation that allows for development of pathologic responses is presumably caused by faulty systemic immune cell reconstitution.Methodswe examined CMV-specific T cell responses, regulatory T (T(reg)) cell function and polyclonal T cell responses, including IL-17 production, in 25 patients with CMV IRU and 49 immunorestored control subjects with CMV retinitis who did not develop IRU.Resultspatients with CMV IRU had poor CMV-specific CD4(+) T cell responses, as compared with control subjects, whereas CD8(+) T cell responses were comparable. Patients with CMV IRU were characterized by smaller numbers of circulating Th17 cells. Deficiency in anti-CMV responses was not associated with differences in T(reg) cell function.Conclusionsthe T(reg) cell compartment is intact in patients with CMV IRU, and these patients do not develop exaggerated systemic CMV-specific or polyclonal immune responses. Cases are instead characterized by more profound depletion of Th17 cells and poor antiviral immune responses. CMV IRU may be most likely to develop in persons experiencing the greatest degree of immune dysfunction before initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy

REVIEWS: Professional Materials

Science Learning: Processes and Applications. Carol Minnick Santa and Donna E. Alvermann (Eds.) 1991. Books for Children and Young Adults: The Day Patch Stood Guard; The Day Veronica Was Nosy; The Day Sidney Ran Off; The Day the Ducks Went Skating; The Pumpkin Man and the Craft Creeper; Monster Goes to School; Monster\u27s Birthday Hiccups; Fast Forward; Reynard the Fox; Androcles and the Lion and Other Aesop\u27s Fables; Tales of Edgar Allen Poe; Oscar Wilde: The Happy Prince and Other Storie