Advances in prevention and therapy of neonatal dairy calf diarrhoea : a systematical review with emphasis on colostrum management and fluid therapy

Neonatal calf diarrhoea remains the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in preweaned dairy calves worldwide. This complex disease can be triggered by both infectious and non-infectious causes. The four most important enteropathogens leading to neonatal dairy calf diarrhoea are Escherichia coli, rota-and coronavirus, and Cryptosporidium parvum. Besides treating diarrhoeic neonatal dairy calves, the veterinarian is the most obvious person to advise the dairy farmer on prevention and treatment of this disease. This review deals with prevention and treatment of neonatal dairy calf diarrhoea focusing on the importance of a good colostrum management and a correct fluid therapy

Potential Drug Development Candidates for Human Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases

There are few drugs - none ideal - for the treatment and control of gastrointestinal helminths (soil-transmitted nematodes) which, as chronic infections jeopardize children's growth, learning and ultimately individual, community and country development. Drugs for helminths are not attractive in human medicine, but are lucrative in animal health. Traditionally, investment in veterinary medicines has benefited humans for these diseases. With modern regulations an approved veterinary medicine can be tested in humans with little adaptation, reducing time and cost of development. We searched for products that could easily be transitioned into humans, having the necessary characteristics for use in communities exposed to these infections. A limited number of candidates met the main criteria for selection. We provide here a detailed analysis of two veterinary products, emodepside and monepantel, and nitazoxanide, which is approved for human use. In addition we include a less detailed analysis of all products examined, and the criteria on which the analysis was based. It is clear that the pipeline of easily obtainable human anthelminthics remains extremely limited, and further efforts are needed to find replacements for the inadequate number of products available today

Imaging of subsurface lineaments in the southwestern part of the Thrace Basin from gravity data

Linear anomalies, as an indicator of the structural features of some geological bodies, are very important for the interpretation of gravity and magnetic data. In this study, an image processing technique known as the Hough transform (HT) algorithm is described for determining invisible boundaries and extensions in gravity anomaly maps. The Hough function implements the Hough transform used to extract straight lines or circles within two-dimensional potential field images. It is defined as image and Hough space. In the Hough domain, this function transforms each nonzero point in the parameter domain to a sinusoid. In the image space, each point in the Hough space is transformed to a straight line or circle. Lineaments are depicted from these straight lines which are transformed in the image domain. An application of the Hough transform to the Bouguer anomaly map of the southwestern part of the Thrace Basin, NW Turkey, shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Based on geological data and gravity data, the structural features in the southwestern part of the Thrace Basin are investigated by applying the proposed approach and the Blakely and Simpson method. Lineaments identified by these approaches are generally in good accordance with previously-mapped surface faults

Geological, petrological, and geodynamical characteristics of the Karacaali Magmatic Complex (Kırıkkale) in the Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex, Turkey

Mafic and felsic igneous rocks in the Karacaali Magmatic Complex (KMC) in the northwestern margin of the Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex (CACC) are classified into 4 groups: i) granitoid pluton including granite, granodiorite, and monzonite; ii) a few meter-scale porphyritic microgranite enclaves within the hybrid rocks; iii) hybrid rocks formed by mixing/mingling of mafic lavas (basaltic/diabasic/lamprophyric), anorthositic, and/or rhyolitic lavas; iv) diabasic dykes/veins within the granitoid pluton. Major element composition of the granitoid pluton and porphyritic microgranite enclaves within the hybrid rocks indicate subalkaline, calc-alkaline, and mostly I-type characteristics. These rocks are mainly peraluminous with aluminum saturation index >1, but mainly between 1 and 1.1, indicating transitional peraluminous. On the tectonomagmatic discrimination diagrams (Y vs. Nb and (Y+Nb) vs. Rb diagrams), all the granitic and monzonitic rock suites from the complex fall mostly in the VAG+Syn-COLG and VAG fields respectively, suggesting arc-related origin. On the R1 vs. R2 tectonic diagram, the granitic rocks display distribution from preplate collision to syncollision field, but quartz-monzonitic samples plot within the postcollision uplift field. Based on limited geological, petrographic, and geochemical results, the tectonomagmatic evolution of the KMC can be summarized as follow: i) initiation of subduction of the Inner Tauride oceanic lithosphere beneath the CACC during the Late Cretaceous time; ii) underplating of partial melts derived from subducted slab and/or mantle wedge, which provided enough heat for partial melting of the mafic lower crust and generation of granitic magma; iii) slab detachment following the continent–continent collision that resulted in tensional forces within the overlying continental crust, which allowed the intrusion of the granitic magma to the upper crust, also cutting the central Anatolian ophiolites, from the Late Cretaceous to most likely the Paleocene time. The hybrid rocks formed by mixing/mingling of the mafic, anorthositic, and/or rhyolitic magmas most likely indicate their injection into a partly crystalline granitic magmatic system just after crystallization of granitic magma in the upper crust. However, this model is open to discussion and needs to be investigated using isotope data in future studies. © TÜBITAK

The effect of gabapentin and pregabalin on intestinal incision wound healing in rabbits

Aim: To evaluate the macroscopic and histologic effects of pregabalin (PG) gabapentin (GB) on longitudinal intestinal wound healing in New Zealand rabbits. Materials and Methods: The animals were divided into three groups randomly; the control group (n=6), PG group (n=6) and GB group (n=6). All animals were premedicated with xylazine HCI, 5 mg/kg i.m. and general anaesthesia was performed by ketamine HCI 50 mg/kg i.m injection. A 4 cm incision in the caecum through median laparotomy was achieved under aseptic surgery. Intestinal wound was closed with double-sutured. All animals were received parenteral antibiotic treatment for 5 days. PG and GB groups were treated by PG (30 mg/kg, oral, daily) and GB (30 mg/kg, oral, daily) for 10 days respectively. Control group did not receive any treatment. The animals were euthanized on day 10 and the caecum was examined by laparotomy. Adhesion formation was observed, and tissue samples were taken from suture lines for histologic examination. Cellular infiltration (polymorphonuclear white blood cells and mononuclear cells), accumulation of connective tissue, vascularization and extent of necrosis were evaluated and scored separately for each of mucosal, submucosal, muscular and serosal layers of caecum. Results: Adhesions were more severe in the GB group compared to other groups. No statistically significant differences were detected among the three groups about the wound healing. Conclusion: It was suggested that the use of gabapentinoids had no significant effect on wound healing in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery and further studies with treatment periods longer than 10 days are needed

Lactate in a Laubenpieper

Acid–base disorders seldom kill; however, the mechanisms and associated complications certainly do.We recently encountered a patient with a mysterious lactic acidosis. The patient proved to be a most capable teacher of important lessons

Lake Burdur and its area from last 2000 years : sedimentary record of climate and environmental evolution

International audienc

Association between chronic hepatitis C infection and coronary flow reserve in dialysis patients with failed renal allografts.

Background. Hepatitis C infection occurs frequently among patients with end-stage renal disease and increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is an early event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. It has been reported among patients treated with hemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD), or renal transplantation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate effects of chronic hepatitis C infection on ED in patients with failed renal transplants