Produção e caracterização de carvões ativados a partir de residuos de Candeia (Eremanthus erythropappus) e testes de adsorção de compostos orgânicos

En este trabajo se prepararon dos carbones activados (CA), utilizando como agentes activantes ZnCl2 y K2CO3, denominados CA/ZnCl2, CA/K2CO3, respectivamente, a partir de residuos generados en el proceso de extracción del aceite esencial de candeia, árbol nativo de Brasil. Estos carbones se caracterizaron por microscopía electrónica de barrido, análisis termogravimétrico, análisis elemental, superficie específica por el método BET e índice de iodo. Estos materiales se probaron en la adsorción de dos moléculas modelos: el fenol y el azul de metileno, y se comparó su capacidad de adsorción con un carbón activado comercial (Merck), denominado CA/Com. Las isotermas de adsorción para CA/ZnCl2, CA/K2CO3 y CA/Com mostraron capacidades de adsorción máxima de 297, 228 y 271 mg g-1, para azul de metileno y de 109, 195 y 161 mg g-1, para el fenol, respectivamente. Los resultados evidenciaron que los carbones son eficientes en el proceso de adsorción de las moléculas modelo ensayadas. Las isotermas fueron ajustadas a las ecuaciones de Langmuir y de Freundlich. El modelo de Langmuir entregó un ajuste mejor, mostrando que los adsorbentes presentan superficies energéticamente más uniformes. Los carbones activados producidos se presentan como potenciales adsorbentes para compuestos orgánicos, agregando un valor adicional al residuo.In this work, two activated carbons were prepared, using as activating the ZnCl2 and K2CO3, denominated CA/ZnCl2, CA/K2CO3, respectively, from waste generated in the process of extraction of essential oil Candeia, tree native to Brazil. These carbons were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis, elemental analysis, BET surface area and iodine index. These materials were tested in the adsorption of model molecules: Phenol and Methylene Blue, and was used a commercial activated carbon (Merck) for comparison purposes. Adsorption isotherms for CA/ZnCl2, CA/K2CO3 and CA/Com showed maximum sorption capacities of 297, 228 and 271 mg g-1 for Methylene Blue and 109, 195 and 161 mg g-1 for phenol respectively. The results showed that the carbons are efficient in the adsorption process of molecules tested. The isotherms were fitted to equations of Langmuir and Freundlich, the Langmuir model provided better fit, showing that the adsorbents have energetically uniform surfaces. The materials produced were characterized as potential adsorbents for organic compounds can be used as an alternative for obtaining activated carbons, as well as adding value to the residue.Fil: Resende, Eliane C. de. Universidade Federal de Lavras; BrasilFil: Ramos, Paulize H.. Universidade Federal de Lavras; BrasilFil: Guerreiro, Mário C.. Universidade Federal de Lavras; BrasilFil: Sapag, Manuel Karim. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Luis; Argentin

Produção e caracterização de carvão ativado produzido a partir do defeito preto, verde, ardido (PVA) do café

The black, green and sour coffee defect (PVA) contributes with 20% of the total coffee production. It should be separate from the normal coffee grains in order to improve the final quality of the beverage. In this way, the present work has the objective to use the PVA reject for the production of activated carbon. The activated carbon (CA) was prepared from PVA defect using zinc chloride as activating agent. The prepared material (CA PVA) was characterized and the adsorption tests were carried out using as organic models methylene blue (AM) and reactive red (VR). The CA PVA revealed to be more efficient in the removal of the organic contaminants compared to a commercial activated carbon

Producción y caracterización de carbones activados a partir de residuos de candeia (eremanthus erythropappus) y su aplicación en la adsorción de compuestos orgánicos

En este trabajo se prepararon dos carbones activados (CA), utilizando como agentes activantes ZnCl2 y K2CO3, denominados CA/ZnCl2, CA/K2CO3, respectivamente, a partir de residuos generados en el proceso de extracción del aceite esencial de candeia, árbol nativo de Brasil. Estos carbones se caracterizaron por microscopía electrónica de barrido, análisis termogravimétrico, análisis elemental, superficie específica por el método BET e índice de iodo. Estos materiales se probaron en la adsorción de dos moléculas modelos: el fenol y el azul de metileno, y se comparó su capacidad de adsorción con un carbón activado comercial (Merck), denominado CA/Com. Las isotermas de adsorción para CA/ZnCl2, CA/K2CO3 y CA/Com mostraron capacidades de adsorción máxima de 297, 228 y 271 mg g-1, para azul de metileno y de 109, 195 y 161 mg g-1, para el fenol, respectivamente. Los resultados evidenciaron que los carbones son eficientes en el proceso de adsorción de las moléculas modelo ensayadas. Las isotermas fueron ajustadas a las ecuaciones de Langmuir y de Freundlich. El modelo de Langmuir entregó un ajuste mejor, mostrando que los adsorbentes presentan superficies energéticamente más uniformes. Los carbones activados producidos se presentan como potenciales adsorbentes para compuestos orgánicos, agregando un valor adicional al residuo

Genomic history of coastal societies from eastern South America

Sambaqui (shellmound) societies are among the most intriguing archaeological phenomena in pre-colonial South America, extending from approximately 8,000 to 1,000 years before present (yr bp) across 3,000 km on the Atlantic coast. However, little is known about their connection to early Holocene hunter-gatherers, how this may have contributed to different historical pathways and the processes through which late Holocene ceramists came to rule the coast shortly before European contact. To contribute to our understanding of the population history of indigenous societies on the eastern coast of South America, we produced genome-wide data from 34 ancient individuals as early as 10,000 yr bp from four different regions in Brazil. Early Holocene hunter-gatherers were found to lack shared genetic drift among themselves and with later populations from eastern South America, suggesting that they derived from a common radiation and did not contribute substantially to later coastal groups. Our analyses show genetic heterogeneity among contemporaneous Sambaqui groups from the southeastern and southern Brazilian coast, contrary to the similarity expressed in the archaeological record. The complex history of intercultural contact between inland horticulturists and coastal populations becomes genetically evident during the final horizon of Sambaqui societies, from around 2,200 yr bp, corroborating evidence of cultural change

Dementia in Latin America : paving the way towards a regional action plan

Regional challenges faced by Latin American and Caribbean countries (LACs) to fight dementia, such as heterogeneity, diversity, political instabilities, and socioeconomic disparities, can be addressed more effectively grounded in a collaborative setting based on the open exchange of knowledge. In this work, the Latin American and Caribbean Consortium on Dementia (LAC-CD) proposes an agenda for integration to deliver a Knowledge to Action Framework (KtAF). First, we summarize evidence-based strategies (epidemiology, genetics, biomarkers, clinical trials, nonpharmacological interventions, networking and translational research) and align them to current global strategies to translate regional knowledge into actions with transformative power. Then, by characterizing genetic isolates, admixture in populations, environmental factors, and barriers to effective interventions and mapping these to the above challenges, we provide the basic mosaics of knowledge that will pave the way towards a KtAF. We describe strategies supporting the knowledge creation stage that underpins the translational impact of KtAF

Genetic Engineering of Filamentous Fungi: Prospects for Obtaining Fourth-Generation Biological Products

Filamentous fungi exhibit unparalleled potential as cell factories for protein production, owing to their adeptness in protein secretion and remarkable proficiency in post-translational modifications. This review delineates the role of filamentous fungi in bio-input technology across different generations and explores their capacity to generate secondary metabolites. Our investigation highlights filamentous fungi as frontrunners in the production of bioactive compounds, emphasizing the imperative nature of elucidating their metabolic repertoire. Furthermore, we delve into common strategies for genetic transformation in filamentous fungi, elucidating the underlying principles, advantages, and drawbacks of each technique. Taking a forward-looking approach, we explore the prospects of genome engineering, particularly the CRISPR-Cas9 technique, as a means to propel protein secretion in filamentous fungi. Detailed examination of the protein secretion pathways in these fungi provides insights into their industrial applications. Notably, extensive research within the scientific community has focused on Aspergillus and Trichoderma species for the industrial production of proteins and enzymes. This review also presents practical examples of genetic engineering strategies aimed at augmenting enzyme secretion in filamentous fungi for various industrial applications. These findings underscore the potential of filamentous fungi as versatile platforms for protein production and highlight avenues for future research and technological advancement in this field

Immobilization of moniliella spathulata R25L270 lipase on ionic, hydrophobic and covalent supports: Functional properties and hydrolysis of sardine oil

The oleaginous yeast Moniliella spathulata R25L270 was the first yeast able to grow and produce extracellular lipase using Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeate) cake as substrate. The novel lipase was recently identified, and presented promising features for biotechnological applications. The M. spathulata R25L270 lipase efficiently hydrolyzed vegetable and animal oils, and showed selectivity for generating cis-5,8,11,15,17-eicosapentaenoic acid from sardine oil. The enzyme can act in a wide range of temperatures (25–48 °C) and pH (6.5–8.4). The present study deals with the immobilization of M. spathulata R25L270 lipase on hydrophobic, covalent and ionic supports to select the most active biocatalyst capable to obtain omega-3 fatty acids (PUFA) from sardine oil. Nine immobilized agarose derivatives were prepared and biochemically characterized for thermostability, pH stability and catalytic properties (KM and Vmax). Ionic supports improved the enzyme–substrate affinity; however, it was not an effective strategy to increase the M. spathulata R25L270 lipase stability against pH and temperature. Covalent support resulted in a biocatalyst with decreased activity, but high thermostability. The enzyme was most stabilized when immobilized on hydrophobic supports, especially Octyl-Sepharose. Compared with the free enzyme, the half-life of the Octyl-Sepharose derivative at 60 °C increased 10-fold, and lipase stability under acidic conditions was achieved. The Octyl-Sepharose derivative was selected to obtain omega-3 fatty acids from sardine oil, and the maximal enzyme selectivity was achieved at pH 5.0.Instituto Nanocell, CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico), INCT (Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia) de Nanomateriais de Carbono, FAPEMIG (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais), Rede Mineira de Toxinas com Ação Terapêutica, Pro-Reitoria de Pesquisa da UFMG and CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior- Processo: BEX 2703/14-9)3.098 JCR (2017) Q2, 68/171 Chemistry, Multidisciplinary, 133/292 Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUE