بررسی «زکام» و «نزله» از دیدگاه طب سنتی ایران و مروری اجمالی بر موارد مرتبط با آن در طب کلاسیک

Catarrh is a disease that discussed in details in traditional medicine.  Catarrh falls down to the other parts of the body could lead to congest in the brain, so catarrh can cause lots of problems in people. In some resources of Persian Traditional Medicine, catarrh is mentioned as the main cause of other diseases. In order get familiar with this subject, we tried to study well-known manuscripts of Persian Traditional Medicine and to gather the ideas of former great scholars and physicians. It seems that some issues including rhinitis, sinusitis, post nasal discharge (PND) and their complications are closely related to catarrh. It is hoped that physicians who study Persian Traditional Medicine and other specialists collaborate together to research about this issue and to reveal different dimensions of it, so that they can suggest effective and better treatment for catarrh.«زکام» و «نزله» از جمله بیماری‌هایی است که در طب سنتی ایران مورد بحث قرار گرفته و به آن توجه ویژه‌ای شده است. ماده نزله از دماغ (مغز) به سمت پایین ریزش می‌کند و با ورود به اعضای مختلف بدن یا احتباس در دماغ می‌تواند سبب مشکلات متعددی در فرد مبتلا شود؛ در نتیجه در برخی منابع از نزله به عنوان «ام الامراض» یاد شده است. (1) در این مقاله، برای آشنایی هرچه بیشتر با موضوع، تعدادی ازمنابع معتبر طب سنتی ایران بررسی شده است؛ نظرات حکیمان و طبیبان ارجمند روزگاران پیشین جمع‌آوری و مروری اجمالی بر برخی مفاهیم طب کلاسیک منطبق بر مبحث زکام و نزله در طب سنتی ایران صورت گرفته است. زکام و نزله در طب سنتی طیف وسیعی از مفاهیم را شامل می شود و نمی توان برای آن یک معادل دقیق در طب کلاسیک درنظر گرفت. به نظر می­رسد مواردی چون سرماخوردگی (Common Cold)، رینیت‌ها (Rhinitis)، سینوزیت‌ها(Sinusitis) ، ترشحات پشت حلقی (Post Nasal Drip) و عوارضشان ارتباطی تنگاتنگ با زکام و نزله دارند. امید است با تحقیقات مشترک پزشکان طب سنتی با پزشکان طب کلاسیک، ابعاد مختلف این بیماری بیش از پیش روشن شود و راه های درمانی مناسب‌تر و مؤثرتری برای کمک به بیماران ارائه گردد

LINC02688 and PP7080 as novel biomarkers in early diagnosis of gastric cancer

Despite considerable progress in gastric cancer screening, prevention, and treatment, it remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Due to late diagnosis of the disease, early potential diagnostic biomarkers are needed. Accumulating evidence indicates that non-coding RNAs have potential applications as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in gastric cancer. Herein, we investigated the expression levels of two novel non-coding RNAs, long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 2688 (LINC02688) and LOC25845 (PP7080) by real-time PCR for the first time in 47 gastric cancer patients. We found significant downregulation of LINC02688 and LOC25845 (PP7080) with 3.44 and 2.2-fold decrease, respectively in tumoral tissues in comparison with their adjacent non-tumoral counterparts (P < 0.0001). Our data also indicates that more than 96% and 88% of patients showed unchanged or decreased expression of LINC02688 and LOC25845 (PP7080), respectively. As most gastric cancer patients showed lower expression of these two lncRNAs, no significant association between clinicopathological features of the patients and the level of LINC02688 and LOC25845 (PP7080) expression could be detected. Furthermore, ROC curve analysis indicated that LINC02688 and PP7080 can serve as good predictive biomarkers for distinguishing tumoral tissues from their adjacent non-tumoral counterparts. Taken together, our findings suggested that these two novel tumor suppressor non-coding RNAs may act as novel diagnostic biomarkers for diagnosis of carcinogenesis event even at earlier stages of gastric adenocarcinoma

Microdeletion Study in Children with Selective Congenital Heart Disease; an Iranian Multicenter Study

Objective: Nocturnal enuresis is a common diagnosis in patients referred to pediatric and pediatric nephrology clinics. Nocturnal polyuria is an important patho-physiologic factor in enuresis. Hypercalciuria, with altering concentrating capacity of the kidneys, can affect children's response to desmopressin. Methods: This is a double blind clinical trial starting September 2007 to March 2008. One hundred and twenty four enuretic children, 76 (61.3%) males, 48 (38.7%) females, mean age 7.7 (±1.7), were evaluated by measuring random morning urinary calcium to creatinine ratio. Patients were divided into group 1 with a calcium to creatinine ratio equal to or more than 0.2 mg/mg, and group 2 with a ratio less than 0.2 (Hypercalciuric and non hypercalciuric respectively). All patients received 10 to 40 mcg of nasal desmopressin at bed time. The response was defined as reduction in wet nights, a "full response" (greater than 90 % reduction), "partial response" (50% to 90% reduction) and "no response" (less than 50% reduction). Chi-square method was used to compare the responses and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Findings: Nineteen patients in group 1 (Hypercalciuric) and 105 patients in group 2 (Non hypercalciuric) were studied. Response to desmopressin was "full" in 47.4% in group 1 and 64.8% in group 2. 42.1% and 26.7% had "Partial response" in group1 and 2 respectively (P<0.04). Conclusion: Hypercalciuria can affect negatively the responsiveness to desmopressin therapy