The relationship between gender role and attitude toward menstruation with female sexual function: A cross-sectional study

Background: Although female sexual function can be affected by many psychological, interpersonal, and sociocultural factors, limited studies have focused on the relationships between this construct with some concepts such as women’s attitudes toward menstruation and perception from their gender role. Objective: To investigate the association between gender roles and attitude toward menstruation with sexual function among Iranian reproductive women. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out on a group of 164 Iranian women referred to the health centers of Torbat Heydariyeh, between August and December 2018. All eligible women filled the female sexual function index (FSFI), Bem Sex Role Inventory, and Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire. Results: The result showed that the total FSFI score was significantly higher in masculine and androgynous gender role groups than women with undifferentiated gender role (p = 0.014, and p = 0.012, respectively). Nevertheless, androgynous women had better sexual arousal than undifferentiated women (p = 0.013). Significant reverse correlations were observed between the perception of menstruation as a debilitating, bothersome, and predictable event with a total score of FSFI and all subscales except lubrication (p = 0.001). In contrast, there was a positive relationship between denial of any effects of menstruation with total FSFI and all its sub-scores except lubrication (p = 0.001). Conclusion: This study highlighted the role of masculinity and androgyny gender role stereotypes and menstrual attitude in the sexual function of heterosexual women. Future studies are needed to explain how these psychological contexts contribute to different aspects of women’s sexuality. Key words: Menstruation, Gender roles, Sexual behavior

Incidence of Dentinal Crack after Root Canal Preparation by ProTaper Universal, Neolix and SafeSider Systems

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the incidence of dentinal crack formation by instrumentation with ProTaper Universal system (rotary, multi-file system), SafeSider (reciprocation movement, multi-file system) and Neolix (rotary, single-file system). Methods and Materials: In this in vitro study, 60 freshly extracted mandibular first molars were randomly divided into three experimental groups (n=15) and a control group containing unprepared teeth (n=15). Instrumentation in different groups was accomplished using either ProTaper, Neolix or SafeSider systems up to 25/0.08. The teeth were then sectioned at 3, 6 and 9 mm from the apex, and observed under a stereomicroscope for presence of dentinal cracks. Data were analyzed with Chi square test, Fisher’s exact test and Bonferroni correction. Results: Micro cracks were seen in all experimental groups (13.3% in ProTaper, 26.7% in SafeSider and 40% in Neolix). There was a significant difference between Neolix and the control groups in microcrack formation (P=0.042). Micro cracks mainly occurred in the coronal section (9 mm). No microcrack occurred in the control group. Conclusion: Neolix rotary single-file system caused more dentinal cracks compared to the unprepared roots. All the instrumentation systems increased the number of micro cracks compared to unprepared teeth.Keywords: Dentinal Cracks; Micro Crack; Root Canal Preparation; Root Crack; Root Dentine; Single-file Syste

Reflection of Iranian Religion, History, Politics, and Culture in Qutb Shahi Falnama of Deccan

Problem Definition: The era of the Qutb Shahi dynasty in the Deccan is one of the top periods of Iranian culture outside its geographical borders. Due to being of Iranian origin and Shiite, the Qutb Shahi dynasty had a notable tendency towards Iranian culture, and a large number of Iranian immigrants and brokers (agents) in the Deccan added to the prosperity of Iranian culture in their territory. With the support of Iranian culture, many artistic and literary works were formed, comprising a magnificent cultural interaction between the culture of South India and Iran. One of these works is an illustrated Falnama (Book of Omens) prepared in Golconda. This Falnama includes 37 paintings with different themes, each of which can be somehow related to Iranian culture, politics, and religion. Therefore, the problem of this research is "to what extent it is possible to read out different aspects of Iranian culture and its influence in Qutb Shahi court culture through the different themes of the paintings in this book".Objective: The aim of this research is to know more about the influence of Iranian culture in the Indian subcontinent, especially in the Deccan region.Research Method: Using a descriptive-analytical method and concerning historical documents, the influence of different cultural aspects in Deccan is analyzed.Results: Khalili Falnama's paintings are a mixture of religious and Islamic themes focused on Shiism. In addition to these themes, several paintings deal with the literary issues, and ancient history of Iran and one painting of this manuscript covers the contemporary history of that time by addressing Shah Tahmasp. Scrutiny in the paintings shows that in all of them and various forms, different cultural and even political aspects of Iran are witnessed, from the formal culture to the public culture, which indicates the closeness of these two cultures

The Credibility of Cephalogram Parameters in Gender Identification From Medico-Legal Relevance Among the Iranian Populatio

Background: Normal cephalogram parameters seem to be gender discriminative and thus applicable in forensic medicine. We assessed validity of cephalogram parameters in gender identification among the Iranian population.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 75 Iranian men and 75 Iranian women aged 25 to 54 years. On their first admission, the physicians requested for simple lateral skull X-ray for all participants.Results: Using area under the ROC curve, gonion-gonion index (AUC=0.741) and vertex- mention index (AUC=0.697) had a moderate value to discriminate male from female gender, while other parameters lacked enough power to differentiate gender. The best cut-off point in gonion-gonion index for discriminating male from female gender was 103.75 with a sensitivity of 74.7% and a specificity of 65.3%. Also, the best cut-off value for vertex-mention index to differentiate two genders was 244.75 with a sensitivity of 74.7% and a specificity of 62.7%. By considering two parameters of gonion-gonion and vertex-mention, it is possible to differentiate males from females with a sensitivity of 82.6% and a specificity of 71.8%.Conclusion: The two gonion-gonion and vertex-mention indices on cephalogram are applicable for gender discrimination

Construction of single domain camel antibody library against breast cancer cellular antigens

زمینه و هدف: آنتی بادی های زنجیره سنگین شتری Camelied-derived heavy chain) (VHH= یک آنتی بادی شتری بوده و کوچک ترین واحد باند شونده به آنتی ژن است. اندازه کوچک نانوبادی ها بزرگ ترین مزیت آن ها می باشد که سبب دستکاری ژنتیکی راحت آن ها می شود. این مطالعه با هدف ساخت کتابخانه ی آنتی بادی تک دمین از شتر ایمن شده با یک رده سلولی آدنوکارسینومای سینه ی انسان (SKBR3) طراحی و اجرا شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی ابتدا عصاره سلول SKBR3 طی سه نوبت به صورت زیر پوستی به یک شتر تزریق گردید. سپس RNA کامل از طحال شتر استخراج و قطعات VHH به کمک روش RT-PCR ساخته و تکثیر شدند. قطعات VHH در درون فاژمید Pcomb3x قرار گرفتند و به روش الکتروپوریشن قطعات نوترکیب وارد باکتری های DH5α شدند. تنوع کتابخانه ی تهیه شده توسط تکنیک انگشت نگاری آنزیمی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و در نهایت بیان VHH با روش SDS-PAGE ارزیابی شد. یافته ها: در این پژوهش کتابخانه آنتی بادی شتری با بیش از 105 کلونی ساخته شد. همچنین انگشت نگاری آنزیمی نشان داد که کتابخانه ی آنتی بادی حاصل دارای تنوع بالایی می باشد. بررسی های اولیه بوسیله SDS-PAGE مشخص کرد که پروتئین VHH با وزن مولکولی 15 کیلو دالتون در باکتری های ترانسفورم شده بیان می شود. نتیجه گیری: تهیه ی کتابخانه ی آنتی بادی ایمن بر ضد رده سلولی SKBR3، امکان جداسازی آنتی بادی های اختصاصی VHH بر ضد آنتی ژن های مختلف سرطان سینه را فراهم می کند

General health status among high school students in Ilam: a cross-sectional study

Background and aims: Many factors could affect on the health status. This study aimed to assess the general health status of high-school students in Ilam province in 2014. Methods:This cross– sectional study determined the general health status of high-school students in Ilam, located in west of Iran in 2014. The samples were selected by multi-stage random sampling method. Data were collected by a two-part questionnaire. The first part of the questionnaire included the personal characteristics and the second part of the questionnaire contained General Health Questionnaire- 28 (GHQ-28. Results: A total of 381 students were enrolled in this study. Overall 236 (61.9) of students had healthy status. In addition, 145 (38.1) of all participants had disorder in one or more dimensions of their general health status. The mean±SD of overall score of general health was 5.78±4.53 in healthy status students and 7.83±5.72 in disorder status students. The difference in overall score of general health was statistically significant between healthy and disorder status students (P<0.001). Moreover, the differences in the age, school grade, parental education and number of children living with families were significant between healthy and disorder status students (P<0.05). Conclusion: General health is an important issue among adolescents and high-school students who are at high risk of general health disorder. Therefore, the regular evaluation of their general health status is necessary for planning an appropriate counseling program

Association between depression, anxiety, and insomnia with musculoskeletal pain source: a multi-center study

Background: Musculoskeletal pain syndrome (MPS) is one of the modern diseases. Musculoskeletal pain (MP) may develop at any age and impact physical and mental health. This study aimed to evaluate the association between anxiety, depression, and insomnia with musculoskeletal pain source. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 450 patients with musculoskeletal pain. Goldberg depression (GB), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Morin Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) questionnaires were used to collect data. Participants have divided into two groups: individuals with unknown musculoskeletal pain sources and individuals with known musculoskeletal pain sources. Anxiety, depression, and insomnia scores were compared between the two groups. For statistical analysis of data mean (SD), frequency (), Chi-square, Mann-Whitney test, and Logistic regression models were used. All analysis was performed using SPSS 26. Results: In this study, 39.4 of the participants were in severe depression, 31.1 in severe anxiety, 34.7 in the no clinically significant, and 32.9 in the sub-threshold insomnia group. There was a significant difference between the severity of anxiety and insomnia in the two groups with the known and unknown pain sources (p < 0.05). However, the score of depression (OR = 1.00, 95 CI 0.99�1.01), anxiety (OR = 1.00, 95 CI 0.99�1.02), and insomnia (OR = 1.01, 95 CI 0.98�1.03) was not related to the pain source. Conclusion: There was a statistically significant relationship between anxiety and insomnia severity with musculoskeletal pain source. According to the high prevalence of depression, anxiety, and depression in both groups with known and unknown musculoskeletal pain sources, the cooperation of orthopedists, rheumatologists, and physical therapists with psychiatrist can be useful in improving the condition of patients

How Does Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection in Ovaries of Poor Responders Affect the Retrieved Oocytes, and Anti Mullerian Hormone: A Clinical Trial

Objective: Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) is proposed to have important role in cell division and proliferation, angiogenesis and health. This study evaluates the effect of a single injection of autologous PRP on ovarian response markers in women with poor ovarian response (POR). Materials and methods: This non-randomized clinical trial was conducted between August 2020 and September 2021. Fifty six women with Bologna criteria for POR willingly chose to participate in one of the following groups: PRP for one cycle in the time of oocyte pickup (OPU) (intervention group, n= 34) or control group (n=22).The primary outcomes were: number and quality of oocytes in coming 2 cycles of ICSI, and Anti Mullerian Hormone (AMH) level two months after PRP injection. The secondary outcomes were the number and quality of embryos and chemical pregnancy rate after embryo transfer. Results: A total of 45 participants continued the study, of which 23 were in the intervention group and 22 in control group. There were no demographic differences between two groups. At a two cycle follow up, PRP group experienced a significant improvement in AMH level and there was no respective change in control group. In one year follow up the overall pregnancy rates were same in both groups (3% Vs. 0, p=.60), while there was no difference in cumulative number and quality of embryos. Conclusion: PRP injection can improve ovarian reserve marker without adverse effects. Further evidence is required to evaluate the impact of PRP on assisted reproduction outcomes

TIMPs Expression as A Maternal Cell Free Plasma Biomarker of Severe Preeclampsia: A Case-Control Study

Objective: Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy related disorder with prevalence of 6-7%. Insufficient trophoblasticinvasion leads to incomplete remodeling of spiral arteries and consequent decrease in feto-placental perfusion. Alteredplacental expression of tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMPs) is considered to be involved in this processwhile the balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and TIMPs contributes to remodeling of the placentaand uterine arteries by degradation and refurbishing of extracellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, TIMPs, fetal expressionpattern was evaluated with the aim of its potential to be used as a determinant for the (early) detection of PE. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, cell free fetal RNA (cffRNA) released by placenta into the maternalblood was used to determine expression patterns of TIMP1, 2, 3 and 4 in the severe preeclamptic women in comparisonwith the normal pregnant women. Whole blood from 20 preeclamptic and 20 normal pregnant women in their 28-32weeks of gestational age was collected. The second control group consisted of 20 normal pregnant women in either 14or 28 weeks of gestation (each 10). cffRNA was extracted from plasma and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)was done to determine the expression levels of TIMP1, 2, 3 and 4 genes. Results: Statistical analysis of the results showed significant higher expression of TIMP1-4 in the preeclamptic womenin comparison with the control group (P=0.029, 0.037, 0.037 and 0.049, respectively). Also, an increased level of TIMPsexpression was observed by comparing 14 to 28 weeks of gestational age in the normal pregnant women in the secondcontrol group. Conclusion: An increased cffRNA expression level of TIMPs may be correlated with the intensity of placental vasculardefect and may be used as a determinant of complicated pregnancies with severe preeclampsia

Comparison between intralesional injection of zinc sulfate 2 % solution and intralesional meglumine antimoniate in the treatment of acute old world dry type cutaneous leishmaniasis: a randomized double-blind clinical trial

Zinc sulfate (ZS) has been used for the treatment of acute cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in both forms of in vivo and in vitro recently. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of intralesional injection of ZS 2 % solution with intralesional glucantime in the treatment of acute CL. In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 80 cases with acute old world dry type CL were enrolled in the study. The treatment protocol in the first group consisted of intralesional injection of ZS 2 % vials once a week for 10 weeks or sooner in case of complete resolution of the lesions. In the second group, intralesional glucantime once a week for 10 weeks or sooner in case of complete resolution of the lesions were used. In both groups cryotherapy was performed once every other week for 10 weeks. In ZS versus second group, partial and complete clinical response was observed with fewer injections although this difference was not statistically significant. In addition, we found that the trend of treatment in second group was faster but again it was not significant [partial treatment: hazard ratio (HR) 1.4, 95 % CI 0.7–2.9; complete treatment: HR 1.3, 95 % CI 0.6–2.8]. The results of this study showed that the intralesional injection of ZS 2 % solution was as effective as glucantime on the healing of the acute old world dry type CL