Late Antiquity: The Regional Specific Nature of Intellectual Tradition

The primary purpose of the study is to investigate the specifics of the intellectual tradition prevailing in some regions of the Late Antique world. For the purpose of a comprehensive review of the problem, the authors focus on well-known intellectuals of the 5th–6th centuries, representing Gaul (Ausonius, Sidonius, Ennodius et al.), Alexandria (John Philoponus, Hypatia, Sinesius of Cyrene et al.), Africa (Fulgentius, Priscian, Corippus), Isauria (Candidus Isaurus). Despite the fact that, under the influence of objective factors (Christianization, barbarians), the intellectual tradition changed from its ancient model to the medieval one, it fulfilled its most important task - to preserve the best from the treasury of ancient thought and adapt the ancient heritage to a changing world. In conclusion, the outcomes of the study demonstrate various examples of intellectual tradition and the fortunes of “people of written culture” (literati)

Дослідження переробки нікель-кобальтвмісних металургійних відходів екологічно безпечним способом водневого відновлення

We studied kinetic patterns of hydrogen reduction of the scale of a nickel-cobalt containing precision alloy at a temperature of 673‒1573 K over a period from 0 to 180 minutes. The highest degree of reduction was achieved after thermal treatment at 1273 K – 99 %. This is predetermined by the intensification of reduction processes and a sufficient level of porosity, which ensures satisfactory gas exchange. It was discovered that the starting scale consists mainly of Fe3O4, Fe2O3 and FeO with atoms substituting their alloying elements. The target product of metallization had a sponge-like microstructure and consisted mainly of the solid solution of Co and Ni atoms in γ-Fe and the residual non-reduced Fe3O4 and FeO. The resulting phases had no noticeable susceptibility to sublimation.This has ensured a reduction in the losses of alloying elements while receiving and using the highly-alloyed metallized scale, which was confirmed by experimental- industrial tests. At the same time, recycling of industrial wastes contributes to a reduction in the technogenic intensity of industrial regions and improves ecological safety of the environmentИсследована кинетика водородного восстановления окалины никель-кобальтсодержащего прецизионного сплава. Целевой продукт металлизации после восстановления при 1273 K имел губчатую микроструктуру, преимущественно состоял из твердого раствора атомов Ni и Co в γ–Fe. Также выявлен остаток Fe3O4 и FeO. Опытно-промышленные испытания подтвердили эффективность использования новой легирующей добавки с параллельной утилизацией техногенных отходовДослідженно кінетику водневого відновлення окалини нікель-кобальтвмісного прецизійного сплаву. Цільовий продукт металізації після відновлення при 1273 K мав губчасту мікроструктуру, переважно складався з твердого розчину атомів Ni та Co в γ–Fe. Також виявлено залишок Fe3O4 та FeO. Дослідно-промислові випробування підтвердили ефективність використання нової легуючої добавки з паралельною утилізацією техногенних відході

GA4GH: International policies and standards for data sharing across genomic research and healthcare.

The Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) aims to accelerate biomedical advances by enabling the responsible sharing of clinical and genomic data through both harmonized data aggregation and federated approaches. The decreasing cost of genomic sequencing (along with other genome-wide molecular assays) and increasing evidence of its clinical utility will soon drive the generation of sequence data from tens of millions of humans, with increasing levels of diversity. In this perspective, we present the GA4GH strategies for addressing the major challenges of this data revolution. We describe the GA4GH organization, which is fueled by the development efforts of eight Work Streams and informed by the needs of 24 Driver Projects and other key stakeholders. We present the GA4GH suite of secure, interoperable technical standards and policy frameworks and review the current status of standards, their relevance to key domains of research and clinical care, and future plans of GA4GH. Broad international participation in building, adopting, and deploying GA4GH standards and frameworks will catalyze an unprecedented effort in data sharing that will be critical to advancing genomic medicine and ensuring that all populations can access its benefits

Decision-making factors in holiday destination choice among Russian tourists

Studies on travel destination choice have been a significant theme within tourism studies for years, but little is known about how Russian tourists make decisions about their holiday destinations. This study consisted of two parts. The first part attempted to identify most important push and pull motivational factors that Russian tourists report as affecting their holiday destination choice. The second part assessed leading constructs of behavioural intention when Russian tourists were choosing a holiday destination, with emphasizes on Iceland. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model was applied using its core constructs of behavioural intention. The study sample comprised 301 Russian tourists. In total, 20 push and pull motivational factors that could affect holiday destination choice were evaluated by ranking priorities and factor analyses; 44 variables were evaluated by factor analyses to identify the intention to visit Iceland on holiday. Results showed that the group of external pull motivators was stronger than the group of internal push motivations in Russian tourist holiday destination choice. Among the most significant external pull motivators were price and safety of destination. Subjective norms (reference groups’ opinion) have the greatest effect on respondents’ behavioural intentions to visit Iceland on vacation. Control beliefs and perceived behavioural control cannot be associated with real intentions to visit a destination in the study case. Giving specific attention to Russia, this study contributes to the expansion of the geographical and cultural range of tourism studies. The results would have practical use for tourism planning, and marketing and business opportunities.Þótt rannsóknir á því hvernig ferðamenn kjósa áfangastað hafi verið fyrirferðarmiklar í ferðamálafræðum um árabil er enn lítið vitað um það hvernig ákvarðanatöku rússneskra ferðamanna er háttað. Þessi rannsókn sem hér er greint frá var tvískipt. Í fyrri hlutanum var reynt að gera grein fyrir veigamestu ýti- og togkröftunum sem rússneskir ferðamenn segja að hafi áhrif á ákvarðanatöku þeirra. Í seinni hlutanum var lagt mat á helstu hugtakalíkön varðandi ásetning um hegðun þegar rússneskir ferðamenn ákváðu áfangastað, með sérstakri áherslu á Ísland. Gengið var út frá kenningunni um skipulagða hegðun og grundvallarhugmyndir hennar um ásetning um hegðun. Úrtakið var 301 rússneskir ferðamenn. Alls voru tuttugu ýti- og togkraftar sem gætu haft áhrif á val á áfangastað metnir eftir mikilvægi og þáttagreindir. Auk þess voru 44 breytur þáttagreindar til að greina ásetninginn um að ferðast til Íslands. Niðurstöðurnar leiddu í ljós að ytri ýtikraftar voru veigameiri þáttur í vali rússneskra ferðamanna á áfangastað en innri togkraftar. Á meðal veigamestu ytri togkraftanna voru verðlag og öryggi áfangastaðar. Huglæg viðmið (álit viðmiðunarhópa) höfðu mestu áhrifin á ásetning þátttakenda um að fara í frí til Íslands. Trú á stjórnun og skynjuð stjórnun á hegðun tengist ekki raunverulegum ferðaásetningi samkvæmt niðurstöðum rannsóknarinnar. Í rannsókninni er lögð sérstök áhersla á Rússland og er hún liður í því að víkka út landfræðilegt og menningarlegt rannsóknarsvið ferðamálafræða. Niðurstöðurnar geta gagnast við skipulagningu ferðamála og markaðssetningu og skapað viðskiptatækifæri

Spirocyclic Nitroxides as Versatile Tools in Modern Natural Sciences: From Synthesis to Applications. Part I. Old and New Synthetic Approaches to Spirocyclic Nitroxyl Radicals

Spirocyclic nitroxyl radicals (SNRs) are stable paramagnetics bearing spiro-junction at α-, β-, or γ-carbon atom of the nitroxide fragment, which is part of the heterocyclic system. Despite the fact that the first representatives of SNRs were obtained about 50 years ago, the methodology of their synthesis and their usage in chemistry and biochemical applications have begun to develop rapidly only in the last two decades. Due to the presence of spiro-function in the SNRs molecules, the latter have increased stability to various reducing agents (including biogenic ones), while the structures of the biradicals (SNBRs) comprises a rigid spiro-fused core that fixes mutual position and orientation of nitroxide moieties that favors their use in dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) experiments. This first review on SNRs will give a glance at various strategies for the synthesis of spiro-substituted, mono-, and bis-nitroxides on the base of six-membered (piperidine, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, 9,9′(10H,10H′)-spirobiacridine, piperazine, and morpholine) or five-membered (2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole, pyrrolidine, 2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole, 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole, imidazolidine, and oxazolidine) heterocyclic cores

Spirocyclic Nitroxides as Versatile Tools in Modern Natural Sciences: From Synthesis to Applications. Part I. Old and New Synthetic Approaches to Spirocyclic Nitroxyl Radicals

Spirocyclic nitroxyl radicals (SNRs) are stable paramagnetics bearing spiro-junction at α-, β-, or γ-carbon atom of the nitroxide fragment, which is part of the heterocyclic system. Despite the fact that the first representatives of SNRs were obtained about 50 years ago, the methodology of their synthesis and their usage in chemistry and biochemical applications have begun to develop rapidly only in the last two decades. Due to the presence of spiro-function in the SNRs molecules, the latter have increased stability to various reducing agents (including biogenic ones), while the structures of the biradicals (SNBRs) comprises a rigid spiro-fused core that fixes mutual position and orientation of nitroxide moieties that favors their use in dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) experiments. This first review on SNRs will give a glance at various strategies for the synthesis of spiro-substituted, mono-, and bis-nitroxides on the base of six-membered (piperidine, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, 9,9′(10H,10H′)-spirobiacridine, piperazine, and morpholine) or five-membered (2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole, pyrrolidine, 2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole, 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole, imidazolidine, and oxazolidine) heterocyclic cores

Initial stages of

In the West Siberia there is very little data on the biology of cenopopulations of Gymnadenia conopsea. Habitat destruction and environmental changes, which potentially affected species long-term viability, led to G. conopsea cenopopulations fragmentation and isolation. A detailed study of the morphology variability of the Fragrant orchid representatives was carried out in the cenopopulation in Novosibirsk region. Our results indicate that asymbiotic germination of G. conopsea seeds is difficult to achieve and the species has serious conservation issues. It is the first report when the introduction of G. conopsea in tissue culture was undertaken as the initial stage of germplasm conservation of Siberian cenopopulation. Three modified nutrient media with different growth additives were tested to promote protocorm and seedling formation. The advanced G. conopsea seedlings establishment was obtained in 1/3 Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, supplemented by 1.0 mgl−1 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP), 0.1 mgl−1 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 10% coconut water. This study allowed establishing a reliable and reproducible system for the G. conopsea maintenance and conservation ex situ