Estudio anatómico del fallo del sistema digestivo en el síndrome de disfunción orgánica múltiple

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Facultad de Medicina. Fecha de lectura: 27 de Junio de 201

Capacidad de absorción de la demanda y política de innovación: El debate, un modelo y una aplicación a la Industria Australiana del Surf.

En este trabajo, destacamos la importancia de la capacidad de absorción de la demanda en la evolución de sectores innovadores. La innovación es crucial en empresas y sectores dado que es una fuente crucial de ventaja competitiva sobre los rivales, y es un factor que abre camino en los mercados. Sin embargo, la innovación puede rebasar la capacidad de absorción de la demanda, lo cual puede alterar, e incluso bloquear la correcta difusión (asimilación) de las innovaciones (desbordamiento tecnológico de la capacidad de absorción de la demanda). Este fenómeno puede, incluso, dar paso a ciertos episodios de estancamiento (e incluso colapso absoluto) en la capacidad de innovación y auto-transformación de ciertas industrias. Para justificar estas afirmaciones, comenzamos presentando el caso de la industria del surf australiana, en la que la falta de capacidad de absorción por parte de la demanda pudo conducir a esta industria a una pérdida de dinamismo y a su derrumbamiento gradual (y finalmente total) hace algunos años. Seguidamente, proponemos un modelo evolutivo de dinámica industrial que, debidamente adaptado y simplificado, se aplica al estudio de los mecanismos que pudieron operar en la industria australiana del surf. El estudio de la dinámica del modelo nos ayuda a entender mejor algunas interacciones entre capacidad de absorción de la demanda y potencial de innovación sectorial así como sus efectos en el posible bloqueo de la difusión de innovaciones. A partir de estos resultados, presentamos algunas reflexiones acerca de políticas que podrían contribuir a aumentar la capacidad de absorción de las innovaciones en ciertos sectores, de forma que, así, estas industrias pudieran prosperar y tener éxito en la introducción de las innovaciones. Finalmente, planteamos unas observaciones finales que pueden ser una modesta contribución al debate de política de innovación: por lo ya dicho, creemos que sería interesante concienciar a empresas, y educar a consumidores/usuarios para evitar déficits en la capacidad de absorción de la demanda. Esta observación es original en el debate sobre política de innovación que, habitualmente, ha girado alrededor de factores de oferta

Do biometric payment systems work during the COVID‑19 pandemic? Insights from the Spanish users’ viewpoint

The authors would like to thank the support provided by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, National R&D&I Plan and FEDER (B-SEJ-209-UGR18).Technological developments are changing how users pay for goods and services. In the context of the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic, new payment systems have been established to reduce contact between buyer and seller. In addition to the pandemic, the future is payment processing is also uncertain due to the new EU security regulations of the Payment Services Directive (PSD2). Biometric payments one option that would guarantee the security of transactions and reduce the risk of contagion. This research analyses the intention to recommend the use of the mobile phone as a tool for collecting payments in a shop using iris reading as a biometric measure of the buyer. The moderating effect of the fear of contagion in the proposed relationships was also analysed. An online survey was carried out, which yielded a sample of 368 respondents. The results indicate that the main antecedents of intention to use, which precedes intention to recommend, are perceived trust, habit, personal innovativeness and comfort of use. Additionally, the moderating effect of COVID-19 was checked among users with a higher perception of risk. The results obtained have interesting implications for purchase management among manufacturers and retailers.Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, National RDI PlanEuropean Commission B-SEJ-209-UGR1

La actividad de modelización en el ámbito de las relaciones espaciales en la educación infantil

En este trabajo mostraremos, en primer lugar, cómo el sistema de enseñanza no asume, en general, el desarrollo de las competencias necesarias para generar los conocimientos espaciales que todo ciudadano precisa para la vida diaria. En segundo lugar, esbozamos las diferencias existentes entre los conocimientos espaciales y los conocimientos geométricos, atendiendo a la génesis, el vocabulario, la organización de los conocimientos y la naturaleza de la validación. En tercer lugar, describimos la actividad modelización del espacio de forma analógica y geométrica, mostrando que, tanto una como otra, permiten establecer conexiones justificadas entre dos mundos: el mundo sensible y un modelo del mismo, cuyo régimen simbólico está dotado de reglas internas con muy distintos niveles de formalización. Por último, presentamos un conjunto de situaciones cuyo objetivo es que los alumnos de educación infantil realicen una actividad matemática de modelización espacio-analógica e incluso lleguen a aproximarse a la modelización geométrica

Biometric m-payment systems: A multi-analytical approach to determining use intention

Although mobile payment systems offer countless advantages, they do present certain drawbacks, mainly associated with security and privacy concerns. The inclusion of biometric authentication technologies seeks to minimise such drawbacks. The aim of this article is to examine the effect of key antecedents of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) and perceived risk on the intention to use a mobile payment system featuring biometric identification. A new hybrid analytical approach is taken. A sample of more than 2500 smartphone users was obtained through an online panel-based survey. Two techniques were used: first, structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was conducted to determine which variables had a significant influence on the adoption of the mobile payment system, and second, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was used, taking a deep learning approach, to rank the relative influence of significant predictors of use intention obtained via PLS-SEM. The study found that the most significant variables affecting use intention were performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation and risk. In contrast, subjective norms, price value and habit were found to be weak predictors of use intention. The results of the ANN analysis confirmed almost all SEM findings but yielded a slightly different order of influence among the least significant predictors. A review of the extant scientific literature revealed a paucity of published studies dealing with the adoption and use of mobile payment systems featuring biometric identification. The conclusions and managerial implications point to new business opportunities that can be exploited by firms through the use of this technology

Examining the two-dimensional perceived marketplace influence and the role of financial incentives by SEM and ANN

In recent years, research on sustainable consumption has been particularly relevant, highlighting the importance of the collective over the individual to reduce pollution. This study focuses on the study of the perceived marketplace influence (PMI) concept in its organizational and consumer dimensions, together with the financial incentives that exist in the adoption of electric cars and their effect on green customer engagement. A sample of 382 potential buyers of electric vehicles was obtained. A new hybrid analytical approach was taken structural equation modelling and artificial neural network. The research found the most significant variables affecting purchase intention were financial incentives, followed by PMI Organization and finally PMI Consumer. The results of artificial neural network analysis confirmed all the findings of the structural equation modelling, although the importance of each PMI dimension is different for each technique used. The conclusions point to new business opportunities that can be exploited by companies selling this green technology.Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada / CBU

Factors affecting adoption intention of electric vehicle: a cross-cultural study

In recent years, the surge in the adoption of electric vehicles has played a vital role in reducing fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. However, limited cross-national research has been conducted on the determinants of electric vehicle adoption in developing and developed countries. This study examines the factors influencing the intention to adopt electric vehicles in India (378 participants) and Spain (265 participants). This study develops an integrated model that combines the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2) and the value-belief-norm (VBN) model while accounting for the impact of national culture. The model is tested using structural equation modeling. The results indicate the integrated UTAUT2-VBN model is a valuable tool for explaining the differences in adoption intention across cultures. Moreover, the national cultural system plays a significant moderating role in most relationships within the model. This study offers valuable insights into the factors influencing electric vehicle adoption in different cultural contexts, which can inform policies and strategies to promote sustainable transportation.Funding for open access publishing: Universidad de Granada/CBU

Potential early adopters of hybrid and electric vehicles in Spain – towards a customer profile

The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) by consumers is regarded as a key strategic goal for the reduction in transport-related air pollution levels. Although sales of EVs continue to rise year on year, generally, the attainment of the strategic goals set by various governments for the adoption of EVs remain a distant target. The purpose of this study is to identify the customer profile of early adopters of EVs in Spain: one of Europe’s largest economies and yet the country with the lowest take up rate of EVs at present. The analysis presented here is based on an online survey of 404 potential consumers of EVs in Spain. A cluster analysis of the data was performed based on a set of three socio-demographic characteristics (gender, age, and income), one psychographic (green moral obligation - GMO) and two EV attributes (price and driving range). The results of this analysis showed that there exist two segments with respect to higher or lower customer intentions related to the adoption of EVs. These findings represent a theoretical contribution to current understanding of the customer profile of adopters of EVs and will contribute to the development of communication and retail strategies aimed at customers fitting the profile of early adopters of new technologies

Potential early adopters of hybrid and electric vehicles in Spain – towards a customer profile

The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) by consumers is regarded as a key strategic goal for the reduction in transport-related air pollution levels. Although sales of EVs continue to rise year on year, generally, the attainment of the strategic goals set by various governments for the adoption of EVs remain a distant target. The purpose of this study is to identify the customer profile of early adopters of EVs in Spain: one of Europe’s largest economies and yet the country with the lowest take up rate of EVs at present. The analysis presented here is based on an online survey of 404 potential consumers of EVs in Spain. A cluster analysis of the data was performed based on a set of three socio-demographic characteristics (gender, age, and income), one psychographic (green moral obligation - GMO) and two EV attributes (price and driving range). The results of this analysis showed that there exist two segments with respect to higher or lower customer intentions related to the adoption of EVs. These findings represent a theoretical contribution to current understanding of the customer profile of adopters of EVs and will contribute to the development of communication and retail strategies aimed at customers fitting the profile of early adopters of new technologies

A Longitudinal Examination of Different Etiological Pathways to Alcohol Use and Misuse

Background: Sher, Grekin, and Williams (2005) pointed out the existence of 4 main etiological, but not mutually exclusive, models that might explain the development of alcohol use and misuse. The aim of the present study was to explore 3 of these 4 pathways in which psychological (personality and drinking motives) and environmental (child maltreatment) variables may play a relevant role: positive affect regulation, negative affect regulation, and deviance proneness. Methods: Three hundred and fourteen young adults in the 18 to 29 year age range completed different personality, alcoholuse, andchildmaltreatment questionnaires at Time1.Five years later, they responded to drinkingmotives,antisocial behavior, alcohol use, andalcohol-related problemsquestionnaires. Results: The path analyses showed that emotional abuse predicted negative emotionality, which, in turn, prospectively predicted alcohol-related problems through coping-with-depression drinking motives (negative affect regulation). Emotional neglect predicted lesser positive emotionality, and physical abuse predicted unconscientious disinhibition personality characteristics. In turn, these 2 broad personality domains predicted drinking at weekends at Time 2 through enhancement drinking motives (positive affect regulation). Finally, physical neglect predicted disagreeable disinhibition, and both disinhibition domains directly predicted antisocial behavior 5 years later which, in turn, predicted drinking at weekends, drinking on weekdays, and alcohol-related problems (deviance proneness). Conclusions: The findings describe the specific role of distal (maltreatment and personality) and more proximal (antisocial behavior and drinking motives) variables in the different pathways involved in the development of alcohol use and misuse