Анализ факторов хронической бедности

The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence and identify the factors of chronic poverty

Project Financing of German Universities as an Instrument for Improving their Competitiveness among the World's Leading Scientific and Educational Centers

Higher education institutions present key social institutions ensuring the creation and transfer of knowledge, intellectual capital, and innovations. This fact determines the significance of universities in state regulation and allocating financial resources to the best of them is becoming a crucial objective in many countries. Goals of the article is to study of the German Excellence Initiative project. The study identifies the characteristics of the Excellence Initiative project. A set of indicators of the project effectiveness is presented and the positive effects and problems of the project are indicated. Directions for the development of the European Universities’ project financing system are proposed. Project financing allowed changing the organizational structure of the German science system. However, it is necessary to continue the search for various cooperation formats and the ways for the development of gifted researchers in the scientific sphere, strengthen the universities’ prestige and infrastructure, and further improve the project financing models. Institutional strategies are aimed at strengthening the positions of a university overall allowing it to successfully compete with the leading participants in the international scientific arena. An institutional strategy requires a university to develop a long-term policy of consistent expansion and improvement of the quality of its research and promotion of young scientists and researchers allowing to identify the existing strengths and set priorities

Assessment of urban planning concepts for the development of post-industrial cities

This article is devoted to an overview study of the implemented concepts of the development of modern post-industrial cities. In the study of the issue of the feasibility of the implemented concepts, many domestic and foreign publications on the research topic are given.The authors of this article made an attempt to predict the possible results of the realization of the implemented concepts of the development of post-industrial cities in the long term of their development. The chosen goal is achieved by solving the following tasks: to compare the strategies of urban development being implemented; to identify the signs of an industrial and post-industrial city; identify the strengths and weaknesses of the concepts; describe the positive and negative consequences after the implementation of the concepts of sustainable development of post-industrial cities

The use of informational technology for sustainable development: implications for students with different levels of life meaningfulness

The article is devoted to the study of the relationship between the fact of violation of psychological boundaries, as a consequence of active using of informational technologies in everyday life, the level of meaningfulness of life and coping strategies of students. The authors indicated the relevance of the study, analyzed theoretical approaches to the phenomenon of violation of psychological boundaries, as a consequence of the active use of informational technologies in the context of meaningful life and coping strategies. The article describes the procedure of empirical research. It has been shown that students with medium and high levels of meaningfulness of life have a tendency to expand the boundaries in the process of communication in the informational space. It was revealed that the leading behavioral strategy of students who are prone to psychological dependence on informational technologies, expressed in the impossibility of refusing them, as well as in their subjective significance, are the strategies of escape and avoidance of problem situations in real life. The study of the relationship between coping strategies and violation of psychological boundaries has shown that non-adaptive strategies of behavior and response, expressed in ignoring real problems, have a strong positive relationship with the active escape of students into the informational space, as well as an average positive relationship with expanding the boundaries of communication on the Internet

Feedback Control of Second Messengers Signaling Systems in White Adipose Tissue Adipocytes in Healthy State and Its Loss at Adiposity

Second messengers Ca2+, IP3, cAMP, NO, cGMP, and cADP ribose are incorporated as obligatory elements into multivariable Ca2+-signaling system, which integrates incoming signals of hormones and neurotransmitters in white adipocytes. This cross-controlled system includes two robust generators (RGs) of rhythmic processes, involving phospholipase C- and NO-synthase-dependent signaling networks (PLC-RG and NOS-RG). Multi-loop positive feedback control of both RGs provides their robustness, multistability, signaling interplay, and extreme sensitivity to the alterations of incoming signals of acetylcholine, norepinephrine, insulin, cholecystokinin, atrial natriuretic peptide, bradykinin, and so on. Hypertrophy of cultured adipocytes and of mature cells, isolated from epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), results in the loss of rhythmicity and development of general hormonal signaling resistance. Preadipocytes isolated from eWAT of obese mice cannot grow and accumulate lipids in the media devoid of fatty acids. However, even low concentrations of palmitoylcarnitine in the media (1 μM) may result in drastic suppression of mRNA expressions of the proteins of Ca2+-signaling system, especially of NOS-RG. Similar alterations of gene expression are observed in eWAT and liver at adiposity. All this may indicate on universal background pathogenic mechanisms. Treatment modalities, which may help to restore deregulation of Ca2+-signaling system and corresponding tissues dysfunction, are discussed briefly

Социальная ситуация в России в 2020 году: макроэкономические показатели, рынок труда и доходы населения

The work resulted in an analysis of the social situation in the Russian Federation in 2020. The object of the study was the population of the Russian Federation. In the course of the work, an assessment of the socio-economic situation of the population was carried out on the basis of a wide statistical spectrum of indicators affecting income and material situation of the population, the labor market, retail trade, consumer prices, etc. The basis for achieving the result was provided by continuous monitoring, covering operational statistical observation data. The estimates obtained are based on the results of monitoring carried out by the Institute for Social Analysis and Forecasting of the RANEPA since 2015

A multi-wavelength polarimetric study of the blazar CTA 102 during a Gamma-ray flare in 2012

We perform a multi-wavelength polarimetric study of the quasar CTA 102 during an extraordinarily bright $\gamma$-ray outburst detected by the {\it Fermi} Large Area Telescope in September-October 2012 when the source reached a flux of F$_{>100~\mathrm{MeV}} =5.2\pm0.4\times10^{-6}$ photons cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. At the same time the source displayed an unprecedented optical and NIR outburst. We study the evolution of the parsec scale jet with ultra-high angular resolution through a sequence of 80 total and polarized intensity Very Long Baseline Array images at 43 GHz, covering the observing period from June 2007 to June 2014. We find that the $\gamma$-ray outburst is coincident with flares at all the other frequencies and is related to the passage of a new superluminal knot through the radio core. The powerful $\gamma$-ray emission is associated with a change in direction of the jet, which became oriented more closely to our line of sight ($\theta\sim$1.2$^{\circ}$) during the ejection of the knot and the $\gamma$-ray outburst. During the flare, the optical polarized emission displays intra-day variability and a clear clockwise rotation of EVPAs, which we associate with the path followed by the knot as it moves along helical magnetic field lines, although a random walk of the EVPA caused by a turbulent magnetic field cannot be ruled out. We locate the $\gamma$-ray outburst a short distance downstream of the radio core, parsecs from the black hole. This suggests that synchrotron self-Compton scattering of near-infrared to ultraviolet photons is the probable mechanism for the $\gamma$-ray production.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa

Role of Inflammatory Mediators, Growth Factors, and Osteodystrophy in Recurrent Lumbar Disk Herniation

Introduction. Reintervention in patients with spinal disk herniation is shown to significantly decrease likelihood of favorable outcomes in the postoperative period. Thus, it is important to individually assess risk factors for and likelihood of spinal disk herniation recurrence for each patient, and choose a suitable surgical option. Objective: to evaluate changes in the levels of immunoregulatory mediators in the blood serum and extracted spinal disc tissue of allegedly healthy individuals and patients with lumbar disk herniation relapses. Materials and methods. We examined 60 patients. The control group included 19 patients with traumatic spinal cord injuries at the lumbar level. The main group included 41 patients with spinal disk herniation. Twenty-two individuals had primary herniation while 11 patients presented with single clinical and neurological relapses at the pre-operated lumbar level and 8 patients presented with recurrent relapses. Solid-phase enzyme immunoassay detected proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-), chemokines (interleukin-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor-1), and osteodestruction markers (osteoprogesterin, matrix metalloproteinase-8) in the blood serum and the extracted spinal disc tissue. Results. We found that spinal disk destruction and chronic inflammation developed with both locally and generally elevating levels of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines, growth factors, and matrix metalloproteinase 8. Conclusion. The results emphasize the significance of local changes in the studied parameters to choose and plan personalized surgical treatment in patients with spinal disk herniation