Evaluación de la influencia de la reserva cognitiva en la enfermedad de alzheimer. ¿Consultan antes los pacientes con mayor reserva?

Se busca describir la reserva cognitiva (RC) en la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) y evaluar su influencia sobre la edad a la que se acude a una primera consulta de Neurología por síntomas de deterioro cognitivo. Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, unicéntrico en el Hospital Universitario Río Hortega de Valladolid. Se reclutaron pacientes en consulta ambulatoria de Neurología general de manera prospectiva (octubre 2018-marzo 2019) y se incluyeron datos retrospectivos de los pacientes (marzo 2014-septiembre 2018). En todos los casos, se confirmó el diagnóstico de EA, en fase de deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) o de demencia, según criterios NIA-AA-2011. Se evaluaron: el cuestionario de reserva cognitiva (CRC), y las escalas clínicas MMSE, TAM y Bayer-ADL. Se incluyeron 155 pacientes: 72 en fase de DCL por EA (edad 76,66,5; 56,9% mujeres; MMSE 26,81,8; TAM 31,15,7; Bayer-ADL 2,91,1) y 83 en fase de demencia por EA (edad 80,15,6; 59% mujeres; MMSE 20,73,9; TAM 20,56,6; Bayer-ADL 5,81,6; CDR 1 73,5%). La mediana [Q1-Q3] de RC fue 6 [5-11]; y fue superior en sujetos en fase de DCL vs en fase de demencia (6,5 [5-12] vs 6 [4-9]; p<0,05) y en hombres vs mujeres (8 [5-14] vs 5 [4-7]; p<0,001). La edad del grupo con DCL fue inferior a la del grupo con demencia (p<0,001), y en ambos se obtuvo una correlación inversa no significativa entre edad y RC. En la EA la RC es baja, y es menor sobre todo en el grupo con demencia y en las mujeres. Los pacientes con DCL consultan antes, y se aprecia una tendencia a que los pacientes con mayor RC acudan a consulta a edades inferiores.Grado en Medicin

Review of Álvarez-Gil, F., J. (2022). Stance devices in tourism-related research articles: A corpus-based study

[EN] This volume in the prestigious Linguistic Insights book series (Peter Lang) fills an acknowledged lacuna in studies considering the tourism research article from a gender perspective. Indeed, the attention paid to the tourism research article (RA) has been, if anything, fragmentary, since, as noted in Lin and Evans (2012), no attempt has been made to fully outline the generic structure of the RA in tourism. This is precisely one of the focuses of interest of this monograph, which aims to provide genre scholars and language professionals with an outline of the genre pattern of the RA and the lexicogrammatical choices associated with each generic section, together with a detailed description of the specific stance-taking devices. This is really the main aim of this book, as its title expressly calls for. Much of the information presented in this monograph, as attributed therein, belongs to a major research project conducted over the years on the language of tourism in English and other languages (cf. Álvarez- Gil, Payet & Sánchez Hernández, 2020).[ES] This volume in the prestigious Linguistic Insights book series (Peter Lang) fills an acknowledged lacuna in studies considering the tourism research article from a gender perspective. Indeed, the attention paid to the tourism research article (RA) has been, if anything, fragmentary, since, as noted in Lin and Evans (2012), no attempt has been made to fully outline the generic structure of the RA in tourism. This is precisely one of the focuses of interest of this monograph, which aims to provide genre scholars and language professionals with an outline of the genre pattern of the RA and the lexicogrammatical choices associated with each generic section, together with a detailed description of the specific stance-taking devices. This is really the main aim of this book, as its title expressly calls for. Much of the information presented in this monograph, as attributed therein, belongs to a major research project conducted over the years on the language of tourism in English and other languages (cf. Álvarez- Gil, Payet & Sánchez Hernández, 2020).Domínguez-Morales, E. (2023). Book review: Álvarez-Gil, F. J. (2022). Stance devices in tourism-related research articles: A corpus-based study. Revista de Lingüística y Lenguas Aplicadas. 18:167-169. https://doi.org/10.4995/rlyla.2023.187061671691

Spanish vs. English mediated lectures: A contrastive approach to the use of evidential markers

In the last ten years, Spanish universities have started to incorporate English as a means of instruction. As a consequence, many lecturers –who regularly use their mother tongue for their teaching activity– have adapted their syllabus contents into English, resulting in lectures that show evidence of cross-linguistic influence (Odlin, 1993). The goal of this paper is to analyze the use and distribution of evidentials in Spanish and English mediated lectures by the same teachers and to evaluate the extent to which linguistic interference is made visible when it comes to the use of evidentiality. To this aim, a corpus of three Engineering lectures delivered in English and three Engineering lectures delivered in Spanish by the same native speakers of Spanish lecturers has been used as a means of exemplification.

Literature Mediated English in the UCM Degree in Modern Languages: A Pilot Study

The Degree in Modern Languages recently implemented by the Complutense University of Madrid has been designed in the light of the European Higher Education criteria. In the case of English, the curriculum includes a B2 of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) course of general English, with the consequent lack of motivation of many of the students in the classroom, who already got that level at high school. In this sense, it is our intention to carry about a pilot study intended to design, implement and test the use of literary texts and articles in the ESL classroom

Sound Recognition System Using Spiking and MLP Neural Networks

In this paper, we explore the capabilities of a sound classification system that combines a Neuromorphic Auditory System for feature extraction and an artificial neural network for classification. Two models of neural network have been used: Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network and Spiking Neural Network. To compare their accuracies, both networks have been developed and trained to recognize pure tones in presence of white noise. The spiking neural network has been implemented in a FPGA device. The neuromorphic auditory system that is used in this work produces a form of representation that is analogous to the spike outputs of the biological cochlea. Both systems are able to distinguish the different sounds even in the presence of white noise. The recognition system based in a spiking neural networks has better accuracy, above 91 %, even when the sound has white noise with the same power.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TEC2012-37868-C04-02Junta de Andalucía P12-TIC-130

Técnicas de reducción de la dimensión para datos con mixtura de variables cualitativas y cuantitativas: PCAMIX

En este trabajo se aborda el problema de la reducción de la dimensión de conjuntos de datos con mixtura de variables cualitativas y cuantitativas. Con este objetivo se describe el método PCAMIX como una unión de análisis de componentes principales (ACP) y análisis de correspondencia múltiple (ACM), pudiendo tener variables cualitativas y cuantitativas y aplicar un solo método para analizarlas. En el primer capítulo se explica con detalle teóricamente este método y su aplicación a un conjunto de datos, el procedimiento original propuesto por Kiers, una reformulación de ese procedimiento a través de una Descomposición en Valores Singulares (DVS) y la rotación varimax en este método. A continuación, en el segundo capítulo se incluye la descripción de la implementación del algoritmo en R-Programm. Se recoge un breve manual del paquete PCAmix y sus funciones asociadas, incluyendo una ilustración de todas estas funciones aplicadas a un conjunto de datos.In this project the problem of the reduction of the dimension of data sets with mixture of qualitative and quantitative variables is addressed. With this objective, the PCAMIX method as a union of principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), and may have qualitative and quantitative variables and apply a single method to analyze them. In the first chapter this method and its application to a data set is explained in detail, the original procedure proposed by Kiers [6], a reformulation of that procedure through a Decomposition in Singular Values (DSV) and the varimax rotation in this method. Next, the description of the implementation of the algorithm in R-Programm is included in the second chapter. A brief manual of the PCAmix package and its associated functions is collected, including an illustration of all these functions applied to a data set.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Matemática

Calque-free lectures? Spanish cross-linguistic influence in content teaching through English

In the last ten years, Spanish universities have gradually started to incorporate English as a means of instruction. As a result, many lecturers —who regularly use their mother tongue for their teaching activity— have been compelled to adapt their syllabus contents into English, resulting in lectures that show evidence of cross-linguistic influence (Odlin, 1989). This is especially noticeable in the recurrent presence of calques, which emerge as a consequence of both the teachers’ insufficient proficiency in the foreign language and a lack of expertise in lecturing through a non-native medium of spoken communication. The goal of this paper is precisely to evaluate the extent to which this interference is made visible. To this aim, a corpus of three Engineering lectures delivered in English has been used as a means of exemplification, with results that prove the presence of syntactic, lexical and morphological calques in all cases. The ultimate end of this research is not only to raise teachers’ awareness of their own dependency on L1 as their main language resource, but also to eventually provide them with tools and strategies which might enhance their performance, hence improving teacher-student communication.En los últimos diez años, las universidades españolas han empezado a incorporar el inglés como lengua para la docencia. Como resultado, muchos profesores —acostumbrados a enseñar en su lengua materna— se han visto obligados a adaptar los contenidos de sus programas al inglés, con la consiguiente influencia cros-lingüística en el desarrollo de su actividad docente (Odlin, 1989). Esto se aprecia especialmente en la presencia recurrente de calcos, consecuencia tanto de la falta de conocimiento lingüístico de los profesores a la hora de transmitir conocimientos en una lengua extranjera como de su escasa experiencia en este sentido. El objetivo de este trabajo es precisamente analizar hasta qué punto esta interferencia se hace realmente patente en el aula. Con esta intención, y a modo de ejemplo, se ha utilizado un corpus formado por tres clases de Ingeniería impartidas en inglés. Los resultados del análisis revelan que todas ellas presentan calcos sintácticos, léxicos y morfológicos. El objetivo último de este trabajo no es sólo concienciar a los profesores de su dependencia de la lengua materna como primer recurso lingüístico, sino también dotarlos con herramientas y estrategias que les permitan mejorar su actividad, lo que sin duda repercutirá en una comunicación profesor-estudiante más óptima

Breaking Boundaries and Dislocating Muths in Alvaro Cunqueiro's "Función de Romeo e Xulieta, Famosos Namorados" (1956): a Galician Adaptation of Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet in the 20th Century"

El tratamiento del espacio en Álvaro Cunqueiro siempre ha sido más sutil de lo que la crítica ha reconocido hasta hace muy poco. La creación de una esfera mítica atlántica, en la que Galicia se sitúa al mismo nivel que la Bretaña Francesa o Irlanda, ha demostrado ser de gran importancia para aquellos intelectuales que se han posicionado contra la dominación cultural del Mediterráneo, Cunqueiro entre ellos. Esta cuestión se plantea en la adaptación gallega del autor de la versión Romeo y Julieta de William Shakespeare, además de la negación de un espacio común para la comunicación. En ese sentido, el presente análisis muestra cómo la adaptación de Cunqueiro es esencial en el proceso de denuncia contra la represión cultural en el sistema periférico gallego. Todo ello sumado a la falta de atención prestada por la crítica a la obra y la demonización del autor y su literatura evasiva, como supuesta falta de sensibilidad ante los problemas de la comunidad gallega durante el Franquismo. Con esta propuesta, se pretende que la crítica en una segunda lectura de las adaptaciones shakesperianas de Cunqueiro advierta el valor del tratamiento espacial geográfico, cultural y simbólico en la mencionada obra como catalizador de una denuncia social velada.Álvaro Cunqueiro's treatment of space is subtler than critics have until very recently believed it to be. Creating a mythical Atlantic realm, where Galicia is placed at the same level as Brittany or Ireland, has proved of great importance to intellectuals, including Cunqueiro, who stand opposed to the cultural domination of the Mediterranean. This is posed in the author's Galician adaptation of the Shakespearean original, Romeo and Juliet, alongside the negation of a common space for communication. In that sense, the present analysis shows that Cunqueiro's adaptation is essential in denouncing cultural repression in peripheral Galicia, though critics have hitherto paid little attention to this and rather have tended to demonise the author's attitude towards evasive literature, and accuse him of an inability to understanding the suffering of the Galician community under Francoism. Criticism should now encourage a second reading of Cunqueiro's Shakespearean adaptations in terms of geographical, cultural, and symbolic location