2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales.

Correction to: 2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Archives of Virology (2021) 166:3567–3579. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-021-05266-wIn March 2021, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by four families (Aliusviridae, Crepuscuviridae, Myriaviridae, and Natareviridae), three subfamilies (Alpharhabdovirinae, Betarhabdovirinae, and Gammarhabdovirinae), 42 genera, and 200 species. Thirty-nine species were renamed and/or moved and seven species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.This work was supported in part through Laulima Government Solutions, LLC prime contract with the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. J.H.K. performed this work as an employee of Tunnell Government Services (TGS), a subcontractor of Laulima Government Solutions, LLC under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. This work was also supported in part with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), under Contract No. 75N91019D00024, Task Order No. 75N91019F00130 to I.C., who was supported by the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research. This work was also funded in part by Contract No. HSHQDC-15-C-00064 awarded by DHS S&T for the management and operation of The National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, a federally funded research and development center operated by the Battelle National Biodefense Institute (V.W.); and NIH contract HHSN272201000040I/HHSN27200004/D04 and grant R24AI120942 (N.V., R.B.T.). S.S. acknowledges partial support from the Special Research Initiative of Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES), Mississippi State University, and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture, Hatch Project 1021494. Part of this work was supported by the Francis Crick Institute which receives its core funding from Cancer Research UK (FC001030), the UK Medical Research Council (FC001030), and the Wellcome Trust (FC001030).S

Annual (2023) taxonomic update of RNA-directed RNA polymerase-encoding negative-sense RNA viruses (realm Riboviria: kingdom Orthornavirae: phylum Negarnaviricota)

55 Pág.In April 2023, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by one new family, 14 new genera, and 140 new species. Two genera and 538 species were renamed. One species was moved, and four were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.This work was supported in part through the Laulima Government Solutions, LLC, prime contract with the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infec tious Diseases (NIAID) under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. J.H.K. performed this work as an employee of Tunnell Government Services (TGS), a subcontractor of Laulima Government Solutions, LLC, under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. U.J.B. was supported by the Division of Intramural Resarch, NIAID. This work was also funded in part by Contract No. HSHQDC15-C-00064 awarded by DHS S and T for the management and operation of The National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Centre, a federally funded research and development centre operated by the Battelle National Biodefense Institute (V.W.); and NIH contract HHSN272201000040I/HHSN27200004/D04 and grant R24AI120942 (N.V., R.B.T.). S.S. acknowl edges support from the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES), USDA-ARS project 58-6066-9-033 and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Hatch Project, under Accession Number 1021494. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Department of the Army, the U.S. Department of Defence, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, including the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate (S and T), or of the institutions and companies affiliated with the authors. In no event shall any of these entities have any responsibility or liability for any use, misuse, inability to use, or reliance upon the information contained herein. The U.S. departments do not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. The U.S. Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the U.S.Government retains a non-exclusive, paid up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes.Peer reviewe

2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales.

In March 2021, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by four families (Aliusviridae, Crepuscuviridae, Myriaviridae, and Natareviridae), three subfamilies (Alpharhabdovirinae, Betarhabdovirinae, and Gammarhabdovirinae), 42 genera, and 200 species. Thirty-nine species were renamed and/or moved and seven species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV

Review of the fossil record of Bittacomorphinae (Diptera: Ptychopteridae)

Lukashevich, Elena D. (2019): Review of the fossil record of Bittacomorphinae (Diptera: Ptychopteridae). Zootaxa 4661 (3): 566-578, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4661.3.

Zhiganka Lukashevich 1995

Genus: Zhiganka Lukashevich, 1995 (Figures 1–4, 5A, 6 A–D) Type species. Zhiganka comitans Lukashevich, 1995: 170, fig. 1e,g. Diagnosis (emended). Adult. Medium-size gracile flies, 9–13 mm long (Fig. 1B, G). Head not appressed to thorax (Figs 2A, D, 3A). Antenna with 19 flagellomeres, each with distinct scattered (4?) macrosetae and short pubescence, apical flagellomere reduced to button-like structure (Figs 2A, C, 3B). Clypeus acutely triangular, labrum small, sclerotized, labella large. Maxillary palpus elongate, with apical and preapical segments subequal (Figs 1A, 2D, 3A). Antepronotum well developed, prescutal suture distinct, scutum with incomplete transverse suture, all pleural sclerites without setae, transepimeral suture present (Figs 2D, 3A, 4F). Wings rather broad, slightly shorter than abdomen, with macrotrichia confined to apex adjacent to costa; C ending at wing apex, Rs stem long, aligned with straight R 4+5 stem, fork R 4+5 longer than R 4+5 stem; crossvein r-m under Rs furcation; spurious vein between veins R and M long; M forks before r-m; M 1+2 unforked, straight, and extremely thin; CuA slightly sigmoidal beyond m-cu; anal lobe well developed (Figs 1B, G, 2B, G, 3C, 4 A–C, 5A, 6A–C). Legs uniformly dark, without banding, tibial spur formula 1:2:2, foreleg spur spine-like, unmodified (Fig. 1 C–F). Abdomen narrow in both sexes (Fig. 1B, G). Male: epandrium divided into epandrial lobes, surstyli distinct. Gonocoxite without secondary lobe. Gonostylus simple lobe-like, pubescent. Hypandrium divided into basal and terminal divisions (Figs 2E, F, 3 F–H, 4D, E). Female: cerci tablike, setose, lightly sclerotized (Fig. 1H). Spermathecae absent or unsclerotized. Species included. Besides the type species from Zhigansk (Batylykh Formation, Yakutia, Russia; Lower Cretaceous), Z. woolgari Lukashevich, Coram, Jarzembowski, 2001 from Clockhouse (Wealden Group, United Kingdom; Upper Hauterivian) and Z. longialata sp. nov. described below from Khasurty (Gusinoe Ozero Group, Transbaikalia, Russia; Lower Cretaceous). Remarks. The genus was established based on isolated wings and pupal fragments (the only immature stage known so far). For adults of each previously known species only an incompletly preserved isolated wing was described, so the diagnosis was limited to wing venation. The additional crossvein r-m was cautiously shown with a dotted line in Z. comitans (Lukashevich, 1995: fig. 1g) but was not observed in Z. woolgari (Lukashevich et al., 2001: fig.10). Reexamination of the holotype of Z. comitans by SEM (Fig. 5B) made it clear that this additional r-m is a preservation artifact, the vein M 1+2 is the thinnest and a long spurious vein (a longitudinal vein-like thickening in the membrane between veins R and M, bisecting crossvein r-m and ending in cell r 5) is present. Therefore, the venation patterns of the type species and the new species described herein (Fig. 5A) are identical. The holotype of Z. woolgari was not available for the study. Macrotrichia on the apical part of the wing are conspicuous in the new species (Figs 2G, 6B, C), but are barely discernible, without certainty, in the type species; however, this can be due to a poor state of preservation of Z. comitans. The new species is, therefore, included in Zhiganka and the diagnosis of the genus is revised accordingly.Published as part of Lukashevich, Elena D., 2019, Review of the fossil record of Bittacomorphinae (Diptera: Ptychopteridae), pp. 566-578 in Zootaxa 4661 (3) on pages 567-568, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4661.3.9, http://zenodo.org/record/338098

Where the Immatures of Triassic Diptera Developed

Immature Diptera are more diverse and abundant in fresh water than any other insect order. The question arises whether the earliest dipterans, known from the Upper Buntsandstein of Europe (early Anisian, Middle Triassic), already developed in water and whether such mode of life was inherited from the ancestor of the order or if, alternatively, the dipteran larvae were ancestrally terrestrial. Nematoceran immatures have become common and diverse in the Mesozoic fossil record since the Middle Jurassic, but the vast majority of them represent only two culicomorphan families, Chaoboridae and Chironomidae. Earlier records and records of immatures of other families from the Mesozoic are extremely rare. A total of four larvae and about 30 pupae have been described from Anisian assemblages of France and Spain. Among these, one larva clearly belongs to Culicomorpha, the infraorder most closely associated with fresh waters, and one larva to Bibionomorpha, the infraorder most closely associated with terrestrial habitats, while the rest are hard to classify. Nevertheless, most of the pupae are morphologically similar to the semi-aquatic pupae of extant Limoniidae and Ptychopteridae from wet habitats. The oligopneustic respiratory systems of the Anisian larvae and their apparently allochthonous burial also suggest their semi-aquatic development, which appears to have been the ancestral mode of life of Diptera. The absence of dipteran immatures in lacustrine Konservat-Lagerstätten of the Madygen and the Cow Branch Formations (Ladinian–Carnian and Norian, respectively) is explained by the aquatic conditions being unfavorable for insect immatures and invertebrates in general

Zhiganka longialata Lukashevich 2019, sp.nov.

<i>Zhiganka longialata</i> sp.nov. <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: BF7F96FE-AACA-49DA-AC44-0E8096F32EA4</p> <p> <b>Holotype</b>. PIN, No. 5340/953, part and counterpart, well-preserved impression of a male with detached terminalia.</p> <p> <b>Type Horizon and Locality</b>. Khasurty; Western Transbaikalia, Buryatia, Zakamensk District, middle reaches of the River Khasurty 10 km south of the village of Tsakir (50°21’N 103°37’E); lower part of Gusinoe Ozero Group, Lower Cretaceous.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The species epithet refers to relatively long wings of the species (from Latin <i>longus</i> —long and <i>alata</i> —winged).</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Antenna subequal to wing in males and shorter than wing in females (Fig. 1B). Wing 3.0–3.4x as long as wide, transparent, with single pale pigmented spot, pterostigma (Fig. 4A). Sc ends well beyond midwing and beyond CuA termination. Rs originates at about one-quarter of wing length. R 2 well distal to R 4+5 furcation, distal section of R 1 subequal to R 2, R 2+3 2.4x as long as R 3. R 4+5 fork 1.3x as long as R 4+5 stem, R 4+5 stem subequal to Rs stem (Figs 2B, 3C, 5A). Hind tibia longest of leg segments. Epandrium with broad and apically rounded setose surstyli (Figs 2E, F, 3 F–H, 4D, E).</p> <p> <b>Comparison.</b> In its wing size and position of R 2 and <i>r-m</i> the new species is closer to <i>Z. comitans</i> (Fig. 5A, B), differing in a shorter Rs (75% of the wing length instead of 81% in the type species, according to specified data) and shorter R 2+3 (2.4x as long as R 3 instead of 3x).</p> <p> <b>Measurements (mm).</b> Male (n=6). Body length (from anterior region of head to abdomen tip) 9.4–11.6, lateral thorax length 1.4–1.7, abdomen length 7.4–9.2. Wing length 6.8–8.4, width 2.3–2.4. Antenna length (n=3) 5.2–7.2. Leg segment length in Table 1. Female (n=5). Body length 11.0–12.6, abdomen length 9.0–9.8. Wing length 8.8– 9.6, width 3.0. Antenna length (n=1) 4.0. Hind leg: femur 4.2, tibia 5.6, tarsus 4.2 (2.6:0.8:0.5:0.2:0.1)</p> <p> Leg segment length in holotype PIN 5340 /953, male (in mm) <b>Additional material.</b> Paratypes PIN, No. 5026/1594±,1598±, 1599± and 5340/764±, 807±, complete males; PIN, No. 5026/1593±, 1595±, 1597± and 5340/951±, 952±, 1643± partly preserved females; PIN, No. 5026/1600 and 5340/1494± partly preserved adults, sex unknown; PIN, No. 5026/1596± isolated wing.</p>Published as part of <i>Lukashevich, Elena D., 2019, Review of the fossil record of Bittacomorphinae (Diptera: Ptychopteridae), pp. 566-578 in Zootaxa 4661 (3)</i> on pages 568-573, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4661.3.9, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3380981">http://zenodo.org/record/3380981</a&gt

The Imitation Game: In Search for Brachycera in the Triassic

The richest assemblage of the Triassic Diptera has been described from the famous Konservat-Lagerstätte Grès à Voltzia (Upper Buntsandstein) in the northern Vosges Mountains in France, dated as Early Anisian. A re-examination of the holotypes and additional material from the type locality allows for the establishment of Vogerhyphus gen. nov. and erection of the Vogerhyphinae subfam. nov. for Vymrhyphus blagoderovi Krzemiński and Krzemińska, 2003 and Vogerhyphus krzeminskorum sp. nov. (Protorhyphidae), and a new monotypic family Galliidae fam. nov. for Gallia alsatica Krzemiński and Krzemińska, 2003, originally described as Rhagionidae based on its wing venation. Galliidae fam. nov. is characterized by its closed cua cell and long moniliform antenna with 14-segmented flagellum and is hypothesized to belong to the stem-group Brachycera, along with the Late Triassic Prosechamyiidae. The process of brachycerization in the Diptera evolution is briefly discussed

Review of Mesozoic Perissommatidae (Insecta: Diptera)

Lukashevich, Elena D., Blagoderov, Vladimir A. (2020): Review of Mesozoic Perissommatidae (Insecta: Diptera). Zootaxa 4718 (4): 481-496, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4718.4.

Leptotarsus buscalioniae Ribeiro & Lukashevich, 2014, sp. nov.

Leptotarsus buscalioniae sp. nov. (Figs 5, 6, 19–21) Type material. Holotype: LH 35088 ± (part and counterpart of entire male specimen; preserved structures include the long antenna and terminalia). East-central Spain, Las Hoyas; La Huérguina Limestone Formation, Late Barremian, Early Cretaceous. Housed in Museo de Ciencias de Castillia–La Mancha. Etymology. The species is named after Dr. Angela Buscalioni, the main organizer and motor of the excavation in Las Hoyas for many years. Diagnosis. This species differs from all known Cretaceous species by relatively long abdomen. It differs from other species of Leptotarsus from the Early Cretaceous of Spain by long distal section of vein M 1 + 2 and distal sections of veins M 3 and M 4 strongly divergent, and from Brazilian species by absence of dark costal field. Description. Head. Antennae long and slender, bearing long and slender flagellomeres (total number of flagellomeres unknown); rostrum ca. 0.5 x the total length of head. Thorax stout, as long as wide. Wing transparent except for dark pterostigma; Sc reaching wing margin at the level of first bifurcation of Rs and beyond level of the tip of Cu; sc-r present, positioned near the tip of Sc; Rs 1.2–1.4 times longer than R 2 + 3 stem; R 1 reaching wing margin distal to the level of R 2 + 3 bifurcation; r-r oblique, linking R 1 to R 2; R 2 oblique; medial vein four-branched; discal cell as long as wide; M 3 and M 4 strongly divergent; M 3 sinuous; M 4 arcuated and shorter; long m-cu linking Cu to the base of M 4. Abdomen stout, ca. 3.0x longer than thorax; gonocoxite conical, as long as wide. Measurements. Antenna length, at least 10.2. Body length, ca. 9.5. Wing length/width, 9.4 –10.0/ 2.2–2.7. Note. In the holotype, one wing is longer and narrower than the other (proportions of length to width about 1: 4.5 and 1: 3.5 respectively). This shows clearly that the original proportions of the wings have been distorted. Therefore, one must be careful when comparing proportions of wings in Las Hoyas fossil insects.Published as part of Ribeiro, Guilherme C. & Lukashevich, Elena D., 2014, New Leptotarsus from the Early Cretaceous of Brazil and Spain: the oldest members of the family Tipulidae (Diptera), pp. 347-363 in Zootaxa 3753 (4) on page 357, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3753.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/24987