Regional education system: development characteristics, competitive environment and the need for state support

The modern system of preschool education is unique in its multidimensional nature of services since in a preschool educational institution a child is provided with upbringing, training, supervision, and care. The child's future academic performance largely depends on his preschool education. The article examines key indicators featuring the development of preschool education in the Krasnodar Region. The purpose of this study is to summarize the results of improvements in education, to determine the main guidelines for further activities. Today in the Russian Federation there are no mechanisms for a comprehensive quantitative assessment of the activities of preschool educational institutions; the assessment is implemented mainly using the method of expert estimates. Therefore, specialists of the education management bodies and heads of the educational institutions can compare the preschool educational institutions only based on these scattered data. The authors propose the following directions of state support for the development of the regional education system: 1) to determine the list of services on the market; provide a description and define their sourcing; 2) to develop an annually updated system of accounting for unmet needs of the population in preschool educational services;  3) to create a system for the development of entrepreneurship in the field of preschool education, given the support from public authorities

Understanding Conformational Dynamics of Complex Lipid Mixtures Relevant to Biology

This is a perspective article entitled “Frontiers in computational biophysics: understanding conformational dynamics of complex lipid mixtures relevant to biology” which is following a CECAM meeting with the same name.Fil: Friedman, Ran. Linnæus University; ArgentinaFil: Khalid, Syma. University of Southampton; Reino UnidoFil: Aponte Santamaría, Camilo. Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Alemania. Universidad de los Andes; ColombiaFil: Arutyunova, Elena. University of Alberta; CanadáFil: Becker, Marlon. Westfälische Wilhelms Universität; AlemaniaFil: Boyd, Kevin J.. University of Connecticut; Estados UnidosFil: Christensen, Mikkel. University Aarhus; DinamarcaFil: Coimbra, João T. S.. Universidad de Porto; PortugalFil: Concilio, Simona. Universita di Salerno; ItaliaFil: Daday, Csaba. Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies; AlemaniaFil: Eerden, Floris J. van. University of Groningen; Países BajosFil: Fernandes, Pedro A.. Universidad de Porto; PortugalFil: Gräter, Frauke. Heidelberg University; Alemania. Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies; AlemaniaFil: Hakobyan, Davit. Westfälische Wilhelms Universität; AlemaniaFil: Heuer, Andreas. Westfälische Wilhelms Universität; AlemaniaFil: Karathanou, Konstantina. Freie Universität Berlin; AlemaniaFil: Keller, Fabian. Westfälische Wilhelms Universität; AlemaniaFil: Lemieux, M. Joanne. University of Alberta; CanadáFil: Marrink, Siewert J.. University of Groningen; Países BajosFil: May, Eric R.. University of Connecticut; Estados UnidosFil: Mazumdar, Antara. University of Groningen; Países BajosFil: Naftalin, Richard. Colegio Universitario de Londres; Reino UnidoFil: Pickholz, Mónica Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Piotto, Stefano. Universita di Salerno; ItaliaFil: Pohl, Peter. Johannes Kepler University; AustriaFil: Quinn, Peter. Colegio Universitario de Londres; Reino UnidoFil: Ramos, Maria J.. Universidad de Porto; PortugalFil: Schiøtt, Birgit. University Aarhus; DinamarcaFil: Sengupta, Durba. National Chemical Laboratory India; IndiaFil: Sessa, Lucia. Universita di Salerno; ItaliaFil: Vanni, Stefano. University Of Fribourg;Fil: Zeppelin, Talia. University Aarhus; DinamarcaFil: Zoni, Valeria. University of Fribourg; SuizaFil: Bondar, Ana-Nicoleta. Freie Universität Berlin; AlemaniaFil: Domene, Carmen. University of Oxford; Reino Unido. University of Bath; Reino Unid

On the Problem of Separate and Hyphenated Spelling of Russian Toponyms with Postpositive Adjective

The paper explores the problem of separate and hyphenated spelling of place names with a postnominal adjective such as Strugi(-)Krasnye. It provides a general review of the spelling rules for place names that include adjectives and covers various structural and semantic types of toponyms with postpositive adjectives. Using examples retrieved from dictionaries and legal documents (State Index of Place Names, etc.) the author identifies the preferred spelling variants for each type of toponym, as well as possible spelling motivations, investigates the orthographic history and officially approved spellings of toponyms including the settlement name Strugi Krasnye and the Strugo-Krasnensky district. It has been established that the codification of place names with a postpositive adjective is not fully aligned with the current rule on their hyphenated spelling, which poses the problem of choosing the right spelling policy to use in such cases. The two main factors that influence this choice are: the generally accepted separate spelling of structures with a postpositive inflected adjective, on the one hand, and the tendency to hyphenize the components of the name to create a compound, on the other. The positive and negative sides of both choices are considered. The conclusion is that the hyphenated spelling of the “noun + adjective” pattern is more convenient as it allows us to rely on formal features without looking into the history of the name formation: to apply this rule correctly it only takes to determine if the second component is an adjective by form (although by origin it can be, in fact, a standalone name, i.e. a substantivized adjective). At the same time, changing the rule will create a problem of orthographical differentiation between such names as Ilyinskoye-Khovanskoye and Ilyinskoye Kesemskoye

Co-infection of dengue fever and hepatitis A in a Russian traveler

We report a hepatitis A (HAV) and dengue virus (DENV) co-infection in Russian man who had been traveling to Dominican Republic. At admission to the hospital hemorrhagic and jaundice symptoms were observed in patient. PCR tests of blood serum and urine revealed RNA dengue virus type 3, HAV RNA, anti-HAV-IgM

EVALUATION OF THE CARIES RESISTANCE OF TOOTH ENAMEL ACCORDING TO A STUDY ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF THE TOOTH SURFACE DURING ITS PHYSIOLOGICAL MATURATION

Aim. In this research, we aimed to investigate the caries resistance of permanent teeth in children at different dentition periods on the basis of data obtained on the chemical composition and microstructure of the tooth surface at the stage of tertiary mineralization.Materials and methods. We examined 34 premolars without signs of carious lesions, which had been extracted from 11–16 old children following indications for orthodontic treatment, using a high-resolution scanning electron microscope JSM-6610LV (JEOL) equipped with a micro X-ray spectrometer INCA Energy 350XT (Oxford Instruments Analytica, UK). The teeth under study were divided into three groups. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd groups comprised teeth extracted from 11–12, 13–14 and 15–16 year-old children, respectively. In these groups, tooth mineralization continues 6–12, 13–36 and 37–60 months after eruption, respectively.Results. The X-ray microanalysis of the teeth under study in terms of chemical composition (percentage by mass) showed that the surface enamel accumulates increased concentrations of Ca, P, F and demonstrates a higher Ca/P ratio under reduced levels of C, Na, O during mineralization. It is found that, during early stages of physiological maturation, tooth enamel shows morphological signs of hypo-mineralization, as well as a low caries- and acid resistance, due to its insuffi ciently formed prismatic structure, lack of a protective layer, signifi cant permeability and a large number of retention points.Conclusion. The obtained results demonstrate the possibility of applying high-resolution electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis for the study of dental hard tissues in dental practice. The development and implementation of personalized approaches to the prevention of caries, which are based on the selective use of remineralizing preparations and vitaminmineral supplements, can increase the caries- and acid resistance of tooth enamel at all stages of its physiological maturation

ISG15 Arg151 and the ISG15-Conjugating Enzyme UbE1L Are Important for Innate Immune Control of Sindbis Virus▿

Interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is a ubiquitin-like molecule that conjugates to target proteins via a C-terminal LRLRGG motif and has antiviral function in vivo. We used structural modeling to predict human ISG15 (hISG15) residues important for interacting with its E1 enzyme, UbE1L. Kinetic analysis revealed that mutation of arginine 153 to alanine (R153A) ablated hISG15-hUbE1L binding and transthiolation of UbcH8. Mutation of other predicted UbE1L-interacting residues had minimal effects on the transfer of ISG15 from UbE1L to UbcH8. The capacity of hISG15 R153A to form protein conjugates in 293T cells was markedly diminished. Mutation of the homologous residue in mouse ISG15 (mISG15), arginine 151, to alanine (R151A) also attenuated protein ISGylation following transfection into 293T cells. We assessed the role of ISG15-UbE1L interactions in control of virus infection by constructing double subgenomic Sindbis viruses that expressed the mISG15 R151A mutant. While expression of mISG15 protected alpha/beta-IFN-receptor-deficient (IFN-αβR−/−) mice from lethality following Sindbis virus infection, expression of mISG15 R151A conferred no survival benefit. The R151A mutation also attenuated ISG15's ability to decrease Sindbis virus replication in IFN-αβR−/− mice or prolong survival of ISG15−/− mice. The importance of UbE1L was confirmed by demonstrating that mice lacking this ISG15 E1 enzyme were highly susceptible to Sindbis virus infection. Together, these data support a role for protein conjugation in the antiviral effects of ISG15

An internally quenched peptide as a new model substrate for rhomboid intramembrane proteases

Rhomboids are ubiquitous intramembrane serine proteases that cleave transmembrane substrates. Their functions include growth factor signaling, mitochondrial homeostasis, and parasite invasion. A recent study revealed that the Escherichia coli rhomboid protease EcGlpG is essential for its extraintestinal pathogenic colonization within the gut. Crystal structures of EcGlpG and the Haemophilus influenzae rhomboid protease HiGlpG have deciphered an active site that is buried within the lipid bilayer but exposed to the aqueous environment via a cavity at the periplasmic face. A lack of physiological transmembrane substrates has hampered progression for understanding their catalytic mechanism and screening inhibitor libraries. To identify a soluble substrate for use in the study of rhomboid proteases, an array of internally quenched peptides were assayed with HiGlpG, EcGlpG and PsAarA from Providencia stuartti. One substrate was identified that was cleaved by all three rhomboid proteases, with HiGlpG having the highest cleavage efficiency. Mass spectrometry analysis determined that all enzymes hydrolyze this substrate between norvaline and tryptophan. Kinetic analysis in both detergent and bicellular systems demonstrated that this substrate can be cleaved in solution and in the lipid environment. The substrate was subsequently used to screen a panel of benzoxazin-4-one inhibitors to validate its use in inhibitor discovery.status: publishe

Quantitative Multiplex Substrate Profiling of Peptidases by Mass Spectrometry*

Proteolysis is an integral component of life and has been implicated in many disease processes. To improve our understanding of peptidase function, it is imperative to develop tools to uncover substrate specificity and cleavage efficiency. Here, we combine the quantitative power of tandem mass tags (TMTs) with an established peptide cleavage assay to yield quantitative Multiplex Substrate Profiling by Mass Spectrometry (qMSP-MS). This assay was validated with papain, a well-characterized cysteine peptidase, to generate cleavage efficiency values for hydrolysis of 275 unique peptide bonds in parallel. To demonstrate the breath of this assay, we show that qMSP-MS can uncover the substrate specificity of minimally characterized intramembrane rhomboid peptidases, as well as define hundreds of proteolytic activities in complex biological samples, including secretions from lung cancer cell lines. Importantly, our qMSP-MS library uses synthetic peptides whose termini are unmodified, allowing us to characterize not only endo- but also exo-peptidase activity. Each cleaved peptide sequence can be ranked by turnover rate, and the amino acid sequence of the best substrates can be used for designing fluorescent reporter substrates. Discovery of peptide substrates that are selectively cleaved by peptidases which are active at the site of disease highlights the potential for qMSP-MS to guide the development of peptidase-activating drugs for cancer and infectious disease