De ma ville à notre ville : les enjeux d’une nouvelle urbanité plurielle

Partant de l’hypothèse que ce sont les pratiques sociales qui donnent un sens à l’espace urbain, cet article se penchera sur les défis actuels que rencontre le genre « urbain » pour passer de « ma » ville à « notre » ville. Il réfléchira à la modification du paysage et de l’imaginaire urbains face à la croissance hallucinante des villes dans le monde et d’une certaine détérioration du tissu social dans les espaces urbains. Il tentera de répondre à la question suivante : un nouveau vivre ensemble est-il encore possible malgré la démesure de nos cités et, dans l’affirmative, comment le citadin et le citoyen peuvent-ils se rencontrer

Studies on barley yellow dwarf virus in west-central Morocco

The PAV, MAV, and RPV strains of barley yellow dwarf virus have been identified in west-central Morocco. The PAV strain was the most common of all (56%), followed by the MAV (35%), and RPV (9%) strains. The disease induced by the virus reached epiphytotic conditions in the 1986-87 growing season. The disease thrives in the spring months but the virus and aphid vectors, especially Rhopalosiphum padi, persist all year in the region. Although R. padi is the principal virus vector, other aphid species become active during spring months. The host range of BYDV in west-central Morocco encompasses a total of at least thirty-one grass species including those locally grown as well as those introduced for pasture improvement. Some of these species remain symptomless after inoculation with the virus;A total of ten grass aphid species in Morocco are now known to act as vectors of BYDV. Three of these were newly identified as vectors. Melanaphis donacis failed to transmit the PAV, MAV, and RPV strains of BYDV;Yield losses induced by inoculation of the bread wheat cultivars Nesma 149 and Saada with BYDV over two growing seasons reached as high as 39%, 24%, 38%, and 61% for head and thousand kernel weights, and total and grain yields, respectively. Respective losses due to natural infection were 11%, 11%, 14%, and 26%. Nesma 149 showed more tolerance to natural virus infection than Saada during the epiphytotic of 1986-87. The assessment of tolerance to BYDV demonstrated that 3 of 8 durum wheat, 4 of 19 bread wheat, 3 of 8 oat and none of 17 barley cultivars tested showed promising tolerance to the challenging PAV strain of BYDV;Antiserum prepared against a Moroccan PAV-like isolate of BYDV had a homologous titer of 1/3000 in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A virus yield of 1.45 mg/kg fresh weight of oat cultivar Clintland \u2764 was achieved by using a purification method comprising clarification with chloroform, precipitation with polyethylene glycol, and centrifugation through sucrose gradients

The impact of stock market development on economic growth in Morocco: An analysis using the VAR approach

The determination of the factors that can stimulate economic growth has been important, and given the importance of the stock market in economic development, a serval researches are interested in the analysis of the relationship between stock market development and economic growth. The studies have confirmed that the economic growth, in a nation, is positively impacted by the stock market development. As a developing country, Morocco is looking for a development model that will allow it to ensure a durable economic growth. This paper seeks to examine the link between stock market development and economic growth In Morocco, using time-series data sourced from the Central Bank of Morocco covering the period of 2008-2021, with a quarterly frequency, and using the vector autoregressive (VAR) approach to estimate the results. The capitalization and liquidity are used as stock market indicators. The results of the study show that the coefficient of the capitalization has a positive sign but for the liquidity it has a negative sign. In the other hand, for the control variables, the coefficient of the inflation rate has a positive sign but that of the real effective exchange has a negative sign.     JEL Classification : E44 Paper type : Empirical researchThe determination of the factors that can stimulate economic growth has been important, and given the importance of the stock market in economic development, a serval researches are interested in the analysis of the relationship between stock market development and economic growth. The studies have confirmed that the economic growth, in a nation, is positively impacted by the stock market development. As a developing country, Morocco is looking for a development model that will allow it to ensure a durable economic growth. This paper seeks to examine the link between stock market development and economic growth In Morocco, using time-series data sourced from the Central Bank of Morocco covering the period of 2008-2021, with a quarterly frequency, and using the vector autoregressive (VAR) approach to estimate the results. The capitalization and liquidity are used as stock market indicators. The results of the study show that the coefficient of the capitalization has a positive sign but for the liquidity it has a negative sign. In the other hand, for the control variables, the coefficient of the inflation rate has a positive sign but that of the real effective exchange has a negative sign.     JEL Classification : E44 Paper type : Empirical researc

study on the effectiveness of financial development on economic growth of Morocco

Economic growth’s theories suggest that a developed financial sector can promote the economy growth. However, the ability of financial sector to boost the economic growth depends on its ability to finance the economy. This paper investigates the relationship between Morocco's economic growth and financial development (FD). We base our study on the crucial role of banking sector in economic growth in developing countries through their financial intermediation. In order, to verify this relationship the vector error correction model (VECM) is used on secondary data: real GDP per capita (GDP) and a set of explanatory variables representing the financial development sector, specifically the ratio of private sector credit (CPS) and control variables including the share of government consumption (PC), the real interest rate (IR), trade openness (TO), and the inflation rate (INF). Our secondary data comes from the Central Bank of Morocco database and covers 56 quarters from 2007Q1 to 2020Q4. The findings support the long- and short-term benefits of financial sector development for economic growth in Morocco

3D City Modeling & Environment simulation

3D Property Valuation Modelin

Interventions innovantes dans le traitement des maladies valvulaires mitrales et aortiques : options de traitement actuelles et perspectives futures

Les maladies valvulaires constituent une cause importante de morbidité et de mortalité. Dans les pays industrialisés, l’insuffisance mitrale et la sténose aortique sont les pathologies valvulaires les plus fréquentes et leur prévalence augmentent avec l’âge. Étant donné l’augmentation de l’espérance de vie dans ces pays, la prévalence des valvulopathies dégénératives deviendra plus importante et aura un impact non négligeable sur la santé publique. Les avancées en chirurgie cardiaque ainsi que les nouvelles percées en cardiologie interventionnelle ont modifié considérablement la prise en charge des patients avec des valvulopathies en offrant des approches minimalement invasives, surtout pour les patients à haut risque chirurgical. Dans le cadre de ce mémoire, deux études rétrospectives de cohorte ont été réalisées. La première consiste à comparer les résultats postopératoires et sur trois ans de la chirurgie conventionnelle par rapport à la procédure transcathéter MitraClip chez 259 patients avec une insuffisance mitrale ischémique sévère. La deuxième étude compare les résultats postopératoires de trois approches de remplacement de la valve aortique, soit la sternotomie, la ministernotomie et la minithoracotomie. La première étude permet de conclure que la procédure MitraClip a un taux de mortalité postopératoire et sur 3 ans inférieur à celui de la chirurgie mais qu’elle est associée à un plus haut taux de récurrence de l’insuffisance mitrale après 3 ans. La deuxième étude démontre que les deux approches minimalement invasives, la ministernotomie et la mini-thoracotomie, ont un taux équivalent de mortalité intra-hospitalier à la sternotomie. La mini-thoracotomie est associée à moins de saignement périopératoire et moins de douleur au repos que la sternotomie. En conclusion, les approches minimalement invasives offrent une excellente alternative à la chirurgie conventionnelle dans le traitement de la maladie valvulaire. Les bénéfices cliniques sont d’autant plus évidents lorsque les patients sont adéquatement sélectionnés; d’où l’importance d’une ‘Heart Team’ qui collabore pour une meilleure prise en charge des patients.Valvular heart disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. In western countries, mitral regurgitation and aortic stenosis are the most frequent valvular pathologies and their prevalence increases with age. With the increase in life expectancy in these countries, the prevalence of degenerative valve disease will increase with a significant burden on healthcare systems. Advances in cardiac surgery as well as new breakthroughs in interventional cardiology have considerably modified the management of patients with valvular disease, by offering minimally invasive approaches, especially for patients at high surgical risk. In this thesis, two retrospective cohort studies were carried out. The first compares the postoperative and 3 years outcomes of mitral valve surgery vs MitraClip, a transcatheter procedure, in 259 patients with severe ischemic mitral regurgitation. The second study compares the postoperative results of two minimally invasive techniques (ministernotomy and minithoracotomy) for aortic valve replacement to conventional sternotomy. In the first study, MitraClip procedure had lower postoperative and 3-year mortality rate than surgery, but it was associated with higher recurrence rate of mitral regurgitation after 3 years. The second study showed that the two minimally invasive approaches had similar intrahospital mortality rate to sternotomy. Minithoracotomy was associated with less perioperative bleeding and less pain at rest than sternotomy. In conclusion, minimally invasive approaches offer an excellent alternative to conventional surgery in the treatment of valvular disease. The clinical benefits are more highlighted when patients are properly selected; hence the importance of a "Heart Team" that collaborates for better patient care