Effect of irrigation with fish farm effluent on two legume crops interplanted with orange trees in a sandy soil

This research was conducted to study the effect of applying three irrigation water quality treatments (Full irrigation using Nile water and 100% NPK fertilizer (Irr I, control); full irrigation using 50% fish farm effluent + 50% Nile water + 50% NPK fertilizer (Irr II); full irrigation using fish farm effluent (Irr III) to two legume crops (faba bean and lupine) interplanted under young orange trees, in addition to the solid planting of all crops in a two-year experiment. The highest yield of the two legume crops under interplanting systems with orange and its solid planting was obtained using only fish farm effluent (Irr III). The highest values of orange yield and water equivalent ratio were obtained when lupine was interplanted under orange trees using Irr III. Similarly, the highest values of land equivalent ratio were obtained for lupine interplanted under orange trees using Irrigation III in the first growing season and faba bean in the second growing in the same treatment. Thus, to reduce pressure on Nile water, we recommend the use of fish farm effluent in irrigation, in general, and use it particularly to irrigate lupine interplanted under orange trees, which increase land and water equivalent ratios. Keywords: Faba bean, lupine, fish farm effluent, water equivalent ratio, land equivalent rati

Molecular characterization and prevalence of Bacillus species isolated from Egyptian hospitals

Background: Bacillusspecies are widely distributed in all environments including health care settings and represent one of  the highly resistant organisms. Objective: This study aimed to find out the prevalence, molecularcharacterization of genetic diversity among studied Bacillus species in Egyptian hospitals environment and their antibiotic susceptibility profile. Methods: A total 528 swab samples were collected from different hospitals environment. Isolation and identification were performed according to conventional bacteriological methods, semi-automated and molecular characterization methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility was carried against different groups of antimicrobial agents. Results: The most isolated microorganism was Bacillus spp. (43.2%), followed by coagulase-negative Staphylococci (19.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (15.2%), Enterococus spp. (10.1%), Gram-negative rods (8.9%), and Micrococcus spp. (3.4 %). The most prevalent species, were Bacillus cereus (46.6%) followed by Bacillus subtilus (38.1%) while, Bacillus pumilus was the least (1.1%). A majority of Bacillus isolates (25.6%) were isolated in Internal medicine department followed by Emergency department (18.8%) while operating rooms showed the lowest prevalence rate (4.5%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed high resistance of Bacillus isolates to β-lactams and tetracycline antibiotics. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) isolates which resistance to three or more antibiotics was (21.6%). Susceptibility reports of the 176 Bacillus isolates revealed 45 antibitypes and the most common was antibiotype 31, which included 32 isolates (18.2%), that is resistant to both penicillin and cefoxitin. Conclusions: This study revealed that, dissemination of Bacillus species in study hospital environments with high resistance to β-lactams and tetracycline antibiotics. The molecular analysis revealed the existence of genetic diversity among studied Bacillus isolates. Thus, monitoring the hospital environment is an important tool in the prevention of hospital-associated infection by Bacillus species

Multivariate analysis of interactive effects of sowing dates and sesame genotypes

Six divergent genotypes of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) were crossed using a half diallel mating design according to Griffing (1956) excluding reciprocal crosses, to estimate stability for studied traits under three sowing dates in the experimental farm at Agricultural Research Station in Ismailia Governorate during summer season 2018. The 15 hybrids and their 6 parents were grown in field experiments in two geographical locations (Ismailia and El-Sharkia Governorates) and two seasons (2019 and 2020) under three sowing dates (April 1st and 2nd (SD1), May 1st and 2nd (SD2) and June 1st and 2nd (SD3) in Ismailia and Sharkia, respectively. A split plot design was used in randomized complete blocks with four replications, the main plots included planting dates while the 21 genotypes were in sub-plots. Combined analysis of variance over locations and seasons gave highly significant differences. Most of the interactions between the studied factors showed high significance for most of the traits under study. Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis for seed yield for 12 environments (two locations, two seasons and three sowing dates) showed significant effect of environments, genotypes and their interactions. The E2, E3, E8 and E9 had high mean seed yield above the grand mean environments values and are considered suitable and favorable for sesame seed production due to its low interactive effects. Sesame genotypes 7, 18, 10, 19, 12, 13, 15 were nearly close to the origin and thus the most stable and less responsive to the GEI (Genotype-by-Environment Interaction). In contrast, genotypes 1, 20, 8, 11 and 2 were far from the origin, sensitive to environmental changes and their yields are unstable. Keywords: Sesame, half diallel, sowing dates, AMMI, biplo

Unusual case of life threatening subcutaneous hemorrhage in a blunt trauma patient

AbstractIntroductionHemorrhage is the most common cause of shock in injured patients. Bleeding into the subcutaneous plane is underestimated cause of hypovolemic shock.Presentation of caseUnrestrained male driver involved in a rollover car crash. On examination, his pulse rate was 144bpm, blood pressure 80/30mmHg, and GCS was 7/15. His right pupil was dilated but reactive. Back examination revealed severe contusion with friction burns and lacerations. A Focused Assessment Sonography for Trauma (FAST) was performed. No free intraperitoneal fluid was detected. CT scan of the brain has shown right temporo-parietal subdural hematoma and extensive hematoma in the deep subcutaneous soft tissues of the back. Decompressive cranicotomy and evacuation of the subdural hematoma was performed. On the 4th postoperative day, three liters of dark brown altered blood was drained from the subcutaneous plane.DiscussionThe patient developed severe hypovolemic shock and our aim was to identify and control the source of bleeding during the resuscitation. The source of bleeding was not obvious. Severe shearing force in blunt trauma causes separation between the loose subcutaneous tissues and the underlying relatively immobile deep fascia. This is known as post-traumatic closed degloving injury. To our knowledge this is the first reported case in the English Literature with severe subcutaneous hemorrhage in blunt trauma patients without any previous medical disease.ConclusionBleeding into the subcutaneous plane in closed degloving injury can cause severe hypovolemic shock. It is important for the clinicians managing trauma patients to be aware this serious injury

Sustainable development and international cooperation in the Eastern Nile Basin

Abstract.: The following article provides an overview of issues related to international cooperation and water use in the Eastern Nile Basin, thereby introducing the following three papers written from an Ethiopian, Sudanese and Egyptian perspective respectively. Basic environmental and socio-economic data is given. The various national interests and international initiatives in the Nile Basin are introduced. Key areas of consensus between the authors, as well as open questions that still need to be worked on, are elaborated. The article also describes the unique process of how the six authors from three countries worked on this joint publication in the Nile Dialogue Workshop of 2002. Key conclusions are that sustained, non-polemical communication can lead to cooperation, and that cooperation is the cornerstone to sustainable water developmen

LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENESIN RAW MILK AND DAIRY PRODUCTS;OCCURRENCE AND TRIALS FOR THEREDUCTION OF THEIR RESISTANCE TO ANTIBIOTICS.

Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen responsible for severe infection in animals and humans. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of Listeriamonocytogenes in 200 samples of raw milk and dairy products marketed in Egypt, with detection the antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolates for different antimicrobial agents. The synergistic effects of three plant extracts in combination with the used antimicrobials to control resistant L. monocytogenes isolates were assessed, with evaluation of relationship between the antibacterial activity and composition of plant extracts. A total of 5 (2.5%) L. monocytogenes isolates were identified (3 isolates from raw milk and two isolates from kariesh cheese and ice cream, one each). The isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and sulphadimidine, while for amoxicillin and oxytetracycline, were resistant. The higher antimicrobial effects of basil and cinnamon extracts were detected, in addition, low concentrations of them were enough to show synergistic effect with the amoxicillin and oxytetracycline to control resistant isolates, these might be attributable to their chemical compositions. In conclusion, there is need for effectively pasteurized raw milk consumption or usage in the production of dairy products. In addition, the chemical composition of these plant extracts might help in its use to control resistant isolates with appropriate antibiotics without the need for increasing the used dosage doses

Assessment of using Aloe vera gel alone and in combination with lemongrass essential oil as coating materials for strawberry fruits: HPLC and EDX analyses

This is the final version. Available on open access from MDPI via the DOI in this record. Strawberry is a non-climacteric fruit but exhibits a limited postharvest life due to rapid softening and decay. A strawberry coating that is natural and safe for human consumption can be used to improve the appearance and safeguard the fruits. In this study, 20% and 40% Aloe vera gel alone or in combination with 1% lemongrass essential oil (EO) was used as an edible coating for strawberries. After application of all the treatments, the strawberry fruits were stored at a temperature of 5 ± 1 ◦C at a relative humidity (RH) of 90%–95% for up to 16 days and all the parameters were analyzed and compared to control (uncoated fruits). The results show that A. vera gel alone or with lemongrass EO reduced the deterioration and increased the shelf life of the fruit. Treatment with A. vera gel and lemongrass EO decreased acidity and total anthocyanins and maintained fruit firmness. Treatment with A. vera gel 40% + lemongrass EO 1% led to the lowest weight loss, retained firmness and acidity, but increased the total soluble solids and total anthocyanins compared to uncoated fruits during storage of up to 16 days. The phenolic compounds of A. vera gel were analyzed by HPLC, and the most abundant compounds were found to be caffeic (30.77 mg/mL), coumaric (22.4 mg/mL), syringic (15.12 mg/mL), sinapic (14.05 mg/mL), ferulic (8.22 mg/mL), and cinnamic acids (7.14 mg/mL). Lemongrass EO was analyzed by GC–MS, and the most abundant compounds were identified as α-citral (neral) (40.10%) β-citral (geranial) (30.71%), γ-dodecalactone (10.24%), isoneral (6.67%), neryl acetal (5.64%), and linalool (1.77%). When the fruits were treated with 20% or 40% A. vera gel along with 1% lemongrass, their total phenolic content was maintained during the storage period (from 4 to 8 days). The antioxidant activity was relatively stable during the 8 days of cold storage of the fruits coated with A. vera gel combined with lemongrass EO because the activity of both 20% and 40% gel was greater than that for the other treatments after 12 days of storage in both experiments. Moreover, all the treatments resulted in lower numbers of total microbes at the end of the storage period compared with the control treatment. This study indicates that the use of Aloe vera gel with lemongrass EO as an edible coating considerably enhances the productivity of strawberry fruits and the treatment could be used on a commercial scaleKing Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Correction to: Infuence of herbicides under biofertilizer application on fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) yield and quality with special reference to herbicide residues

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article