Using immunostains to distinguish the look-alike Blue Cell Tumors, their pathogenesis and behavior: Experience of a single center in Khartoum

Blue cell tumours are a diverse group that look alike in the H&E stained sections and are difficult to distinguish from each other except by immunohistochemistry. They include: Desmoplastic small-round-cell tumour, Ewing's Sarcoma/PNET, Neuroblastoma, Medulloblastoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma, Carcinoid tumor, Small cell lung cancer, Wilms' tumour, Retinoblastoma, Small-cell lymphoma and Hepatoblastoma. We have encountered all these in our practice. Because of the long list only some will be discussed. These are Ewing group of tumours and some uncommon but quite interesting members of the other Blue cell tumours. There are 3 main types of Ewing tumors: Ewing sarcoma of bone, Extraosseous Ewing tumor (EOT) and Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PPNET). The latter is a rare childhood cancer that involves the brain and can also starts in the bone or soft tissue and shares many features with Ewing sarcoma of bone and EOT. Peripheral PNETs that start in the chest wall are known as Atkin tumors. We used certain immunohistochemical stains to correctly diagnosis these cases. Classic Ewing sarcoma is positive for CD99, Vimentin but negative for the neural stain S-100 protein. PPNET has the same markers as Ewing but they are s-100 and Cytokeratin and/or EMA positive. We had odd sites for Ewing sarcoma such as the Esophagus. Some other interesting small round cell tumours are myelomas. When they have typical appearance of plasma cells the diagnosis is easy. However there is a poorly differentiated plasmacytoma that looked like other blue cell tumours. One was in the spine. It stained positive for the B cell marker CD20 but was negative for LCA which led us to do immunostaining for plasma proteins. The cells were positive for IgG and negative for Ig A and Ig M. Mature plasma cells of multiple myeloma are negative for CD20. Diagnosis: Myeloma of the small lymphocyte-like type involving D11

Definition and Measurement of Children's Emotional and Behavioural Problems “A Review Article

     The current literature on children's behaviour problems provides several definitions, primarily the two broad-based categories: emotional (internalizing) and behavioural (externalizing). Although children's emotional and behavioural impairments may be evident at the personal, social, learning, and skills levels, the debate on the influence of culture is at stake. Besides giving general review about these issues the aim of the present paper is to expose the reader to have an idea about how behaviour problems are quantified. The article has also attempted to give an overview of the nature and structure of some of the valid and reliable instruments that are universally employed to measure childhood behavioural deviance.   &nbsp

The Islamic Religious Observance Scale; development, psychometric properties and associations with demographic factors in a Sudanese sample

This study reports the development and a preliminary analysis of the psychometric properties of the Islamic Religious Observance Scale “IROS”. The IROS measures the concept of religiosity from an Islamic perspective. One hundred Sudanese Muslim adults completed the Islamic Religious Observance Scale. The IROS was found to have satisfactory test-retest reliability, good internal consistency and good construct validity. The author believes that the IROS might have utility for screening and research purposes, not only as an assessment and outcome measure but also for testing hypotheses about connections between religion and mental health in the Sudan and other Islamic countries

Semiclassical Hartree-Fock theory of a rotating Bose-Einstein condensation

In this paper, we investigate the thermodynamic behavior of a rotating Bose-Einstein condensation with non-zero interatomic interactions theoretically. The analysis relies on a semiclassical Hartree-Fock approximation where an integral is performed over the phase space and function of the grand canonical ensemble is derived. Subsequently, we use this result to derive several thermodynamic quantities including the condensate fraction, critical temperature, entropy and heat capacity. Thereby, we investigate the effect of the rotation rate and interactions parameter on the thermodynamic behavior. The role of finite size is discussed. Our approach can be extended to consider the rotating condensate in optical potential

Effect of sildenafil citrate on prediabetic and diabetic albino rats treated with metformin

Diabetes Miletus (DM) is a global epidemic disease. It is estimated that there are already 415 million adults aged 20–79 years diabetics worldwide. Sildenafil citrate is a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, which increases cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and metformin (MET) is a biguanide used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes which increases peripheral insulin sensitivity. Aim: This study aims to assess the effect of sildenafil citrate and metformin on lipid profile and glycemic control in diabetic and prediabetic albino rats. Materials and methods: Adult male albino rats are used and divided into nine groups each group consists of 10 rats, diabetes is induced by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) for an initial period of 2 weeks followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of (35 mg/kg) Streptozotocin. Prediabetes is induced by feeding (HFD) and glucose in water for a period of 2 weeks. Sildenafil was given in a dose of (5 &10 mg/kg/day orally for 4 weeks), metformin was given in a dose of (50 &100 mg/kg/day orally for 4 weeks) using oral gavages to normal healthy rats, diabetic and prediabetic rats. Blood samples were collected after 4 weeks of treatment in all experimental groups. Results: Combined administration of sildenafil and metformin on diabetic rats improving hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and hyperlipidemia induced by streptozotocin than the administration of metformin or sildenafil alone. Conclusion: Sildenafil has beneficial effects against some diabetic complications. The present study showed that sildenafil with metformin has beneficial effects against diabetic complications

Effect of sildenafil citrate on prediabetic and diabetic albino rats treated with metformin

Diabetes Miletus (DM) is a global epidemic disease. It is estimated that there are already 415 million adults aged 20–79 years diabetics worldwide. Sildenafil citrate is a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, which increases cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and metformin (MET) is a biguanide used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes which increases peripheral insulin sensitivity. Aim: This study aims to assess the effect of sildenafil citrate and metformin on lipid profile and glycemic control in diabetic and prediabetic albino rats. Materials and methods: Adult male albino rats are used and divided into nine groups each group consists of 10 rats, diabetes is induced by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) for an initial period of 2 weeks followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of (35 mg/kg) Streptozotocin. Prediabetes is induced by feeding (HFD) and glucose in water for a period of 2 weeks. Sildenafil was given in a dose of (5 &10 mg/kg/day orally for 4 weeks), metformin was given in a dose of (50 &100 mg/kg/day orally for 4 weeks) using oral gavages to normal healthy rats, diabetic and prediabetic rats. Blood samples were collected after 4 weeks of treatment in all experimental groups. Results: Combined administration of sildenafil and metformin on diabetic rats improving hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and hyperlipidemia induced by streptozotocin than the administration of metformin or sildenafil alone. Conclusion: Sildenafil has beneficial effects against some diabetic complications. The present study showed that sildenafil with metformin has beneficial effects against diabetic complications

Trends and Decomposition Growth Analysis of the Most Important Cereal Crops in Egypt

This research aims to analyze the growth performance of the most important cereal crops of Egypt agriculture (wheat, rice, and maize) and the sources of the production growth of these crops during the period 1975-2017. This analysis is to implement appropriate policies that would enhance the production increase of these crops using component analysis. Based on the results of the Chow Breakpoint test, the study was divided into three periods: 1975-1986, 1987-2000 and 2001-2017, in addition to the full period 1975-2017.The results showed that the growth of wheat, rice and maize production during the study periods depends on changes in yield more than changes in area. So, the study emphasizes that the vertical expansion has a greater impact than the horizontal expansion. This is reflecting the effect of scientific research and development (R&D) on increasing cereal crops in Egypt

Preparation of Low Molecular Weight Natural Polymers by gamma-Radiation and Their Growth Promoting Effect on Zea Maize Plants

Preparation of oligosaccharides from chitosan and Na-alginate were done using ?-rays and H2O2 as oxidizing agent. Structural and molecular weight changes of such oligosaccharides were determined by GPC, FT-IR and UV-Vis. spectroscopy. FT-IR and UV-Vis. studies revealed that during radiation degradation process, the main polysaccharide chain structure was almost remained. The effects of spraying 100 ppm of oligochitosan or oligoalginate or both of them with different ratios on the growth of zea maize plants showed an enhancement of plant growth performance and the productivity at the same time suggesting their possible use in agriculture purposes as growth promoters for plants

Rare Suprasellar Chordoid Meningioma with INI1 Gene Mutation

Background: Chordoid Meningioma is a rare brain tumour characterized genetically by loss of genetic material from chromosome 22q at cytogenetic level resulting in mutation of NF2 gene. Objectives and case report: In the present report, we described a rare case of suprasellar chordoid meningioma, which presented in a 32-year-old-woman. Her only complain was throbbing headache. Neurological examination showed left temporal hemianopia, decreased visual acuity (3/6), and no physical abnormalities related to Castleman syndrome were noted. Cranial magnetic resonance (MR) images demonstrated a 28x15 mm mass in the sellar region, which showed iso-to low intensity that enhanced vividly after gadolinium with upwards displacement of the Optic chiasm. Total surgical excision of the tumour was performed and subsequent histological examination of the tumour showed typical histology pattern of chordoid meningioma grade II according to the WHO classification system of meningiomas. Genomic DNA was extracted and mutation analysis for INI1 gene using primer of exon 4, 5, 7, and 9 showed mutation involving exon 9. DNA sequencing showedheterozygosity C­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­-T mutation in exon 9 of INI1 gene leading to change of amino acid serine to phenylalanine at (codon 63). The details of this case are presented with a review of the literature

Flexural Behavior of Unbounded Pre-stressed Beams Modified With Carbon Nanotubes under Elevated Temperature

Since fire is one of the common reasons for rehabilitation and reconstructions during the service life of a building, it is necessary to assess the elements structural and technical conditions. The objective of the present paper is to investigate the flexural behavior in bending for unbounded full pre-stressed beams with and without the incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) under the exposure to elevated temperature in comparison with non-pre-stressed beams. The test Method was divided into two major stages where the principal stage’s goal was considering the flexural behavior of fully and non-prestressed concrete beams containing CNT of 0 and 0.04% as cement replacement at ambient temperature. In the second stage, a typical group of beams was prepared and the flexural behavior was explored under the exposure to temperature of 400ºC, for 120 minutes. The major findings upon monitoring the failure mechanisms, ultimate load capacity, and deflection at critical sections, was that the CNT had shown a significant impact on the behavior and extreme resistance of fully and non-prestressed normal concrete. With CNT beams also exhibited higher imperviousness to high-temperature than that of the normal beams. Finally the significant Improvement was that the ultimate load of the non-pre-stressed beam with the presence of the CNT at the lower 50mm in the tension zone showed a gain of 13%, while the ultimate load of the fully pre-stressed beam with the presence of the CNT at the lower 50mm in the tension zone showed a gain of 21% as compared to the same beam without CNT, respectively. For the non-pre-stressed beams, the load capacity of the beam with CNT after exposure had a similar load capacity as the beam without CNT before exposure to high temperature