Sudden cardiac death athletes: a systematic review

Previous events evidence that sudden cardiac death (SCD) in athletes is still a reality and it keeps challenging cardiologists. Considering the importance of SCD in athletes and the requisite for an update of this matter, we endeavored to describe SCD in athletes. The Medline (via PubMed) and SciELO databases were searched using the subject keywords "sudden death, athletes and mortality". The incidence of SCD is expected at one case for each 200,000 young athletes per year. Overall it is resulted of complex dealings of factors such as arrhythmogenic substrate, regulator and triggers factors. In great part of deaths caused by heart disease in athletes younger than 35 years old investigations evidence cardiac congenital abnormalities. Athletes above 35 years old possibly die due to impairments of coronary heart disease, frequently caused by atherosclerosis. Myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction are responsible for the most cases of SCD above this age (80%). Pre-participatory athletes' evaluation helps to recognize situations that may put the athlete's life in risk including cardiovascular diseases. In summary, cardiologic examinations of athletes' pre-competition routine is an important way to minimize the risk of SCD

Cause of Death and Predictors of All-Cause Mortality in Anticoagulated Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation : Data From ROCKET AF

M. Kaste on työryhmän ROCKET AF Steering Comm jäsen.Background-Atrial fibrillation is associated with higher mortality. Identification of causes of death and contemporary risk factors for all-cause mortality may guide interventions. Methods and Results-In the Rivaroxaban Once Daily Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibition Compared with Vitamin K Antagonism for Prevention of Stroke and Embolism Trial in Atrial Fibrillation (ROCKET AF) study, patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation were randomized to rivaroxaban or dose-adjusted warfarin. Cox proportional hazards regression with backward elimination identified factors at randomization that were independently associated with all-cause mortality in the 14 171 participants in the intention-to-treat population. The median age was 73 years, and the mean CHADS(2) score was 3.5. Over 1.9 years of median follow-up, 1214 (8.6%) patients died. Kaplan-Meier mortality rates were 4.2% at 1 year and 8.9% at 2 years. The majority of classified deaths (1081) were cardiovascular (72%), whereas only 6% were nonhemorrhagic stroke or systemic embolism. No significant difference in all-cause mortality was observed between the rivaroxaban and warfarin arms (P=0.15). Heart failure (hazard ratio 1.51, 95% CI 1.33-1.70, P= 75 years (hazard ratio 1.69, 95% CI 1.51-1.90, P Conclusions-In a large population of patients anticoagulated for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, approximate to 7 in 10 deaths were cardiovascular, whereasPeer reviewe

Evaluation of Impact Loading Rates Dependency on Prescale Pressure Film

Migraine is the third most common medical condition in the world. Xiaogai Li have a hypothesis that implies that a hit to the head when first sensing the aura symptoms will stop the migraine attack. An investigation was made to ensure that the blow does not cause a head injury. The prescale pressure film from Fujifilm is a sensor that measures pressure and the pressure distribution. It is supplied with charts to determine the pressure when purchased. The pressure film was used to measure the reached loading impact from the blow. The new chart for the pressure film would in that case be used to create simulations to study the potential brain damage a hit to the head can result in. This paper examines whether loading rates has an influence on a prescale pressure film from Fujifilm, in order to create new pressure charts if such dependency is found. The testing was made with the help of a loading machine where the desired force could be set. The results showed a lower color density in the test results when comparing with the provided charts. The reason for this is unknown, although it could be a consequence of the environmental conditions that the pressure film was held in. The conclusion made by studying the results was that no loading rate dependency exists

Localization of point sources of PCBs pollution in rivers using LDPE passive samplers, a Swiss case study

Due to its situation of “Europe’s water reservoir”, Switzerland has a particular responsibility towards downstream countries. It must ensure an optimal quality of its surface waters, following thus the example of the EU members which have to reach by 2015 the good status for surface water set by the Water Frame Directive. In order to achieve that goal, there is a need to localize sources of pollution to reduce emissions to water. In this study, an investigation was conduct along the “Venoge” River to localize potential sources of PCBs pollution contaminating it. A simple, rapid and easy method using passive samplers of Low-density polyethylene (LDPE), known to adsorb PCBs, has been established. It is therefore an accessible technology and requires no power source or specialized equipment in situ. The passive samplers were placed over 2 iron bars at each measurement site. They were fully immersed during the duration of the experiment, typically 4 to 6 weeks. Once out, PCBs from the LDPE samplers were extracted using dichloromethane, purified by adsorption chromatography and analysed by gas chromatography (GC-ECD). Results show the great interest of LDPE passive samplers in the localization of sources of contamination in rivers. One industrial site, a former landfill and a wastewater treatment plant receiving waters from an industrial zone were pointed out as sources of PCBs. On-going experiments are carried out to compare LDPE with silicone in the “Venoge” River in order to determine the most appropriate polymer for point sources localization. For both polymers, the uptake kinetics of PCBs present in the river and the release kinetics of PRCs spiked on the samplers before exposure are studied

Fluage des sols argileux et role d'une surface de faiblesse

SIGLECNRS T Bordereau / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

LOCALIZATION OF POINT SOURCES OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCBs) POLLUTION IN RIVERS USING PASSIVE SAMPLERS

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are universal environmental contaminants that have attracted great concern because of their worldwide distribution, persistence in the environment and possible harmful effects. Recycling old objects or materials containing PCBs and former disposal sites, could potentially contaminate surface waters. According to previous studies, it appears that in some Swiss rivers, the concentration of PCBs in fish were above the limits proposed by EU, indicating a contamination which is considered to be "very high". It was therefore decided to conduct an investigation along two of them, the “Venoge’ and the ‘Birse’ Rivers, in order to detect potential sources of pollution contaminating them. A simple, rapid and easy method using passive samplers of Low-density polyethylene (LDPE), known to adsorb PCBs, has been established. It is therefore an accessible technology and requires no power source or specialized equipment in situ. The passive samplers were placed over 2 iron bars at each measurement site. They were fully immersed during the duration of the experiment, typically 4 to 6 weeks. Once out, PCBs from the LDPE samplers were extracted using dichloromethane, purified by adsorption chromatography and analysed by gas chromatography (GC-ECD). Results show the great interest of LDPE passive samplers in the identification of sources of contamination in rivers. One industrial site, a former landfill and a wastewater treatment plant receiving waters from an industrial zone were pointed out as sources of PCBs in both rivers