A review on Precoding Techniques For mm-Wave Massive MIMO Wireless Systems

The growing demands for high data rate wireless connectivity shed lights on the fact that appropriate spectrum regions need to be investigated so that the expected future needs will be satisfied. With this in mind, the research community has shown considerable interest in millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communication. Generally, hybrid transceivers combining the analog phase shifter and the RF chains with digital signal processing (DSP) systems are used for MIMO communication in the fifth generation (5G) wireless networks. This paper presents a survey for different precoding or beamforming techniques that have been proposed in the literature. These beamforming techniques are mainly classified based on their hardware structure into analog and digital beamforming. To reduce the hardware complexity and power consumption, the hybrid precoding techniques that combine analog and digital beamforming can be implemented for mm-wave massive MIMO wireless systems. The performance of the most common hybrid precoding algorithms has been investigated in this paper

Effect of Nanoformulated Thymol, Nanoformulated Doxorubicin and Their Combination on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line: A Comparative Ex-Vivo Study

Background: Nanoparticles are a promising technology in drug delivery mechanisms as they are considered the upcoming technological revolution in the 21st century.  Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common kind of cancer in the head and neck, with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounting for the majority of cases and an expanding number of scientific research on this subject supports the need to emphasize that there is still much room for improvement. Recently, there has been a noticeable rise in interest in dietary phytochemical consumption for possible cancer chemoprevention. Our study is pioneer in applying nanoformulated thymol as antineoplastic drug to overcome drawbacks of chemotherapeutic drugs. Although Doxorubicin (DOX) is the most preferrable chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of OSCC, its application is limited due to its various side effects. Accordingly, it is mandatory to explore the outstanding properties of nanoformulated form on HNO-97 cell line. Aim: Investigate the possible synergy between nanoformulated thymol and nanoformulated DOX on the oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line. Material and Method: Lingual cell line (HNO-97) cells were cultured. Serial concentrations of nanoformulated thymol and nanoformulated DOX were prepared. Calculation of minimum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of thymol, DOX, nano-thymol and nano-DOX, followed by investigation of cell proliferation by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) through the measurement of C-MYC gene expression was performed. Results: HNO-97 cells treated with combined therapy of nano-thymol and nano-DOX, drastically reduced C-MYC gene expression. Conclusion: Based on current findings, combination of nano-DOX and nano-thymol may be a viable supplementary anticancer therapy for OSCC by reducing proliferation of the cells

Development of Logical and Critical Thinking Skills of Children

Toddlers solve problems through trial and error. This in turn helps them think logically. During play, children discover real-life skills that are needed to identify a problem resolve a conflict and take action. Critical thinking is one of the main skills of the 21st century that allows you to analyze data, draw conclusions and make decisions based on analysis, as well as form your own opinion and defend your own position. Today in the modern world, everyone can be seen under the sea of data. They have a wide variety of resources and the information needs to be revised and verified. Through critical thinking, we see various contradictions and contradictions, remove misinformation from among them and interpret them sorted

Vagus Nerve Acupucture-Like Transcutanious Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Immunity After Liver Resection

Objective: To find out the therapeutic impact of acupuncture like-transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation of vagus nerve on immunity after liver resection. Methods This was a single-blind randomized controlled trial. A total of sixty individuals who had undergone liver resection at the National Liver Institute Hospital at Menofiea University were randomly divided into two groups: study group A (n=30) and control group B (n=30). The study group had vagus nerve stimulation with acupuncture like-TENS parameters include low-frequency (2–10Hz), pulse width (100–40

Different Designs of Dual-Focus Perforated Transmitarray Antenna in Near/Far-Field Region

Designs of the single-focus and multi-focused transmitarray antennas for the near-field (NF) or/and far-field (FF) applications have been introduced. Perforated dielectric single sheet is used for transmitarray design for simple configuration. Single-focus transmitarray for the far-field and the near-field are obtained. The radiation characteristics of 13×13 unit-cells transmitarray in the near-field and the far-field region have been investigated. A single structure multi-focus transmitarray is designed using the chess-board arrangement of the unit-cells elements. Multi-focus transmitarray for FF/FF, FF/NF, and NF/NF have been designed and investigated. The phase distribution and the corresponding holes radii for the first quadrant of the multi-focus transmitarray are presented. The radiation characteristics of different array configuration have been investigated and analyzed using full-wave simulator CST Microwave Studio

Integrated Millimeter-Wave Antennas for On-Chip Communication

This paper introduces the design and analysis of circularly polarized (CP) and dual-polarized on-chip microstrip antennas for wireless communication at 60 GHz. The CP on-chip antenna consists of a circular aluminum patch with two overlapped circular slots fed by the transmission line. The radiation characteristics of the CP have been analyzed using the finite integration technique and finite element method based electromagnetic solvers. The CP antenna introduces left-hand circular polarization and employs as on-chip transmitter. A design of dual-polarized on-chip microstrip antenna at 60 GHz is investigated and is employed as on-chip receiver. The dual ports of the dual polarized antenna are designed with high isolation between them in order to be used as a two on-chip receivers. The radiation characteristics of the dual-port antenna have been calculated. The effect of the separation distance between the CP-antenna and the dual-polarized antenna on the same chip has been investigated. The performance parameters like the reflection coefficient, transmission coefficient, and the transmission gain of the two antennas at different separation distances have been introduced

Efficacy of 3D visualization in mobile apps for patient education regarding orthognathic surgery

‘Sur-face’ is an interactive mobile app illustrating different orthognathic surgeries and their potential complications. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Sur-face by comparing two methods of delivering patient information on orthognathic surgeries and their related potential complications: a mobile app with interactive 3D animations and a voice recording containing verbal instructions only. For each method, the participants’ acquired knowledge was assessed using a custom-designed questionnaire. Participants in the ‘app’ group performed significantly better (P<0.0034) than those in the ‘voice’ group and retained more knowledge, suggesting that interactive visualizations play a key role in improving understanding of the orthognathic surgical procedure and its associated complications. This study emphasizes the impact of 3D visualizations in delivering information regarding orthognathic surgery and highlights the advantage of delivering validated patient information through mobile apps

Apple polyphenol extract improves insulin sensitivity in vitro and in vivo in animal models of insulin resistance

Background: Apple polyphenols could represent a novel nutritional approach in the management and control of blood glucose, especially in type 2 diabetics. The aim of this study was to test the therapeutic potential of an apple polyphenol extract (APE) in an insulin-resistant rat model and to determine the molecular basis of insulin sensitivity action in skeletal muscle cells.Methods: Acute effect of APE on the postprandial hyperglycemic response was assayed in 15 week old obese Zucker rats (OZR), by using a meal tolerance test (MTT). The ability of APE to improve whole peripheral insulin sensitivity was also assayed in a chronic study by using the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms, rat L6 myotubes were used. Glucose uptake was measured by using 2-[3H]-Deoxy-Glucose (2-DG) and specific inhibitors, as well as phosphorylation status of key kinases, were used to determine the implicated signaling pathway.Results: In vivo study showed that nutritional intervention with APE induced an increase of insulin sensitivity with an increase of glucose infusion rate (GIR) of 45 %. Additionally, in vitro results showed a synergistic effect between APE and insulin as well as increased glucose uptake through GLUT4 translocation in muscle cells. This translocation was mediated by phosphatydil inositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) signaling pathways.Conclusions: As a whole, this study describes the mechanisms involved in the insulin sensitizing effect of APE, which could be considered a promising ingredient for inclusion in nutritional products focused on the management of chronic diseases such as diabetes.This research was supported by funds from Abbott Laboratories S.A