Tilbaşar Höyük’te ele geçen şerit perdahlı seramik buluntuların çoklu analiz teknikleri kullanılarak araştırılması

In the present study, representative samples of ring burnished ceramic findings belonging to the Early Bronze Age (from Tilbaşar Mound, Gaziantep, Turkey) were archaeometrically investigated by means of multiple analysis methods covering X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy together with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, optical microscopy and thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis. Additionally, the colors of the potsherds were determined by chromametric analysis. The main aim of the research was to elucidate the raw material content (minerals, additional materials, if exist, etc.) and production features of the findings by means of chemical, mineralogical and microscopic techniques, as mentioned. The results indicated that the samples comprise carbonates suggesting use of calcareous clay batches which likely refer to a regional production (when the geological features of the area covering the mound are considered). Taking into account the mineral/phase content and the micro structural features (poor vitrification behavior) of the samples, it was deduced that the firing temperatures of the potsherds change in the range of 700-900oC which could be attributed to a relatively simple firing technique (e.g. pit firing). The whole data obtained in the study brought the thought that the ring burnished potteries have presumably been produced using simple techniques in terms of raw material preparation and firing technology.Mevcut çalışmada Erken Tunç Çağı’na ait şerit perdahlı seramik buluntular (Tilbaşar Höyük, Gaziantep) X-ışını difraksiyonu, taramalı elektron mikroskobu/enerji saçınımlı X-ray spektroskopisi, optik mikroskop ve termogravimetrik-diferansiyel termal analiz teknikleri ile arkeometrik olarak incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, seramik buluntuların renkleri kromametrik analiz ile belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın temel amacı buluntuların hammadde içeriklerinin (mineral, ilave malzemeler; eğer mevcut ise, vb.) ve üretim özelliklerinin kimyasal, mineralojik ve mikroskobik metotlarla aydınlatılmasıdır. Sonuçlar, numunelerin karbonatlı hammadde içerdiğini ve höyüğü çevreleyen alanın jeolojik özellikleri dikkate alındığında büyük olasılıkla bölgesel bir üretim ile ilişkilendirilebilecek kalkerli kil yataklarının kullanıldığını göstermektedir. Örneklerin mineral/faz içeriği ve mikro yapısal özellikleri (zayıf vitrifikasyon davranışı) göz önüne alındığında, seramiklerin pişirim sıcaklığının 700-900oC aralığında değiştiği ve bu durumun da göreceli olarak basit bir pişirme tekniğine (ör, çukurda pişirim) bağlı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlar şerit perdahlı seramik buluntularının hammadde hazırlama ve pişirim teknolojisi bakımından basit teknikler kullanılarak üretilmiş olabilecekleri düşüncesini ortaya koymuştur

THE EFFECT OF CREDIT DEFAULT SWAPS (CDS) ON BIST100 IN TURKEY: MS-VAR APPROACH

2008 Global Financial Crisis has brought financial risk control to the forefront for countries. In this context, the Credit Default Swap (CDS), which shows the country's risk premiums as well as the credit ratings of the countries, has become an important indicator especially for foreign investors. Thus, investor decisions in stock markets have become more sensitive to CDS premiums. In particular, it is expected that foreign investments needed in a country such as Turkey having a volatile financial system may be affected from risk premiums such as CDS. In this study; the non-linear relationship between CDS premiums and Borsa Istanbul 100 Index (BIST100) has been analyzed by using Markov Regime Switching Vector Autoregressive (MS-VAR) model for the period of March 2005-May 2017. According to the findings; it has been seen that there is a negative relationship between CDS premiums and BIST100 index in both regimes. From this point of view; it is possible to say that investors consider CDS premiums as an important indicator while taking investment decisions

A comparison of the effects of desflurane and total intravenous anaesthesia on the motor evoked responses in scoliosis surgery

Background: In the present study, we compared the effects of total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) and desflurane anaesthesia on tcMEPs in scoliosis surgery.Methods: The study included 45 patients between the ages of 18 to 50 years, and classified as ASAI-II; which were planned to undergo posterior fusion/instrumentation operations for elective scoliosis.  Anaesthesia was maintained using 50-150 mcg/kg/min propofol in Group T(TIVA), and desflurane (0.5 MAC) in Group D, and with infusions of 0.05-0.3 mcg/kg/min remifentanil at 50 % O2 + air in both groups, by applying drugs at doses so that bispectral index (BIS) would be maintained between 40 and 60 throughout the course of anaesthesia. The tcMEP responses were measured four times during the operation, and BIS, train-of-four (TOF), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate(HR), and end tidal CO2(ETCO2) values were recorded simultaneously. In both group the anaesthesia was ended at the final surgical suture.  The recovery parameters were recorded.Results: The groups were found not to differ regarding the demographic characteristics, duration of the anaesthesia and the surgery, remifentanil dosage, tcMEP, the simultaneously recorded TOF, MAP, HR and ETCO2 values, and the amount of perioperative bleeding. The cooperation time and the orientation time were shorter in group D. The tcMEP responses were recorded in the appropriate times and amplitudes in both groups. Conclusions: TIVA is primarily used in routine applications in spinal surgery; however our study results revealed that 0.5 MAC desflurane may also be safely used in association with remifentanil, with the resultant correct tcMEP responses. 

Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pooled analysis of four observational studies

Background: Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, the practice of ventilation, and outcome in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain unexplored. In this analysis we aim to address these gaps using individual patient data of four large observational studies. Methods: In this pooled analysis we harmonised individual patient data from the ERICC, LUNG SAFE, PRoVENT, and PRoVENT-iMiC prospective observational studies, which were conducted from June, 2011, to December, 2018, in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. We used the 2016 World Bank classification to define two geoeconomic regions: middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patients in MICs versus HICs. The primary outcome was the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were key ventilation parameters (tidal volume size, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate), patient characteristics, the risk for and actual development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first day of ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality. Findings: Of the 7608 patients included in the original studies, this analysis included 3852 patients without ARDS, of whom 2345 were from MICs and 1507 were from HICs. Patients in MICs were younger, shorter and with a slightly lower body-mass index, more often had diabetes and active cancer, but less often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure than patients from HICs. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar in MICs and HICs. Use of LTVV in MICs and HICs was comparable (42\ub74% vs 44\ub72%; absolute difference \u20131\ub769 [\u20139\ub758 to 6\ub711] p=0\ub767; data available in 3174 [82%] of 3852 patients). The median applied positive end expiratory pressure was lower in MICs than in HICs (5 [IQR 5\u20138] vs 6 [5\u20138] cm H2O; p=0\ub70011). ICU mortality was higher in MICs than in HICs (30\ub75% vs 19\ub79%; p=0\ub70004; adjusted effect 16\ub741% [95% CI 9\ub752\u201323\ub752]; p<0\ub70001) and was inversely associated with gross domestic product (adjusted odds ratio for a US$10 000 increase per capita 0\ub780 [95% CI 0\ub775\u20130\ub786]; p<0\ub70001). Interpretation: Despite similar disease severity and ventilation management, ICU mortality in patients without ARDS is higher in MICs than in HICs, with a strong association with country-level economic status. Funding: No funding

HOW DOES YIELD CURVE AFFECT BANK PROFITABILITY? EVIDENCE FROM DYNAMIC PANEL DATA ANALYSIS

Bu çalışmanın amacı bankaların kârlılığı ile getiri eğrisi arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Farklıbüyüklükteki bankalar üzerinden analizler yapılarak ölçek büyüklüğüne göre bankaların getiri eğrisine verdiğitepkiler araştırılmaktadır. Analiz, Türk bankacılık sektöründe faaliyet gösteren 26 mevduat bankasını ve 2005-2017 dönemine ait yıllık verileri kapsamaktadır. Çalışmada getiri eğrisi Nelson-Siegel yaklaşımı iletahminlenirken, bankaların kârlılık göstergesini temsilen net faiz marjı değişkeni kullanılmıştır. Ampirikbulgular ise sistem GMM yaklaşımı ile tahmin edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, getiri eğrisinin eğimi ilebankaların kâr marjı arasında pozitif bir ilişkin olduğunu göstermektedir. Buna göre faiz oranlarının vadeyapısı ile bankaların kâr marjının aynı yönde hareket ettiği söylenebilir. Küçük ölçekli bankalarda ise net faizmarjı ile getiri eğrisinin eğimi arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamaktadır.The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between the profitability of banks and the yield curve. By analyzing the banks of different sizes, the responses of the banks to the yield curve according to the scale size are investigated. The analysis includes 26 deposit banks operating in the Turkish banking sector and annual data for the period 2005-2017. In the study, while the yield curve is estimated with the Nelson-Siegel approach, the net interest margin variable is used to represent the profitability indicator of banks. Empirical findings were estimated by the system GMM approach. The findings show that there is a positive relationship between the slope of the yield curve and the profit margin of the banks. Accordingly, it can be said that the term structure of interest rates and the profit margin of the banks move in the same direction. In small-scale banks, there is no statistically significant relationship between the net interest margin and the slope of the yield curve

Bireysel emeklilik sistemi ve sermaye piyasalarında beklenen etkiler

Bireysel emeklilik sistemi aslında bir fon yönetimi sistemidir. Fon yönetimi ise, istikrarlı, gelişmiş bir sermaye piyasasına ihtiyaç göstermektedir

GETİRİ EĞRİSİ BANKA KÂRLILIĞINI NASIL ETKİLER? DİNAMİK PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ BULGULARI

Bu çalışmanın amacı bankaların kârlılığı ile getiri eğrisi arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Farklıbüyüklükteki bankalar üzerinden analizler yapılarak ölçek büyüklüğüne göre bankaların getiri eğrisine verdiğitepkiler araştırılmaktadır. Analiz, Türk bankacılık sektöründe faaliyet gösteren 26 mevduat bankasını ve 2005-2017 dönemine ait yıllık verileri kapsamaktadır. Çalışmada getiri eğrisi Nelson-Siegel yaklaşımı iletahminlenirken, bankaların kârlılık göstergesini temsilen net faiz marjı değişkeni kullanılmıştır. Ampirikbulgular ise sistem GMM yaklaşımı ile tahmin edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, getiri eğrisinin eğimi ilebankaların kâr marjı arasında pozitif bir ilişkin olduğunu göstermektedir. Buna göre faiz oranlarının vadeyapısı ile bankaların kâr marjının aynı yönde hareket ettiği söylenebilir. Küçük ölçekli bankalarda ise net faizmarjı ile getiri eğrisinin eğimi arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamaktadır

Analysis of Feldstein - Horioka Hypothesis with Regards to Public and Private Saving - Investment Balance in Turkey

Investments, which are the prerequisite of economic growth and development, are financed by savings. For this reason, determination of the conversion rate of savings into investment has a considerable importance in terms of determining the economic policies. In this study, in Turkey, private saving-investment relationship and public saving-investment relationship are examined and analyzed separately. In this respect, the relationship between savings and investments in Turkey is examined in the framework of the Feldstein-Horioka Hypothesis for the period 1975-2014. As a result of the study, there has been no cointegration between private savings and investments in Turkey. In terms of public savings and investments, the rate of conversion of public savings into investments is low