Адаптация китайских студентов в поликультурной среде российской высшей школы в период дистанционного обучения

The processes of globalization lead to a constant increase in mobility. The changing society has long ceased to be a closed and limited system of nation-states. The aim of the research is to determine the conditions of social adaptation of students in multicultural environment in the period of distance learning. The problem of finding the concept that provides adaptability and sustainability of the personality, capable of successful development and interaction in the multicultural space of the Russian university is actualized. A series of sociological studies on the problems of interaction between Russian and Chinese students in the educational space of universities was conducted. In 2016, the project «Russian-Chinese dialogue: the way to meet each other» was implemented within the Program of development of student associations’ activities supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation 2016-PSO-94 with our participation. A survey involved Chinese and Russian students from three universities in Yekaterinburg (500 Russian and 500 Chinese students participated in the survey). In 2019-2020 a survey was carried out among Russian universities according to the author’s methodology of the matrix of four bases (500 Chinese students). In 2020, we dealt with 2 focus groups with Chinese students. and administered in-depth interviews with Chinese professionals who graduated from Russian higher education (50 Chinese graduates of Russian universities). The geography of the research included the leading universities of Moscow, Yekaterinburg, Tyumen, Chelyabinsk. The obtained data and coordination of the conclusions with a number of studies require creating a system for training multicultural educatorsto provide distance learning.Процессы всемирной глобализации ведут к постоянному росту мобильности. Меняющееся общество уже давно перестало быть закрытой и ограниченной системой национальных государств. Целью данного исследования является определение условий социальной адаптации студентов в поликультурной среде в период дистанционного обучения. Актуализируется проблема поиска концепции, обеспечивающей адаптивность и устойчивость личности, способной успешно развиваться и взаимодействовать в мультикультурном пространстве российского вуза. Была проведена серия социологических исследований, посвященных проблемам взаимодействия российских и китайских студентов в образовательном пространстве вузов. В 2016 году был реализован проект «Российско-китайский диалог: путь навстречу друг другу» в рамках Программы развития деятельности студенческих объединений при поддержке Минобрнауки РФ 2016-ПСО-94 с нашим участием. Был проведен опрос среди китайских и российских студентов трех вузов Екатеринбурга (в опросе приняли участие 500 российских и 500 китайских студентов). В 2019–2020 годах был проведен опрос по вузам России по авторской методике матрицы четырех оснований (500 китайских студентов). География исследования включала ведущие вузы Москвы, Екатеринбурга, Тюмени, Челябинска. Полученные данные и согласование выводов с рядом исследований предусматривают необходимость изучения проблемы создания системы подготовки педагогических кадров мультикультурного образования для обеспечения дистанционного обучения

New Format of the Final State Examination at Bachelor Graduates in the Field of «Pedagogical Education»

The purpose of this study is to build a model of fund tasks aimed at assessing general professional and universal competencies of bachelor's graduates studying in the field of training «Pedagogical education» at the stage of preparation and conduct of the final state exam. Systemic, action-oriented, competency-based and contextual approaches were used as methodological guidelines in the development of fundraising tasks. The authors defined the notions of "fund task", "key actions" and highlighted the types of fund tasks, justified the need to change the form and content of evaluation tools used in the preparation and conduct of the final state exam

Место современных продуктов прикорма в критическом периоде формирования здоровья ребенка

The current development of medicine and the results of recent large-scale academic research in pediatrics provide the convincing conclusions that the formation of human health begins in the antenatal period of ontogenesis and continues throughout the infancy. The ideas and subsequent academic research on the influence of nutrition during the first thousand days of life on the programming of metabolism and the development of some chronic somatic diseases such as obesity, hypertension, coronary heart disease have become widespread. In addition, at the same period of life immune abnormalities with a predominance of one of the subpopulations, Th1 or Th2, can possibly form in children at risk of developing allergies when immune response is developing. The predominance of the Th2 cytokine profile (hyperproduction of interleukins 4, 5, 13, etc.) suggests the possibility of stable formation of the atopic status in a child afterwards. Consequently, the application of academic knowledge on the health status programming by nutrition during early ontogenesis is an important tool in preventive pediatric practice.Развитие современной медицины, результаты последних масштабных научных исследований в педиатрии приводят к убедительным выводам, что формирование здоровья человека начинается в антенатальном периоде онтогенеза и продолжается на протяжении раннего детского возраста. Широкое распространение получили идеи и последовавшие за ними научные исследования о влиянии питания первых тысячи дней жизни в программировании метаболизма и развитии некоторых хронических соматических болезней, таких как ожирение, гипертоническая болезнь, ишемическая болезнь сердца. Вместе с тем в этот же период жизни у детей групп риска по развитию аллергии при становлении иммунного ответа возможно программирование иммунных отклонений с преобладанием одной из субпопуляций — Th1 или Th2. Преобладание цитокинового профиля Th2 (гиперпродукция интерлейкинов 4, 5, 13 и др.) предполагает возможность стойкого формирования атопического статуса ребенка в дальнейшем. Следовательно, использование научных знаний о программировании состояния здоровья питанием в процессе раннего онтогенеза является важным инструментом в практической профилактической педиатрии.КОНФЛИКТ ИНТЕРЕСОВТ.В. Турти, Е.Г. Бокучава сотрудничают с АО «ПРОГРЕСС».И.А. Беляева сотрудничает с компанией «Пфайзер Инновации».Остальные авторы статьи подтвердили отсутствие конфликта интересов

Teaching a foreign language for professional purposes: peculiarities of legal terms used in teaching the language of a speciality for international specialists

Aim. One of the most important tasks which precedes the setting of goals for teaching a foreign language of a specialty and the selection of methods for achieving them is to identify the competencies that a qualified specialist must master. Therefore, the authors of this article see the need to set the following research tasks: the identification of professional competencies in the professional discourse of international affairs; the allocation of competencies among those that require the knowledge of a foreign language; and determination of the language material necessary for studying the specialty in the language lessons for international affairs. Methods. The empirical methods of our research comprise studying and analysis of the works of Russian and foreign scientists and teachers working in the related fields; and interviewing specialists in the international sphere who have graduated from the faculties and institutes of international relations, international law, world politics and economics in the form of an anonymous questionnaire. Theoretical methods include analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalisation, deduction, and induction. Results. A study based on the analysis of a survey completed by international specialists showed that a large number of professionals in the field of international relations, international law, politics, and economics use legal terminology in their work more often than others. Among the professional skills that are required in their work, the respondents named negotiation, business dialogue, and correspondence. Conclusion. A recent study has shown that disciplines such as international law must be included in the language training program for international specialists as diplomates and lawyers

Modal characteristics of advertising slogans in English and Chinese

The present work explores the modal architectonics of the advertising slogan as a type of microtext in English and Chinese. The authors attempted to describe the basic markers of the text category of modality. According to this data we could carry out the linguistic analysis of the selected language material. The main language models of English and Chinese advertising slogans are revealed, such as: slogan-axiom, slogan-commissive, slogan-directive, slogan-interrogative and slogan-qualitative. As the result of the study, we have revealed and distinguished a list of invariant features such as: modal determination, one-system modal construction, monomodality, heterogeneity of language means. They are used to construct a text category of modality in this type of the microtext in the English and Chinese languages, in general, and for each language model, in particular

From Foreign Languages to a Profession: The Professional Identity Formation During the Lessons of a Foreign Language for Special Purposes (Lexical and Professional Aspects)

Thesis. The authors of the study consider important issues of the professional competencies formation during the process of teaching a foreign language to law students as a process of their professional identity formation. The authors had to identify by interviewing students what types of exercises help them to master their chosen speciality in a foreign language. Methods. The authors rely on comparative, competitive methods, as the interdisciplinary approach principles. Comparing the programmes of teaching a foreign language of speciality and international law, the authors build a system of a single learning process as one of forming a professional identity. Results. Authors of the study tried to build the process methodology of teaching the language of the speciality as a formative one of students’ professional identity. The authors cited as an example the system of methods and exercises used in the language lessons of the speciality, with the aim of formation of not only linguistic but also legal professional competencies. Conclusion. The process of forming a professional identity in the process of studying at a university is one of the most important in the development of the professional personality of a future specialist. Teaching a foreign language in humanitarian universities is an important process which should be revised in accordance with the main discipline teaching programmes. It’s important to create such methodological complexes that would allow the speciality language lessons to bring the learning process as close as possible to a professional one

Syntactic means of positive emotions representation in American and British drama

The paper discusses the peculiarities of syntactic constructions presenting positive emotions in the speech of characters in dramas by modern American and British playwrights. The proposed research method suggests application of a correlative classification of extralinguistic and linguistic features including paradigmatic systems of emotional states and structural forms as an instrument for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Positive emotions are classified according to the criterion of their impact on speech-thought processes. A hierarchical paradigmatic classification of structural deformations of the emotionally neutral invariant including transformations, modifications and primary syntactic features is introduced. The prognostic potential of primary syntactic features in respect of the three types of emotional states is explored. It is shown that more than a half of primary features when used in isolation belong to the first (absolute) or the second level of dominancy according to the algorithmic identification of the emotional state type and that the character of positive emotions’ effect on the speech-thought process (beneficial, boundary or destructive) correlates with the choice of syntactic structures. Differences in the number and types of syntactic constructions realized under the influence of positive and negative emotions are described. The role of qualitative and quantitative discrepancy in syntactic specificities with positive and negative emotions for further researches concerning identification issues purposes is shown

Artificial Intelligence in Computer Games

This article presents the development and study of a model for formalizing the decision-making process in a computer game using artificial intelligence methods. Game artificial intelligence is implemented using a rather limited set of tools: artificial neural networks, evolutionary algorithms, specialized architectures for building artificial intelligence systems. But neural networks also have a number of disadvantages. Perhaps the most significant of them is the complexity and long network training time. The problem is raised of developing new mathematical algorithms that have a probability of making the right decision, comparable to neural networks, but with less training time. At the moment, there is no single model of the artificial immune system for the development of artificial intelligence in computer and mobile games. Thus, the problem is raised of developing new algorithms that allow realizing interaction with the player in a computer game, having speed and realism comparable to artificial neural networks and expert systems, and at the same time having less training time. One of the ways to solve this problem is to develop a game artificial intelligence model based on an artificial immune system. The dot game is a modification of the Japanese game go. In this game, positional strategic planning is combined with tactical enumeration of options. The implementation of artificial intelligence in this game in the form of a decision tree is not rational for solving this problem. To simplify the search for the optimal solution, heuristic rules were used. To reduce the solution search time, game artificial intelligence was created using methods based on the principles of the immune system. The artificial immune system is an idealized version of the natural analogue and reproduces the key components of the natural process: selection of the best antibodies in the population depending on the degree of their affinity (proximity) to the antigen, antibody cloning, antibody mutation

Narrative strategies in a nondemocratic setting: Moscow’s urban policy debates

The Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) explains the role of narratives in policy processes. The NPF was developed for democratic contexts and has not been systematically applied in a nondemocratic setting. This study fills this gap with an empirical analysis of narrative strategies used by governmental and oppositional actors in urban policy debates in Moscow. Results show how governmental actors consistently use angel shifts, contain issues, and avoid using causal mechanisms, while actors opposing governmental policy use devil shifts, expand issues, and use intentional causal mechanisms. The findings suggest that narrative strategies differ depending on whether policy actors seek to promote policy reforms or draw attention to problems. We argue that policy actors’ objectives are a wellsuited predictor for narrative strategies in both democratic and nondemocratic contexts

INNOVATION STRUCTURE FOR RESEARCH ACTIVITIES AT THE UNIVERSITY

The article deals with the role of the International Innovative University in the national science development. The innovative structure for the of the organization research activities attheUniversity including research institutes, sceintific laboratories, and innovation, technology and consulting centres is considered. The university accomplishes fundamental research, applied research and development, implementation of study results into educational process and into practice. The university possesses its own business incubator for commercialization of study research and for aquiring professional skills by students