Preliminary investigation on growth responses of Cyprinus carpio L. fed on locally formulated artificial diets

The growth rate and feed conversion ratios of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio were measured for five test diets in 14-day replicate laboratory studies. The young carp were fed with artificial test diets with crude protein contents ranging from 14.50 to 21.42 per cent. Within this range of feed characteristic optimum growth rates were obtained with diets containing 20.25 and 21.42 per cent crude protein. The study of the effect of varying ration levels showed that growth rates increased with increases of ration size, but the food conversion efficiency and protein efficiency ratios decreased markedly as ration size was increase

An evaluation of the trophic status of the Shen Reservoir by an analysis of phytoplankton composition and water characteristics

In an effort to evaluate the production potential of an artificial impoundment, the phytoplankton of the Shen reservoir was sampled from November 1981 to June 1982 at three stations during three periods of distinct seasonal hydrographic characteristics. The samples were subsampled and quantified. Most of the phytoplankton were identified to the species level. There were in all 53 species comprising Chlorophyceae contributing 36.70% with species of Volvox, Pediastrum, Closterium, Staurodesmus and Ankistrodesmus as dominant species in this group. The Cyanophyceae contributed 30.00% with species of Microcystis, Nostoc , and Oscillatoria as the dominant species. An analysis of temporal and spatial changes in composition and abundance of the various groups showed that these were influenced by water temperature, sampling period and station. Based on the trophic status of the most abundant species, the composition of the phytoplankton is indicative of a tropical reservoir with a moderate productivity for fish cultur

Factors influencing graphical user algorithm for mobile banking user authentication: a systematic literature review

The usability and security issues associated with mobile banking user authentication techniques and security have been constantly mentioned. With the increasing number of mobile users, which currently is estimated to be about 500million users by 2015 according to a study done by the Yankee Group in 2011, the main objective of this study is to review studies on mobile banking usability factors and graphical user authentication algorithms on the suitable algorithm to be adopted for mobile banking user authentication. A total of 84 articles were extracted using a predefined search string. A quality criterion was applied on the set of articles and a total of 22 articles were determined for further analysis. 8 factors were determined to influence our scope of research study with the main factors for mobile banking usability being mobile banking user adoption and usability features and for graphical user authentication being graphical passwords and graphical authentication

Geophysical Analysis of Basement Terrain Groundwater Using Vertical Electrical Sounding: A Case Study of Parts of Abuja North Central Nigeria

The successful exploitation of groundwater requires a proper understanding of the hydrogeological characteristics of the sub-surface aquifers found within the basement complex. This can be carried out using various geophysical survey methods. Groundwater occurs in the joints, fissures, fractures, shear zones and weathered overburden of un-weathered rocks. Therefore effective groundwater development requires careful geophysical analysis and interpretation of data. The use of vertical electrical sounding (VES) for groundwater (hydrogeological) exploration is popular in the basement complex rocks and sedimentary basins. This study was aimed at analysing the hydro geological characteristics such as bedrock depth, lithological units and degree of fracturing and drilling location of groundwater in the basement complex / terrain of Garki, Kurudu, Dei-Dei and Kubwa areas of Abuja, North central Nigeria using Resistivity Method. Finally, the results indicate that the choice of geophysical survey method determined by physical properties of the area; influence groundwater availability, susceptibility and supply

Study on the biomass yield of Duckweed (Lemna minor) (L.) in hydroponic cultures containing different concentrations of aquaeous extract of chicken manure

The biomass yields of duck week (Lemna minor(L) was monitored in hydroponic media prepared by variously extracting 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00g of dried chicken manure per liter of city water (tap water) supply. The culture media consisting of aqueous extract of the various manure treatments were made up to 12 liters in all cases with tap water as control. Plastic baths of 25 liters capacity with 0.71 super(m2) surface area were used as culture facility. Each bath was stocked at a density of 30g super(m-2) with fresh weed samples (i.e 21.30g/bath). Maximum yields were obtained at all treatment levels and control on day 3 and based on the highest yield of 0.37gm super(-2)d super(-1) (dry matter) obtained at 1.00gL manure treatment which was however not significantly higher (P>0.05) than the 0.36gm super(-2)d super(-1) (dry matter) at 0.05gl super(-1) media manure content, an average manure level of 0.75l super(-1) was selected and used to determine the operational plant density. Thus fresh weights of 30 to 300gm super(-2) was grown in triplicate at 30g intervals for a period of 3 days. A regression equation of Y=2.6720+0.0021x with a corresponding maximum density or operational plant density of 266gm super(-2) and yield of 0.98gm super(-2), d super(-1) (dry matter) were obtained. Further growth trials were carried out at the operational density and manure levels of 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 1.75 and 2.00gl super(-1) media manure concentration giving a significantly higher yield (P<0.05) of 17gm super(-2), d super(-1) (dry matter). This yield was however doubled to between 2.21 and 2.24gm super(-2) d super(-1) (equivalent to 7.96 to 8.06mt.ha-1, Yr-1 dry matter on extrapolation) if 25% and 75% respectively of the total weed cover were harvested daily within the experimental period. The role of some dissolved plant nutrients (DPN) were also discusse

Geophysical Analysis of Basement Terrain Groundwater Using Vertical Electrical Sounding: A Case Study of Parts of Abuja North Central Nigeria

The successful exploitation of groundwater requires a proper understanding of the hydrogeological characteristics of the sub-surface aquifers found within the basement complex. This can be carried out using various geophysical survey methods. Groundwater occurs in the joints, fissures, fractures, shear zones and weathered overburden of un-weathered rocks. Therefore effective groundwater development requires careful geophysical analysis and interpretation of data. The use of vertical electrical sounding (VES) for groundwater (hydrogeological) exploration is popular in the basement complex rocks and sedimentary basins. This study was aimed at analysing the hydro geological characteristics such as bedrock depth, lithological units and degree of fracturing and drilling location of groundwater in the basement complex / terrain of Garki, Kurudu, Dei-Dei and Kubwa areas of Abuja, North central Nigeria using Resistivity Method. Finally, the results indicate that the choice of geophysical survey method determined by physical properties of the area; influence groundwater availability, susceptibility and supply

Intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome in pancreatitis, paediatrics, and trauma

Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) is an important contributor to early organ dysfunction in trauma and sepsis. However, relatively little is known about the impact of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) in general internal medicine, pregnant patients, and those with obesity or burns. The aim of this paper is to review the pathophysiologic implications and treatment options for IAH in these specific situations. A MEDLINE and PubMed search was performed and the resulting body-of-evidence included in the current review on the basis of relevance and scientific merit. There is increasing awareness of the role of IAH in different clinical situations. Specifically, IAH will develop in most (if not all) severely burned patients, and may contribute to early mortality. One should avoid over-resuscitation of these patients with large volumes of fluids, especially crystalloids. Acute elevations in IAP have similar effects in obese patients compared to non-obese patients, but the threshold IAP associated with organ dysfunction may be higher. Chronic elevations in IAP may, in part, be responsible for the pathogenesis of obesity-related co-morbid conditions such as hypertension, pseudotumor cerebri, pulmonary dysfunction, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and abdominal wall hernias. At the bedside, measuring IAP and considering IAH in all critical maternal conditions is essential, especially in preeclampsia/eclampsia where some have hypothesized that IAH may have an additional role. IAH in pregnancy must take into account the precautions for aorto-caval compression and has been associated with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Recently, IAP has been associated with the cardiorenal dilemma and hepatorenal syndrome, and this has led to the recognition of the polycompartment syndrome. In conclusion, IAH and ACS have been associated with several patient populations beyond the classical ICU, surgical, and trauma patients. In all at risk conditions the focus should be on the early recognition of IAH and prevention of ACS. Patients at risk for IAH should be identified early through measurements of IAP. Appropriate actions should be taken when IAP increases above 15 mm Hg, especially if pressures reach above 20 mm Hg with new onset organ failure. Although non-operative measures come first, surgical decompression must not be delayed if these fail. Percutaneous drainage of ascites is a simple and potentially effective tool to reduce IAP if organ dysfunction develops, especially in burn patients. Escharotomy may also dramatically reduce IAP in the case of abdominal burns

A review on the graphical user authentication algorithm : recognition-based and recall-based.

User authentication has become an important consideration in information security as traditional password-based schemes are constantly subjected to attacks. Graphical images have now taken center stage as they are easier to remember and offer other security features. In this paper, we explore two categories of the Graphical User Authentication Algorithm: Recognition-based and Recall-based. Examples from both categories are presented to compare the types of attacks encountered, usability and security

Antimicrobial activities of Carica papaya leaf against diarrhoea causing agents

The advent of science to the search for antibiotics principally depends on medicinal plants as raw materials. This present study evaluated the antimicrobial effect of Carica papaya leaf extracts against bacterial and fungal agents that causes diarrhoea. Fresh tender roots and leaves of this plant was collected, air-dried, powdered and percolated in n-hexane, methanol and aqueous solvents. The antimicrobial activities of the extract against test organisms were tested by using agar well diffusion assay and the MIC, MBC and MFC values were determined by agar dilution assay. The results revealed that the crude methanol and aqueous extracts of Carica papaya had no anti-fungal activity, but have antibacterial activity. N.hexane extract of C. papaya had most activity than other solvents with MIC ranged from 25 mg/ml to 50 mg/ml and MBC ranged from 50 mg/ml to 100 mg/ml.These results suggest that paw paw leaf extract is recommended as a diarrhoea disease remedy

Enhancing agency in green path development : Lessons from the wind energy sector for the emerging battery industry in the Nordic region

This paper reviews the literature on wind energy to ascertain the factors that shape agency in the sector's development trajectory and then extract valuable lessons that regional actors can leverage in the emerging Nordic battery industry. The research process is anchored on the READ approach, i.e., readying, extraction, analyzing, and distilling. The results show that agency is shaped by socio-cognitive, economic, geographical, and cultural factors. Actors' actions must, therefore, proactively align the battery development strategies to the cultural context, taking cognizance of the norms, values, stakeholder involvement, and participation. By taking the lessons from the wind energy sector, this paper provides a scientific insight that regional actors can leverage to navigate similar experiences and challenges in the battery development process in the Nordic region easily. This paper advances cross-sector knowledge in the green path development literature©2025 The Author. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 India License.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed