Armut im Kontext reicher Staaten: zur wissenschaftlichen Operationalisierung eines normativen Begriffs

Eine der Schwierigkeiten bei der wissenschaftlichen Beschäftigung mit dem Themenbereich "Armut" ist der normative Gehalt dieses Konzepts. Das hat unter anderem damit zu tun, dass der Begriff nicht nur in wissenschaftlichen Analysen, sondern auch in der Alltagssprache verwendet und dabei zum Teil deutlich unterschiedlich definiert wird. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Problematik hat es etliche Versuche gegeben, die wissenschaftliche Definition von Armut stärker an das Alltagsverständnis der Bevölkerung anzugleichen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass theoretisch-konzeptuelle Arbeiten zur exakten Formulierung des sozialen Phänomens "Armut" im Verlauf des letzten Jahrhunderts weit gediehen sind. Die empirische Umsetzbarkeit dieser Überlegungen stößt allerdings nach wie vor auf Grenzen, wie anhand von jüngeren Beispielen der Armutsberichterstattung für den EU- und OECD-Raum gezeigt wird.One of the difficulties in the scientific analysis of poverty is the normative content of this concept. This is not least based on the fact that the notion "poverty" is not only used for scientific purposes, but also by the population at large - with partly profound differences with regard to its interpretation. Against the background of this difficulty, several efforts have been made to adopt the scientific definition of poverty to more closely capture its public meaning. The conceptual-theoretical work to operationalise poverty has gone a long way within the last century. However, there are still quite some difficulties in translating the "new" concepts (which also lead to the establishment of alternative terminologies, e.g. "poverty risk" or "social exclusion") into practice, as is shown regarding recent examples of poverty reports for the region of the European Union and the OECD

11 Trends in Philanthropy for 2022

11 Trends in Philanthropy for 2022 examines topics including cryptocurrency, talent investment, the mobilization of donors of color, engagement with Indigenous communities, data philanthropy, culture wars, and more

Usefulness of Choline-PET for the detection of residual hemangiopericytoma in the skull base: comparison with FDG-PET

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Choline is a new PET tracer that is useful for the detection of malignant tumor. Choline is a precursor of the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a major phospholipid in the cell membrane of eukaryotic cells. Malignant tumors have an elevated level of phosphatidylcholine in cell membrane. Thus, choline is a marker of tumor malignancy.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>The patient was a 51-year-old man with repeated recurrent hemangiopericytoma in the skull base. We performed Choline-PET in this patient after various treatments and compared findings with those of FDG-PET.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Choline accumulated in this tumor, but FDG did not accumulate. We diagnosed this tumor as residual hemangiopericytoma and performed the resection of the residual tumor. FDG-PET is not appropriate for skull base tumor detection because uptake in the brain is very strong.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We emphasize the usefulness of Choline-PET for the detection of residual hemangiopericytoma in the skull base after various treatments, compared with FDG-PET.</p

An inversion in the wiring of an intercellular signal: evolution of Wnt signaling in the nematode vulva

Signal transduction pathways are largely conserved throughout the animal kingdom. The repertoire of pathways is limited and each pathway is used in different intercellular signaling events during the development of a given animal. For example, Wnt signaling is recruited, sometimes redundantly with other molecular pathways, in four cell specification events during Caenorhabditis elegans vulva development, including the activation of vulval differentiation. Strikingly, a recent study finds that Wnts act to repress vulval differentiation in the nematode Pristionchus pacificus, demonstrating evolutionary flexibility in the use of intercellular signaling pathways

Vibrations of a magnetic microsphere levitated above a superconductor: a high-Q oscillator for studies of vorticity in superconductors and superfluids

The oscillations of a small magnetic sphere (radius 100 μm) levitated above a superconductor are investigated. Resonance frequencies between 300 Hz and 600 Hz are observed. At low amplitudes (≤1 gmm) the oscillator has Q values of about 106. At larger amplitudes both the resonance frequency and the damping become amplitude dependent. Nonlinear and hysteretic friction is attributed to vortex motion in the superconducting environment. Application of this oscillator for investigation of vorticity in superfluids is discussed

API Design in Distributed Systems: A Comparison between GraphQL and REST

When Facebook open-sourced the GraphQL specification in 2015, many developers welcomed this new way of writing APIs for their clients. GraphQL solves a few problems that can occur when using a resource-based approach for the API design, an approach that is often falsely labeled as RESTful. This thesis makes an effort in clearly to distinguish between such resourcebased approaches and actually RESTful systems. It identifies key aspects in the design of APIs and compares the impact of GraphQL and REST on these aspects. As a result of the comparison, several consequences are identified and presented. A consequence that stands out through its importance is the shift in responsibility between client and server which causes, depending on the use-case, highly increased complexity of the client.Viele Entwickler begrüßten die neue Art, Schnittstellen für Client-Anwendungen zu entwickeln, welche durch die Veröffentlichung der GraphQL-Spezifikation durch Facebook im Jahre 2015 ermöglicht wurde. GraphQL löst einige Probleme im Vergleich zu einem ressourcenorientierten Schnittstellen-Design, welches oft fälschlicherweise bereits als RESTful bezeichnet wird. Diese Arbeit identifiziert wichtige Aspekte im Hinblick auf das Schnittstellendesign von verteilten Systemen und unterscheidet hierbei klar zwischen rein ressourcen-basierten Ansätzen und tatsächlich REST-konformen Systemen. Durch den Vergleich von GraphQL und REST wird der Einfluss des jeweiligen Ansatzes auf diese Aspekte analysiert. Eine der wichtigsten Erkenntnisse diese Vergleichs ist die Verschiebung von Verantwortlichkeiten weg vom Server hin zum Client. Dies erhöht, je nach Anwendungsfall, die Komplexität des Clients deutlich.Masterarbeit Wien, FH Technikum Wien 201

Can we see queerly now? : gay men in US-American sitcoms - a history of gay inclusion from the 1940s until today

Anne EizingerKlagenfurt, Alpen-Adria-Univ., Master-Arb., 2015(VLID)241252