Desarrollo de la competencia científica mediante el aprendizaje basado en proyectos y TIC en Educación Primaria

En la presente investigación se analiza la integración del método de aprendizaje basado en proyectos, a través de las TIC como método emergente con impacto significativo en el aprendizaje. Se implementan dos unidades didácticas de la higiene de las manos a través de un método tradicional y un método de aprendizaje basado en proyectos y TIC como recurso educativo. Mediante un diseño cuasi experimental se analizan los datos de 39 alumnos de 2º de primaria, aplicando el test U de Mann Whitney, un cuestionario y la observación participante. Se resalta que el trabajo e integración de la metodología de aprendizaje basado en proyectos, a través de las TIC no mejora significativamente en el rendimiento académico. Sin embargo, se subrayan mejoras estadísticamente significativas en el reconocimiento de los contenidos, la participación activa, la colaboración, satisfacción y la motivación en los procesos de aprendizaje. A través de este método de aprendizaje y la utilización de las TIC, los estudiantes investigan de primera mano y reflexionan sobre el tema, realizando un aprendizaje significativo

Analysis of the Wall Geometry with Different Strategies for High Deposition Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Mild Steel

Additive manufacturing has gained relevance in recent decades as an alternative to the manufacture of metal parts. Among the additive technologies, those that are classified as Directed Energy Deposition (DED) are characterized by their high deposition rate, noticeably, Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM). However, having the inability to produce parts with acceptable final surface quality and high geometric precision is to be considered an important disadvantage in this process. In this paper, different torch trajectory strategies (oscillatory motion and overlap) in the fabrication of low carbon steel walls will be compared using Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)-based WAAM technology. The comparison is done with a study of the mechanical and microstructural characteristics of the produced walls and finally, addressing the productivity obtained utilizing each strategy. The oscillation strategy shows better results, regarding the utilization rate of deposited material and the flatness of the upper surface, this being advantageous for subsequent machining steps.The authors acknowledge the Basque Government for financing the PROCODA project, ELKARTEK 2019 program (KK-2019/00004) and HARIPLUS project, HAZITEK 2019 program (ZL-2019/00352)) and to the European commission through EiT Manufacturing programme in DEDALUS project (reference ID 20094)

Mikrotxipak arrainetan: atzo, gaur eta bihar

Microarrays have been designed among others, to study transcriptomic differences or differences in the mRNA that is being transcribed, between target organisms, tissues or cells. As result, the transcriptional mode of action of different stress factors are been widely studied in aquatic organisms. Thus, the principal aim of this manuscript, is to summarize fish microarray studies that reveal the mode of action of chemical substances typically found in aquatic environments, as well as, to point out microarray studies derived criticisms.; Mikrotxipak, besteak beste, itu organismo, ehun edo zelulen artean ematen diren transkriptoma mailako ezberdintasunak ikertzeko diseinatu dira. Emaitza gisa, faktore estresatzaile ezberdinen jokatzeko modua edo jarraibidea itsas organismoetan modu zabalean ikertzea lortu da. Horrela, lan honen helburu nagusiak, batetik, teleosteotan ingurune urtarretan ohikoak diren sustantzia kimikoen ekiteko modua aztertzen duten mikrotxipak laburbiltzea da; eta bestetik, mikrotxipen inguruan dauden kritikak azaltzea

Fate and effects of graphene oxide alone and with sorbed benzo(a)pyrene in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis

Graphene oxide (GO) has gained a great scientific and economic interest due to its unique properties. As incorporation of GO in consumer products is rising, it is expected that GO will end up in oceans. Due to its high surface to volume ratio, GO can adsorb persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), and act as carrier of POPs, increasing their bioavailability to marine organisms. Thus, uptake and effects of GO in marine biota represent a major concern. This work aimed to assess the potential hazards of GO, alone or with sorbed BaP (GO+BaP), and BaP alone in marine mussels after 7 days of exposure. GO was detected through Raman spectroscopy in the lumen of the digestive tract and in feces of mussels exposed to GO and GO+BaP while BaP was bioaccumulated in mussels exposed to GO+BaP, but especially in those exposed to BaP. Overall, GO acted as a carrier of BaP to mussels but GO appeared to protect mussels towards BaP accumulation. Some effects observed in mussels exposed to GO+BaP were due to BaP carried onto GO nanoplatelets. Enhanced toxicity of GO+BaP with respect to GO and/or BaP or to controls were identified for other biological responses, demonstrating the complexity of interactions between GO and BaP.This work was funded by the Spanish MINECO (NACE project CTM2016–81130-R) and the Basque Government (grants to consolidated research group IT1302–19 and IT1743–22, and predoctoral fellowship to NGS)

Self-perception of the digital competence of undergraduate students in Social Education with Ikanos

La competencia digital es una competencia clave que implica el uso creativo, crítico y seguro de las TIC. Los/as profesionales de la Educación Social deben ir en esta línea para ser ciudadanos/as competentes en una sociedad digitalizada. Así, se recoge la necesidad de desarrollar esta competencia en el Libro blanco del título de grado en Pedagogía y Educación Social. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la autopercepción de la competencia digital del alumnado en el grado en Educación Social. Para ello, se utiliza el Test Ikanos. En el estudio, han participado 266 estudiantes de la Universidad de deusto de tres cursos. Los resultados nos indican una autopercepción baja de la competencia digital. Los ítems con menor puntuación se corresponden con las competencias de innovación, seguridad de los datos personales y privacidad, y programación. Sin embargo, las competencias de almacenamiento y recuperación de la información, e interactuar son las puntuaciones medias más altasdigital competence is a key competence that involves the creative, critical and safe use of ICT. Social Education professionals must follow this line to be competent citizens in a digitized society. Thus, the need to develop this competence is included in the White book of the bachelor's degree in Pedagogy and Social Education. This study aims to analyze the self-perception of digital competence of students in the degree in Social Education. for this, the Ikanos Test is used. 266 students from the University of deusto from three courses participated in the study. The results indicate a low self-perception of digital competence. The items with the lowest scores correspond to the competences of innovation, security of personal data and privacy, and programming. however, the skills of storing and retrieving information, and interacting are the highest mean score

Karbonoan oinarritutako nanomaterialen eta mikro eta nanoplastikoen eragina kutsatzaile organiko iraunkorren garraiatzaile gisa organismo itsastarretan

The development of industry and technology has led to the synthesis of new materials with unique physico-chemical properties, among them, nanomaterials are becoming abundant. Nanomaterials are materials with at least one dimension at the nanoscale ('100 nm). At present, there is no specific regulation for nanomaterials in European law, although their physico-chemical properties are different in comparison to their bulk counterparts. Microplastics are plastic materials smaller than 5 mm while nanoplastics are smaller than 100 nm. Whilst the impacts of macroplastics are well studied, it was only in recent years that interest developed in understanding the effects of micro and nanoplastics. Nanomaterials, micro and nanoplastics originate from different sources and reach the sea. As a result, their effects on marine biota represent a major concern. Due to the high surface/volume ratio and hydrophobicity of nanomaterials, micro and nanoplastics, they pose an additional risk: they can adsorb persistent organic pollutants and act as their carriers, increasing bioavailability of these compounds to marine organisms. The purpose of this work is to review the potential effects caused by carbon based nanomaterials, micro and nanoplastics in different marine organisms at molecular, cellular and physiological levels and to compare these effects to those caused by nanomaterials, micro and nanoplastics with adsorbed persistent organic pollutants. For example, after feeding mussels with a diet containing microplastics, these have been found in gut lumen, digestive epithelium and connective tissue and in mussels fed with microplastics with adsorbed benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(a)pyrene, was accumulated in mussel tissues. Microplastics alone and with adsorbed persistent organic pollutants produce inmunotoxic, genotoxic and deleterious physiological effects. Thus, since pollutans do not appear isolated in the complex marine environment, this knowledge should be taken into account to ensure the health and safety of marine ecosystems.; Industriaren eta teknologiaren garapenak ezaugarri fisiko-kimiko bereziak dituzten material berriak sortzea eragin du, eta, horien artean, nanomaterialak gero eta ugariagoak dira. Nanomaterialak gutxienez nanoeskaladun ('100 nm) dimentsio bat duten materialak dira. Gaur egun, Europako legedian ez dago nanomaterialentzako araudi berezirik, nahiz eta, haien homologo makroskopikoekin alderatuta, ezaugarri fisiko-kimiko ezberdinak agertu. Mikroplastikoak 5 mm baino txikiagoak diren plastikozko materialak dira eta nanoplastikoak, 100 nm baino txikiagoak direnak. Plastiko makroskopikoen eraginak zabal ikertu diren arren, mikroplastiko eta nanoplastikoen inguruko hausnarketa duela gutxi hasi da egiten. Nanomaterialak, mikro eta nanoplastikoak, iturri desberdinetatik iristen dira itsasora eta, beraz, itsas organismoetan eragin ditzaketen kalteen inguruko kezka zabaldu da. Gainera, nanomaterialek, mikroplastikoek eta nanoplastikoek duten azalera/bolumen erlazio handia eta hidrofobizitatea dela eta, arrisku gehigarri bat dute: kutsatzaile organiko iraunkorren garraiatzaile gisa joka dezakete itsasoan. Hau da, nanomaterialek, mikroplastikoek eta nanoplastikoek, itsasoan dauden kutsatzaile organiko iraunkorrak adsorbatu ditzakete eta haien eskuragarritasuna emendatu organismo itsastarrentzat. Lan honen xedea da karbonoan oinarritutako nanomaterialek eta mikro eta nanoplastikoek hainbat espezie itsastarretan eragindako kalte fisiologikoak zein zelula eta molekula mailako kalteak berrikustea. Kalte horiek, kutsatzaile organiko iraunkordun karbonoan oinarritutako nanomaterialek, mikro eta nanoplastikoek, eragindako kalteekin alderatu ere egin nahi dira. Adibidez, mikroplastikodun mikroalgekin elikatutako muskuiluek mikroplastikoak agertu dituzte urdailaren argian, digestio epitelioan eta ehun konektiboan, eta bentzo(a)pirenoa moduko kutsatzaile organiko iraunkorra adsorbatuta duten mikroplastikodun mikroalgekin elikatutako muskuiluek bentzo(a)pirenoa metatzen dute ehunetan. Mikroplastikoek bakarrik zein kutsatzaile organikodun mikroplastikoek immunotoxizitatea, kalte fisiologikoak eta DNA mailako kalteak eragiten dizkiete muskuiluei. Hortaz, ingurune konplexu batean, hala nola itsasoan, kutsatzaileak ez direnez modu isolatuan agertzen, ezagutza hori kontuan hartu beharko litzateke, itsas ekosistemen osasuna eta segurtasuna bermatzeko

Effects of microplastics alone or with sorbed oil compounds from the water accommodated fraction of a North Sea crude oil on marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis)

Microplastics (MPs) can adsorb persistent organic pollutants such as oil hydrocarbons and may facilitate their transfer to organisms (Trojan horse effect). The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a 21 day dietary exposure to polystyrene MPs of 4.5 mu m at 1000 particles/mL, alone and with sorbed oil compounds from the water accommodated fraction (WAF) of a naphthenic North Sea crude oil at two dilutions (25 % and 100 %), on marine mussels. An addi-tional group of mussels was exposed to 25 % WAF for comparison. PAHs were accumulated in mussels exposed to WAF but not in those exposed to MPs with sorbed oil compounds from WAF (MPs-WAF), partly due to the low concen-tration of PAHs in the studied crude oil. Exposure to MPs or to WAF alone altered the activity of enzymes involved in aerobic (isocitrate dehydrogenase) and biotransformation metabolism (glutathione S-transferase). Prevalence of oo-cyte atresia and volume density of basophilic cells were higher and absorption efficiency lower in mussels exposed to MPs and to WAF than in controls. After 21 days MPs caused DNA damage (Comet assay) in mussel hemocytes. In conclusion, a Trojan horse effect was not observed but both MPs and oil WAF caused an array of deleterious effects on marine mussels at different levels of biological organization.This work was funded by Spanish MINECO (NACE project CTM2016-81130-R), Basque Government (consolidated group IT1302-19 and IT1743-22 and predoctoral fellowship to NGS) and UPV/EHU (VRI grant PLASTOX). Work carried out within the EU project PLASTOX (JPI Oceans 005/2015) and the EU H2020-BG-2005-2 project GRACE (grant agreement number 679266)

Cell and tissue level responses in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis dietarily exposed to PVP/PEI coated Ag nanoparticles at two seasons

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are present in numerous consumer products due to their antimicrobial and other unique properties, thus concerns about their potential input into aquatic ecosystems are increasing. Toxicity of Ag NPs in waterborne exposed aquatic organisms has been widely investigated, but studies assessing the potential toxic effects caused after ingestion through the food web, especially at low realistic concentrations, remain scarce. Moreover, it is not well known whether season may influence toxic effects of Ag NPs. The main objective of this study was to determine cell and tissue level responses in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis dietarily exposed to poly-N-vinyl-2-pirrolidone/polyethyleneimine (PVP/PEI) coated 5 nm Ag NPs for 1, 7 and 21 days both in autumn and spring. Mussels were fed every day with microalgae Isochrysis galbana exposed for 24 h to a low dose (1 mu g Ag/L Ag NPs) in spring and to a higher dose (10 mu g Ag/L Ag NPs) in spring and autumn. Mussels fed with microalgae exposed to the high dose accumulated Ag significantly after 21 days in both seasons, higher levels being measured in autumn compared to spring. Intralysosomal metal accumulation measured in mussel digestive gland and time- and dose-dependent reduction of mussels health status was similar in both seasons. DNA strand breaks increased significantly in hemocytes at both exposure doses along the 21 days in spring and micronuclei frequency showed an increasing trend after 1 and 7 days of exposure to 1 mu g Ag/L Ag NPs in spring and to 10 mu g Ag/L in both seasons. Values decreased after 21 days of exposure in all the cases. In conclusion, PVP/PEI coated 5 nm Ag NPs ingested through the food web were significantly accumulated in mussel tissues and caused adverse cell and tissue level effects both in autumn and in spring.This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Nano Silver Omics project MAT2012-39372), Basque Government (SAIOTEK project S-PE13UN142 and Consolidated Research Group GIC IT810-13 and IT1302-19), the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU (UFI 11/37 and PhD fellowship to N.D.) and French Ministry of Higher Education and Research (PhD fellowship to M.M.)

Ehunen biologia

184 p.Lan honek hauxe du xede: Biozientziak (Biologia, Biokimika eta Biologia Molekularra, Bioteknologia eta Medikuntza) ikasten ari diren ikasleei Ehunen Biologia arloan testuliburu egoki eta erabilgarri bat eskaintzea. Histologia alorrean, liburu eta atlas histologiko ugari daude argitaratuta, baina ikasleei beren apunteak osatzeko euskarazko ikasmateriala sortzea izan da gure asmoa. Liburu honetan, animalien eta landareen ehun nagusiak deskribatzen dira. Testuan zehar emandako informazioa ulergarriagoa izan dadin, ikonografia eta mikroargazki lagungarriak aukeratu dira. Amaieran, gai bakoitzean agertzen diren termino nagusiak definitzen dituen glosarioa gehitu da. Azkenengo atalean, bibliografia zerrendatu da, eta Ehunen Biologian informazio-iturri moduan erabili daitezkeen testuliburu, artikulu eta web orriak ageri dira. Lan hau lau atal nagusitan dago banatuta: Garapenaren Zelulen Biologia, Animalia Histologia, Landare Histologia eta Metodoak eta Teknikak Histologian. Ehunen jatorri enbrionarioa deskribatzen duen hasierako atal horretan, animaliengan enbriogenesian zehar gertatzen diren desberdintzapen-prozesu goiztiarrak azaltzen dira. Ondoren, ornodunetan aurkitu daitezkeen lau ehun nagusiak lantzen dira, hau da, epitelioa, ehun konektiboa, muskulua eta nerbioa. Ehun bakoitzaren ezaugarri nagusiak eta osagaiak deskribatzen dira. Gainera, honako hauek modu zehatzean aurkezten dira: zelula motak, antolaketa mailak, garapena eta desberdintzapena, berreraketa, funtzioak eta beste ehunekiko duten erlazioa zein organoen eraketan nola hartzen duten parte. Ornodunen ehunez gain, ornogabeetan agertzen diren ehun berezi nagusiak deskribatzen dira. Landareen histologiari dagokion atalean, egitura nagusiak eta zelula-motak azaltzen dira. Azkenik, egitura histologikoen azterketarako erabiltzen diren metodo eta prozesamendu arruntenak deskribatzen dira

Ehunen biologia

184 p.Lan honek hauxe du xede: Biozientziak (Biologia, Biokimika eta Biologia Molekularra, Bioteknologia eta Medikuntza) ikasten ari diren ikasleei Ehunen Biologia arloan testuliburu egoki eta erabilgarri bat eskaintzea. Histologia alorrean, liburu eta atlas histologiko ugari daude argitaratuta, baina ikasleei beren apunteak osatzeko euskarazko ikasmateriala sortzea izan da gure asmoa. Liburu honetan, animalien eta landareen ehun nagusiak deskribatzen dira. Testuan zehar emandako informazioa ulergarriagoa izan dadin, ikonografia eta mikroargazki lagungarriak aukeratu dira. Amaieran, gai bakoitzean agertzen diren termino nagusiak definitzen dituen glosarioa gehitu da. Azkenengo atalean, bibliografia zerrendatu da, eta Ehunen Biologian informazio-iturri moduan erabili daitezkeen testuliburu, artikulu eta web orriak ageri dira. Lan hau lau atal nagusitan dago banatuta: Garapenaren Zelulen Biologia, Animalia Histologia, Landare Histologia eta Metodoak eta Teknikak Histologian. Ehunen jatorri enbrionarioa deskribatzen duen hasierako atal horretan, animaliengan enbriogenesian zehar gertatzen diren desberdintzapen-prozesu goiztiarrak azaltzen dira. Ondoren, ornodunetan aurkitu daitezkeen lau ehun nagusiak lantzen dira, hau da, epitelioa, ehun konektiboa, muskulua eta nerbioa. Ehun bakoitzaren ezaugarri nagusiak eta osagaiak deskribatzen dira. Gainera, honako hauek modu zehatzean aurkezten dira: zelula motak, antolaketa mailak, garapena eta desberdintzapena, berreraketa, funtzioak eta beste ehunekiko duten erlazioa zein organoen eraketan nola hartzen duten parte. Ornodunen ehunez gain, ornogabeetan agertzen diren ehun berezi nagusiak deskribatzen dira. Landareen histologiari dagokion atalean, egitura nagusiak eta zelula-motak azaltzen dira. Azkenik, egitura histologikoen azterketarako erabiltzen diren metodo eta prozesamendu arruntenak deskribatzen dira