AUGMENTED REALITY AND THE ADAPTATION OF TELEVISION DISCOURSE

ABSTRACT – This study explores the use of augmented reality (AR) on Spain’s national public broadcaster, Televisión Española (TVE), focusing on the news coverage of the two Spanish general elections in April and November 2019. The study uses a methodology that combines quantitative techniques (content analysis using a rubric created ad hoc on a sample of 42 AR images) and qualitative methods (literature review). The position of AR as a centerpiece of the studio set design is also conveyed in the narrative discourse, reflecting the high level of importance given to this technology by TVE. Beyond the specific events of each election day, the informational and facilitating functions of AR predominate. In view of the advantages offered by this technology, the television broadcaster has recently started moving towards full integration of a virtual set design. RESUMO – Esta pesquisa explora o uso da realidade aumentada (RA) na Televisão Espanhola (TVE), com foco na cobertura jornalística das eleições gerais de abril e novembro de 2019. O estudo foi realizado por meio de uma metodologia que combina técnicas quantitativas (análise de conteúdo por meio de uma rubrica criada ad hoc em uma amostra de 42 peças) e qualitativa (revisão bibliográfica). A posição da RA como peça central no layout do cenário também é transferida para o discurso narrativo, percebendo a importância que a TVE lhe confere. Além das peculiaridades de cada dia eleitoral, prevalece a intenção informativa e a função simplificadora dessa tecnologia. Apesar das vantagens que oferece, a rede iniciou recentemente o caminho para a integração total do cenário virtual. RESUMEN – Esta investigación explora el uso de la realidad aumentada (RA) en Televisión Española (TVE), poniendo el foco en la cobertura informativa de las elecciones generales de abril y noviembre de 2019. El estudio se ha llevado a cabo a través de una metodología que combina técnicas cuantitativas (análisis de contenido mediante una rúbrica creada ad hoc sobre una muestra de 42 piezas) y cualitativas (revisión bibliográfica). La posición de la RA como pieza central en la disposición del plató se traslada también al discurso narrativo, dando cuenta de la importancia que le otorga TVE. Más allá de las peculiaridades de cada jornada electoral, prevalecen la intención informativa y la función simplificadora de esta tecnología. En vista de las ventajas que ofrece, la cadena ha comenzado recientemente a transitar el camino hacia la integración completa de la escenografía virtual

Does Basque Have a Future? Implications of Hegemonic Languages for Audiovisual Consumption by Adolescents

This article analyses the consumption of audiovisual content in the Basque language by adolescents in the Basque province of Gipuzkoa and the influence of hegemonic languages on two levels: Spanish as the dominant language in a bilingual society, in which linguistic competence in Basque does not translate into its use; and an audiovisual industry in which English and Spanish are the dominant languages. For this study, surveys were completed by 2,426 students in the compulsory secondary school system (ages 12 -16) enrolled in either the “Model B” language stream (half in Basque and half in Spanish) or the “Model D” language stream (Basque as the language of instruction) at 60 schools across the province. Cluster sampling was used, stratified with proportional allocation in order to obtain data on the seven regions of Gipuzkoa. Audiovisual consumption was examined mainly in five significant areas: cinema, television, news, sports and the Internet. Special attention was also given to the use of subtitles when viewing fiction content. The study found that adolescents in Gipuzkoa consume audiovisual content mainly in Spanish, although not all to the same degree, as there is considerable variation between regions. Affectivity in relation to the language is a key aspect for interpreting the results of this research.Este artículo analiza el consumo de contenidos audiovisuales en euskera de los adolescentes guipuzcoanos y la influencia de las lenguas hegemónicas en dos ámbitos. El castellano como lengua dominante en una sociedad bilingüe, en la que la competencia lingüística en euskera no se corresponde con su uso, y en un contexto audiovisual en el que imperan el inglés y el castellano. Con este propósito se han realizado 2.426 encuestas a alumnos de la ESO (12 -16 años) que cursan sus estudios en los modelos B (igual proporción de euskera y castellano) y D (euskera como lengua vehicular) en 60 centros de enseñanza del territorio. Se ha optado por un muestreo por conglomerados, estratificado por afijación proporcional que permite obtener los datos de las siete comarcas guipuzcoanas. Fundamentalmente, se ha examinado el consumo audiovisual en cinco ámbitos significativos: cine, televisión, actualidad, deportes e Internet. Asimismo, se ha otorgado especial importancia al uso de los subtítulos en los contenidos de ficción. El estudio concluye que el consumo audiovisual de los jóvenes guipuzcoanos se realiza mayoritariamente en castellano pero no de manera uniforme, puesto que existe una honda fractura comarcal. La afectividad respecto a la lengua es un aspecto clave para interpretar los resultados de esta investigación

Digital natives: Online audiovisual content consumption, creation and dissemination

[ES] Los adolescentes viven inmersos en un universo virtual en el que han construido un modelo propio de entretenimiento, aprendizaje y comunicación. El objetivo de este trabajo es definir los patrones de consumo, creación y difusión de contenidos audiovisuales de Internet en los ámbitos del ocio y las fuentes de información complementarias para uso escolar de los jóvenes guipuzcoanos, atendiendo a las variables de género, curso y tipo de centro. La metodología partió del diseño de un cuestionario autorrellenable que cumplimentaron 2.426 adolescentes (de 12 a 16 años), estudiantes de los cuatro cursos de ESO. La muestra es una selección aleatoria de 60 centros de Guipúzcoa y un total de 120 grupos, 30 por cada curso. Los resultados corroboran que los patrones de consumo, creación y difusión de contenidos de ocio masculinos y femeninos son monolíticos y opuestos entre sí. Los videojuegos son el eje vertebrador del consumo y creación masculino, mientras que la toma y difusión de fotografías y vídeos de sí mismas es el de las chicas. Estas prácticas repiten los estereotipos de género, por lo que la formación en igualdad se perfila como un aspecto relevante. Por último, las fuentes de información complementarias a la educación reglada, principalmente Wikipedia, se imponen como referencia entre los adolescentes, por lo que es imprescindible garantizar su solvencia para una adecuada adquisición de conocimientos.[EN] Teenagers inhabit a virtual universe with their own model of entertainment, learning and communication. This research work defines the consumption, creation and dissemination patterns of online audiovisual content young students of Guipuzcoa have acquired in the fields of leisure and complementary information resources for school use, attending to three different variables: gender, grade (age) and type of educational institution (public or private). The research methodology focuses on a self-administered questionnaire filled out by 2,426 adolescents of secondary school (12 to 16 years old). The sample consists of a random selection of 120 student groups, which are distributed in 60 schools and 30 groups each course. The results verify the existence of monolithic and opposed male/female patterns in the way young people consume, create and diffuse leisure content. Video games are the central backbone of male consumption and creation, as long as girls prefer to take pictures and videos of themselves using smar tphones and to share them on social networks. These practices repeat gender stereotypes, transforming the education in equality into a relevant issue. Finally, sources of information that are complementary to formal education, especially Wikipedia, are the main references among adolescents. Consequently, it seems essential to guarantee their solvency for appropriate knowledge acquisition.DIPUTACIÓN FORAL DE GIPUZKOA, ETORKIZUNA ERAIKI

Digital natives: Online audiovisual content consumption, creation and dissemination

Teenagers inhabit a virtual universe with their own model of entertainment, learning and communication. This research work defines the consumption, creation and diffusion patterns of online audiovisual contents young students of Guipúzcoa have acquired in the fields of leisure and complementary information resources for school use, attending to three different variables: gender, grade (age) and type of educational institution (public or private). The research methodology focuses on a self-administered questionnaire filled out by 2,426 adolescents of secondary school (12 to 16 years old). The sample consists of a random selection of 120 student groups, which are distributed in 60 schools and 30 groups each course. The results verify the existence of monolithic and opposed male/female patterns in the way young people consume, create and diffuse leisure contents. Video games are the central backbone of male consumption and creation, as long as girls prefer to take pictures and videos of themselves using smartphones and to share them on social networks. These practices repeat gender stereotypes, transforming the education in equality into a relevant issue. Finally, sources of information that are complementary to formal education, especially Wikipedia, are the main references among adolescents. Consequently, it seems essential to guarantee their solvency for appropriate knowledge acquisition

Digital natives: Online audiovisual content consumption, creation and dissemination

Teenagers inhabit a virtual universe with their own model of entertainment, learning and communication. This research work defines the consumption, creation and diffusion patterns of online audiovisual contents young students of Guipúzcoa have acquired in the fields of leisure and complementary information resources for school use, attending to three different variables: gender, grade (age) and type of educational institution (public or private). The research methodology focuses on a self-administered questionnaire filled out by 2,426 adolescents of secondary school (12 to 16 years old). The sample consists of a random selection of 120 student groups, which are distributed in 60 schools and 30 groups each course. The results verify the existence of monolithic and opposed male/female patterns in the way young people consume, create and diffuse leisure contents. Video games are the central backbone of male consumption and creation, as long as girls prefer to take pictures and videos of themselves using smartphones and to share them on social networks. These practices repeat gender stereotypes, transforming the education in equality into a relevant issue. Finally, sources of information that are complementary to formal education, especially Wikipedia, are the main references among adolescents. Consequently, it seems essential to guarantee their solvency for appropriate knowledge acquisition

Media and violence against women in the Basque Country: A self-regulation case study

In recent decades, given the crucial role played by the news media in fighting to eradicate violence against women, several organisations and legislative initiatives have begun self-regulating. This study analyses news coverage of gender-based murders in the Basque media over the course of three years, beginning with approval of rules for self-regulation. The results show that the media actively contribute to raising visibility of violence against women as a social problem, although reduced compliance with some of the recommendations indicates difficulty in practically applying them and disparate criteria from one journalist to another.Basque Institute for Women - Emakund

El futuro de las lenguas minoritarias en Internet en manos de los jóvenes prosumidores. El caso vasco

Este artículo ofrece un diagnóstico sobre la presencia del euskera, frente al castellano y al inglés, en el consumo y creación de nuevos formatos audiovisuales en Internet por parte de los adolescentes vascos, quienes viven en una sociedad bilingüe. Los resultados derivan de una encuesta realizada a 2426 estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria de Guipúzcoa (12-16 años), y analizan la taxonomía de los contenidos audiovisuales que estos adolescentes siguen y crean. Los datos obtenidos evidencian que hay dos factores que permiten identificar y ubicar geográficamente a los jóvenes prosumidores en cuyas manos está la supervivencia del euskera. El primero es el uso preferente de la lengua vasca sobre el español en el entorno cotidiano, académico y tecnológico de los adolescentes. Este factor está directamente relacionado con el segundo, las distintas realidades sociolingüísticas que conviven en el territorio. Los prosumidores proceden sobre todo de las comarcas vascoparlantes del interior, siendo muy pocos los que viven en las zonas urbanas en las que prevalece el español. Esta investigación sienta las bases para la implementación, por parte de las instituciones vascas, de un programa de producción de contenidos audiovisuales atractivos en euskera, dirigidos a los jóvenes a través de Internet y las redes sociales.Este artigo oferece um diagnóstico sobre a presença do euskera, comparado ao espanhol e ao inglês, no consumo e criação de novos formatos audiovisuais na Internet por adolescentes bascos, que vivem em uma sociedade bilíngue. Os resultados baseiam-seemuminquéritorealizadoa 2426 alunosdo Ensino Secundário Obrigatório de Guipúscoa (12 e 16 anos) e analisam a taxonomia do conteúdo audiovisual que estes jovens seguem e criam. Os dados obtidos mostram que existem dois fatores que permitem identificar e localizar geograficamente os jovens prossumidores em cujas mãos está a sobrevivência da língua euskera. O primeiro é o uso preferencial da língua basca sobre o espanhol no ambiente cotidiano, acadêmico e tecnológico dos adolescentes. Esse fator está diretamente relacionado ao segundo, as diferentes realidades sociolinguísticas que coexistem no território. Os prossumidores provêm principalmente de regiões de língua basca do interior, sendo muito poucos a viverem em zonas urbanas onde predomina o espanhol. Esta pesquisa estabelece as bases para as instituições bascas implementarem um programa para produzir conteúdos audiovisuais atraentes em basco para jovens através da Internet e redes sociais.This article provides a diagnosis of the presence of Basque, compared to Spanish and English, in the creation and consumption of new Internet audiovisual formats among Basque adolescents, in the context of a bilingual society. The results derive from a survey filled out by 2,426 students of Secondary School (12-16 years old) from Guipúzcoa, and analyze the taxonomy of Internet media products that these adolescents follow and create. The use of language and geographic distribution locate these prosumers, in whose hands is the survival of Basque language on the Internet. The data obtained proves the existence of two crucial factors that geographically identify and locate young Basque prosumers, who play a strategic role in the survival of their language. The first is the main use of Basque over Spanish in their daily life, as well as in their academic and technological environments. This factor is directly related to the second factor: the coexistence of different sociolinguistic realities in the Basque Country. These young prosumers mainly come from inland Basque- speaking regions, with very few living in urban areas where Spanish prevails. This research lays the foundations for the implementation of an institutional program to create engaging online audiovisual content in Basque for young people

Las pantallas preferidas por los jóvenes vascos. El uso de los dispositivos y plataformas digitales por parte de los estudiantes de Secundaria

El objetivo de este trabajo es medir el uso por parte de los adolescentes vascos (entre 12 y 16 años) de los dispositivos, plataformas y servicios digitales para el consumo, la prescripción, la creación y la difusión de contenidos audiovisuales. Para cumplirlo, se han realizado encuestas a 2.426 estudiantes de Secundaria guipuzcoanos. Los resultados hablan de jóvenes digitales y conectados, que manejan todos los aparatos tecnológicos del mercado: se relajan viendo la televisión inteligente y escuchando música en YouTube, estudian con el ordenador y crean sus propios contenidos con el teléfono móvil. No obstante, acuden a las tecnologías más para consumir y aprender que para crear, participar o empoderarse

Neighbors, policemen or experts? The informative sources in the news about femicide

El adecuado uso de las fuentes informativas se ha identificado tradicionalmente como uno de los elementos más relevantes a la hora de informar sobre los asesinatos machistas. Sin embargo, en la mayoría de las ocasiones, estos tratamientos informativos se han caracterizado por la escasez de personas expertas que ofrezcan una visión más social del hecho. Este artículo recoge los resultados de una investigación en la que se analizaron 381 informaciones publicadas en los siete principales diarios de Euskadi relativas a los feminicidios ocurridos entre los años 2015 y 2017 y se profundizó con diez entrevistas a personas responsables de medios. Los resultados de la investigación muestran que el vecindario y las familias continúan siendo la fuente informativa más habitual, por delante de las instituciones políticas y las asociaciones feministas, y las fuentes policiales y judiciales. Por su parte, los responsables de los medios de comunicación son conscientes de los peligros del uso del vecindario como fuente informativa, y reconocen las dificultades para la correcta cobertura de este tipo de informaciones derivadas de las rutinas periodísticas.The proper use of information sources has traditionally been identified as one of the most relevant elements when reporting on gender-based murders. However, in most cases, these informative treatments have rarely resorted to experts who offer a more social view of the event. This article collects the results of an investigation in which 381 news published in the seven main newspapers of the Basque Country regarding femicides that occurred between 2015 and 2017 were analyzed. Likewise, ten interviews were conducted with media editors. The results of the investigation show that the neighborhood and families continue to be the most common source of information, ahead of political institutions and feminist associations, and police and judicial sources. For their part, media editors are aware of the dangers of using the neighborhood as a source of information, and they recognize the difficulties for the correct coverage of this type of information derived from journalistic routines

Diversidad entre rejas: Estereotipos e identidad de género en la ficción televisiva Orange is the New Black

The multiplicity of platforms and channels prevailing in the Third Golden Age of television has generated an expansion of fictional products, giving new formats, stories and characters their own place. Orange is the New Black, with a mostly female cast, brings the audience closer to daily life of women in prison. This research work delves into the representation of main characters’ gender identity, determining which factors affect the way these women are reflected. An in-depth analysis of fourteen female characters detects several stereotypes and values associated with the traditional heteronormative model. Nevertheless, prevailing social canons, represented by the main character, open the door to multiple femininity models and give visibility to minority collectives.La multiplicidad de plataformas y canales en la llamada Tercera Edad De Oro de la Televisión ha generado una expansión de la oferta ficcional, donde tienen cabida nuevos formatos, historias y personajes. Con un elenco mayoritariamente femenino, Orange is the New Black acerca a la audiencia la vida de un grupo de mujeres en prisión. Este trabajo de investigación ahonda en la representación de la identidad de género de sus protagonistas, determinando qué factores influyen en la manera de retratarlas. El análisis en profundidad de catorce personajes femeninos permite detectar ciertos estereotipos y valores asociados al tradicional modelo patriarcal. Sin embargo, la inicial representación de los cánones sociales y de belleza imperantes, personificados a través de la protagonista (Piper Chapman), abre la puerta a múltiples modelos de feminidad y a la visibilización de colectivos minoritarios