Přerušovaná spojení. Budování infrastrukturního zázemí v jedné východoslovenské romské osadě

The article deals with the implementation of the basic infrastructure into the area of an Eastern Slovakian Roma settlement. The infrastructure is conceptualized as an assemblages of material objects, practices and knowledge organizing the existing social relationships, and contributing to the exclusion and marginalization of Roma people. Based on the fieldwork, author discusses the consequences of the infrastructural building (public water supply system, public lighting and electric network) and how do they contribute to the forms of disconnections creating the differences between local majority and people who live in the described Roma settlement

Brk expression may affect the differentiation status of breast cancer cells

The breast tumour kinase Brk (PTK6) is found in over two-thirds of breast cancer cell lines and tumours but is not expressed in normal mammary cells. Brk has previously been shown to play a role in regulating proliferation in breast tumour cells [1]. However, in vivo, the site of Brk expression in normal tissues is restricted to nonproliferating cells that are undergoing terminal differentiation such as those in the gut or the skin [2,3]. This led us to hypothesise that Brk expression in breast tumours could be reflective of a differentiation phenotype, especially as a previous study had shown that involucrin, a marker of terminal keratinocyte differentiation, was expressed in a subset of tumours [4]. We therefore examined involucrin expression in breast tumour cells lines and patient biopsy samples. In addition we investigated whether inducers of differentiation in keratinocytes such as prolonged culture in suspension or vitamin D3 treatment could also affect differentiation of breast tumour cells. We found that the expression of Brk in cultured cell lines correlated with involucrin expression. In addition the change in Brk expression, as a result of culture conditions, was accompanied by a change in involucrin levels. Moreover, treatment with vitamin D3 resulted in a decrease in cell numbers in the Brk-positive cell lines relative to the control treatments. The Brk-negative cell line was unaffected by vitamin D3 treatment. These data suggest that Brk and involucrin may be coregulated and that inducers of differentiation such as vitamin D3 could be considered potential therapeutic strategies

Should hedge funds be regulated?

The rapid growth of the hedge fund industry has attracted increasing attention from government regulators. In the United States, for example, the Securities and Exchange Commission(SEC) voted in October 2004 to require many hedge funds to officially register with the Commission beginning in 2006. Actions such as this have led to a widening debate over whether(or to what extent) government should play a role in the development of the hedge fund industry. To address this issue, The Program on Alternative Investments at Columbia Business School's Center on Japanese Economy and Business sponsored a symposium entitled "Should Hedge Funds Be Regulated?" which was held at New York's University Club in November 2004. U.S. SEC Commissioner Harvey Goldschmid, currently on leave from Columbia Law School, delivered the keynote speech, arguing in favor of the Commission's October decision. Following Commissioner Goldschmid's address, Program Director Mark Mason moderated a panel of leading experts from the business, government, and academic communities who debated the pros and cons of government involvement in the industry. These panelists included Franklin Edwards, Arthur F. Burns Professor of Free and Competitive Enterprise at Columbia Business School; John Gaine, President of the Managed Funds Association, a leading hedge fund industry group; Sudhir Krishnamurthi, Managing Director of Rock Creek Capital, a Washington, D.C.-based fund of hedge funds; and Nobuyuki Kinoshita, Director at the Financial Services Agency of Japan.This report covers the keynote address by Commissioner Goldschmid, together with the remarks of the expert panelists and selected exchanges with the audience. Columbia Business School Dean Glenn Hubbard and Center on Japanese Economy and Business Director Hugh Patrick delivered opening remarks, which are also reproduced in this report

Ariel - Volume 2 Number 3

Editors Delvyn C. Case, Jr. Paul M. Fernhoff News Editors Richard Bonanno Daniel B. Gould Robin A. Edwards Lay-Out Editor Carol Dolinskas Sports Editor James J. Nocon Contributing Editors Michael J. Blecker Lin Sey Edwards Jack Guralnik W. Cherry Light Features Editor Steven A. Ager Donald A. Bergman Stephen P. Flynn Business Manager Nick Greg

Comparison of Buoy-Mounted and Bottom-Moored ADCP Performance at Gray’s Reef

Simultaneous ADCP profile measurements are compared over a 2-month period in late 2003. One set of measurements comes from a National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) buoy-mounted ADCP, the other from a bottom-mounted, upward-looking ADCP moored roughly 500 m from the buoy. The study was under- taken to evaluate the proficiency of an experimental configuration by NDBC; unfortunately, the ADCP was not optimally configured. The higher temporally and vertically resolved bottom-mounted ADCP data are interpolated in time and depth to match the buoy-mounted ADCP measurements. It is found that the two ADCP measurements are significantly different. The buoy-mounted measurements are affected by high- frequency (10 h period) noise that is vertically coherent throughout the profiles. This noise results in autospectra that are essentially white, unlike the classic red spectra formed from the bottom-mounted ADCP observations. The spectra imply a practical noise floor of 0.045 m s1 for the buoy-mounted system. Contamination by surface waves is the likely cause of this problem. At tidal frequencies the buoy-mounted system underestimates major axis tidal current magnitude by 10%-40%; interference from the buoy chain and/or fish or plankton are considered the most likely cause of the bias. The subtidal velocity field (periods greater than 40 h) is only partially captured; the correlation coefficient for the east-west current is 0.49 and for the north-south current is 0.64

The Antimonous-Antimonic Complex in Hydrochloric Acid

A successful theory systematizing or correlating the color of inorganic complexes has not yet been advanced. Linus Pauling in his Richards Medal address (7) listed such a theory as one of the puzzling unsolved problems of structural chemistry . The colors developed by solutions containing the same element in different valence states is particularly interesting, in that the color of the mixture may be radically different from that of either component. Cuprous chloride in concentrated hydrochloric acid is colorless, cupric chloride in a similar solution is green; present together they produce a dark brown or black solution (3). Similarly, a hydrochloric acid solution of antimony trichloride is colorless, of antimony pentachloride a pale yellow; a mixture of the two, however, possesses an intense red-brown color. Although ferrous hydroxide is white and ferric hydroxide brown, the ferrous-ferric hydroxide resulting from partial air oxidation of freshly precipitated ferrous hydroxide is black. Again, colorless tervalent ytterbium on reduction with metallic zinc to green, bivalent ytterbium passes through a purple stage, again probably a mixed valence complex(2). In the present paper a more detailed study is reported of the antimonous chloride-antimonic chloride-hydrochloric acid system

Complex EOF Analysis as a Method to Separate Barotropic and Baroclinic Velocity Structure in Shallow Water

Defining the vertical depth average of measured currents to be barotropic is a widely used method of separating barotropic and baroclinic tidal currents in the ocean. Away from the surface and bottom bound- ary layers, depth-averaging measured velocity is an excellent estimate of barotropic tidal flow, and internal tidal dynamics can be well represented by the difference between the measured currents and their depth average in the vertical. However, in shallow and/or energetic tidal environments such as the shelf of the South Atlantic Bight (SAB), bottom boundary layers can occupy a significant fraction of the water column, and depth averaging through the bottom boundary layer can overestimate the barotropic current by several tens of centimeters per second near bottom. The depth-averaged current fails to capture the bottom boundary layer structure associated with the barotropic tidal signal, and the resultant estimate of baroclinic tidal currents can mimic a bottom-trapped internal tide. Complex empirical orthogonal function (CEOF) analysis is proposed as a method to retain frictional effects in the estimate of the barotropic tidal currents and allow an improved determination of the baroclinic currents. The method is applied to a midshelf region of the SAB dominated by tides and friction to quantify the effectiveness of CEOF analysis to represent internal structure underlying a strong barotropic signal in shallow water. Using examples of synthesized and measured data, EOF estimates of the barotropic and baroclinic modes of motion are compared to those made using depth averaging. The estimates of barotropic tidal motion using depth-averaging and CEOF methods produce conflicting predictions of the frequencies at which there is meaningful baroclinic variability. The CEOF method preserves the frictional boundary layer as part of the barotropic tidal current structure in the gravest mode, providing a more accurate representation of internal structure in higher modes. The application of CEOF techniques to isolate internal structure co-occurring with highly energetic tidal dynamics in shallow water is a significant test of the method. Successful separation of barotropic and baroclinic modes of motion suggests that, by fully capturing the effects of friction associated with the barotropic tide, CEOF analysis is a viable technique to facilitate examination of the internal tide in similar environments

The meaning of materiality: reconsidering the materiality of Gramscian IR

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