Remote sensing vegetation index methods to evaluate changes in greenness and evapotranspiration in riparian vegetation in response to the Minute 319 environmental pulse flow to Mexico

During the spring of 2014, 130 million m(3) of water were released from the United States' Morelos Dam on the lower Colorado River to Mexico, allowing water to reach the Gulf of California for the first time in 13 years. Our study assessed the effects of water transfer or ecological environmental flows from one nation to another, using remote sensing. Spatial applications for water resource evaluation are important for binational, integrated water resources management and planning for the Colorado River, which includes seven basin states in the US plus two states in Mexico. Our study examined the effects of the historic binational experiment (the Minute 319 agreement) on vegetative response along the riparian corridor. We used 250 m Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and 30 m Landsat 8 satellite imagery to track evapotranspiration (ET) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Our analysis showed an overall increase in NDVI and evapotranspiration (ET) in the year following the 2014 pulse, which reversed a decline in those metrics since the last major flood in 2000. NDVI and ET levels decreased in 2015, but were still significantly higher (P < 0.001) than pre-pulse (2013) levels. Preliminary findings show that the decline in 2015 persisted into 2016 and 2017. We continue to analyse results for 2018 in comparison to short-term (2013-2018) and long-term (2000-2018) trends. Our results support the conclusion that these environmental flows from the US to Mexico via the Minute 319 "pulse" had a positive, but short-lived (1 year), impact on vegetation growth in the delta.Open access journalThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

A melanin-independent interaction between Mc1r and Met signalling pathways is required for HGF-dependent melanoma

Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) signaling stimulates black eumelanin production through a cAMP-dependent pathway. MC1R polymorphisms can impair this process, resulting in a predominance of red phaeomelanin. The red hair, fair skin and UV sensitive phenotype is a well-described melanoma risk factor. MC1R polymorphisms also confer melanoma risk independent of pigment. We investigated the effect of Mc1r deficiency in a mouse model of UV-induced melanoma. C57BL/6-Mc1r+/+-HGF transgenic mice have a characteristic hyperpigmented black phenotype with extra-follicular dermal melanocytes located at the dermal/epidermal junction. UVB induces melanoma, independent of melanin pigmentation, but UVA-induced and spontaneous melanomas are dependent on black eumelanin. We crossed these mice with yellow C57BL/6-Mc1re/e animals which have a non-functional Mc1r and produce predominantly yellow phaeomelanin. Yellow C57BL/6-Mc1re/e-HGF mice produced no melanoma in response to UVR or spontaneously even though the HGF transgene and its receptor Met were expressed. Total melanin was less than in C57BL/6-Mc1r+/+-HGF mice, hyperpigmentation was not observed and there were few extra-follicular melanocytes. Thus, functional Mc1r was required for expression of the transgenic HGF phenotype. Heterozygous C57BL/6-Mc1re/+-HGF mice were black and hyperpigmented and, although extra-follicular melanocytes and skin melanin content were similar to C57BL/6-Mc1r+/+-HGF animals, they developed UV-induced and spontaneous melanomas with significantly less efficiency by all criteria. Thus, heterozygosity for Mc1r was sufficient to restore the transgenic HGF phenotype but insufficient to fully restore melanoma. We conclude that a previously unsuspected melanin-independent interaction between Mc1r and Met signaling pathways is required for HGF-dependent melanoma and postulate that this pathway is involved in human melanoma

The Grizzly, May 4, 1984

Sir Thomson to Speak at Commencement • Changes to Take Place in Student Life Office • Yatsko Wins Fellowship • UC Hosts USWLA Championship • Professor with the Quiet Manner: George Storey Retires From English • UC Students Attend Model UN • Chamber Groups to Perform • Work Snarls Traffic on Bridge • A Legend Retires as Pancoast Leaves • Union Pub a Hit • Solution for a Printing Crisis • Letters to the Editor: Suggestions for Social Life • Standeven Wins Chemistry Award • \u2784 Ruby Orders Being Taken Now • Play Simon Sez With Bobby Gold • 3 Seniors Land Top Accounting Jobs • Post Graduation Plans for Class of 1984 • Tursi Goes to Scotland • UC Discovers Charm of Trivial Pursuit • Language Honor Society Forms Local Chapter • Richter Announces Death of Dr. Rice • Students Debate Deployment of Missiles • Ursinus, A Well Kept Secret • Forum Relieves Tension • Shiatsu Cures Stress • UC Poet Writes About Amish • Final Exam Schedule Posted • Men\u27s Lacrosse Reaches Turning Point • Men\u27s Tennis Beats Wilkes, Loses to Mules • Greek Week Reveals Student Spirit • Gasser Named New Basketball Coach • Men\u27s Track Wins 2, Drop 1 for 7-3 Record • UC Fencers Place in Tournament • Softball at 14-3 • UC Field Hockey to Visit Europe • Jamison Breaks Recordhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1118/thumbnail.jp

A Monte Carlo Approach to Evolution of the Far-Infrared Luminosity Function with BLAST

We constrain the evolution of the rest-frame far-infrared (FIR) luminosity function out to high redshift, by combining several pieces of complementary information provided by the deep Balloon-borne Large-Aperture Submillimeter Telescope surveys at 250, 350 and 500 micron, as well as other FIR and millimetre data. Unlike most other phenomenological models, we characterise the uncertainties in our fitted parameters using Monte Carlo Markov Chains. We use a bivariate local luminosity function that depends only on FIR luminosity and 60-to-100 micron colour, along with a single library of galaxy spectral energy distributions indexed by colour, and apply simple luminosity and density evolution. We use the surface density of sources, Cosmic Infrared Background (CIB) measurements and redshift distributions of bright sources, for which identifications have been made, to constrain this model. The precise evolution of the FIR luminosity function across this crucial range has eluded studies at longer wavelengths (e.g., using SCUBA and MAMBO) and at shorter wavelengths (e.g., Spitzer), and should provide a key piece of information required for the study of galaxy evolution. Our adoption of Monte Carlo methods enables us not only to find the best-fit evolution model, but also to explore correlations between the fitted parameters. Our model-fitting approach allows us to focus on sources of tension coming from the combination of data-sets. We specifically find that our choice of parameterisation has difficulty fitting the combination of CIB measurements and redshift distribution of sources near 1 mm. Existing and future data sets will be able to dramatically improve the fits, as well as break strong degeneracies among the models. [abridged]Comment: 20 pages, 14 figures, accepted to MNRA

Measurement Report: Long-Range Transport Patterns into the Tropical Northwest Pacific during the CAMP2Ex Aircraft Campaign: Chemical Composition, Size Distributions, and the Impact of Convection

The tropical Northwest Pacific (TNWP) is a receptor for pollution sources throughout Asia and is highly susceptible to climate change, making it imperative to understand long-range transport in this complex aerosol-meteorological environment. Measurements from the NASA Cloud, Aerosol, and Monsoon Processes Philippines Experiment (CAMP2Ex; 24 August to 5 October 2019) and back trajectories from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model (HYSPLIT) were used to examine transport into the TNWP from the Maritime Continent (MC), peninsular Southeast Asia (PSEA), East Asia (EA), and the West Pacific (WP). A mid-campaign monsoon shift on 20 September 2019 led to distinct transport patterns between the southwest monsoon (SWM; before 20 September) and monsoon transition (MT; after 20 September). During the SWM, long-range transport was a function of southwesterly winds and cyclones over the South China Sea. Low- (high-) altitude air generally came from MC (PSEA), implying distinct aerosol processing related to convection and perhaps wind shear. The MT saw transport from EA and WP, driven by Pacific northeasterly winds, continental anticyclones, and cyclones over the East China Sea. Composition of transported air differed by emission source and accumulated precipitation along trajectories (APT). MC air was characterized by biomass burning tracers while major components of EA air pointed to Asian outflow and secondary formation. Convective scavenging of PSEA air was evidenced by considerable vertical differences between aerosol species but not trace gases, as well as notably higher APT and smaller particles than other regions. Finally, we observed a possible wet scavenging mechanism acting on MC air aloft that was not strictly linked to precipitation. These results are important for understanding the transport and processing of air masses with further implications for modeling aerosol lifecycles and guiding international policymaking to public health and climate, particularly during the SWM and MT

An AzTEC 1.1 mm survey of the GOODS-N field – I. Maps, catalogue and source statistics

This article has been accepted for publication in Monthly Notices Of The Royal Astronomical Society ©: 2008 T. A. Perera et al. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.We have conducted a deep and uniform 1.1 mm survey of the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey-North (GOODS-N) field with AzTEC on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. Here, we present the first results from this survey including maps, the source catalogue and 1.1 mm number counts. The results presented here were obtained from a 245 arcmin2 region with a near uniform coverage to a depth of 0.96–1.16 mJy beam−1. Our robust catalogue contains 28 source candidates detected with S/N ≥ 3.75, only ∼1– 2 of which are expected to be spurious detections. Of these source candidates, eight are also detected by Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) at 850 μm in regions where there is a good overlap between the two surveys. The major advantage of our survey over that with SCUBA is the uniformity of coverage. We calculate number counts using two different techniques: the first using a frequentist parameter estimation and the second using a Bayesian method. The two sets of results are in good agreement. We find that the 1.1 mm differential number counts are well described in the 2–6 mJy range by the functional form dN/dS=N′(S′/S) exp(−S/S′) with fitted parameters S′= 1.25 ± 0.38 mJy and dN/dS= 300 ± 90 mJy−1deg−2 at 3 mJy