Complex diseases: the relationship between genetic and sociocultural factors int the risk of disease

Les malalties complexes són causades per una combinació de factors genètics, ambientals i socioculturals, que interacciones entre si i amb el factor temps. Són molt comunes en la població i bona part també són cròniques, una combinació que comporta alts costos d'atenció sanitària. Però també són malalties que es poden prevenir, fet que també té moltes implicacions importants per als sistemes sanitaris. Els biomarcadors ens permeten integrar les dades clíniques, bioquímiques i genètiques per a calcular millor el risc d'una malaltia. A més, en molts casos, també sabem com controlar els factors socioculturals que contribueixen a la malaltia, com ara l'adopció d'una dieta i un estil de vida diferents. En aquest sentit, la medicina personalitzada convida els pacients a prendre accions clares per a millorar llur estat de salut, prevenir el desenvolupament d'una malaltia o reduir-ne la gravetat.Complex diseases are caused by a combination of genetic, environmental and sociocultural factors, interacting with one another and with the factor of time. They are very common among the population and most of them are also chronic, a combination that implies high healthcare costs. But they are also preventable, which likewise has many important implications for healthcare systems. Biomarkers allow us to integrate clinical, biochemical and genetic data to better calculate the risk of disease. Furthermore, in many cases we also know how to control the sociocultural factors contributing to the disease, such as adopting different diet and lifestyle choices. In this sense, personalised medicine allows and invites patients to take clear actions to improve their health status, prevent the development or reduce the severity of a disease

Influencia portuguesa en la toponimia extremeña

La influencia lingüística portuguesa en Extremadura y más específicamente, de los topónimos portugueses en nuestra región es muy abundante. Los topónimos portugueses en Extremadura se localizan de manera preferente en zonas que pertenecieron en otros tiempos a Portugal y en las que existe un dominio lingüístico portugués más o menos acentuado, pero también en pueblos distantes de la frontera. Se describen y detallan distintos topónimos en diferentes zonas extremeñas.Portuguese linguistic influence in Extremadura and more specifically, of the Portuguese place names in our region is very rich. The Portuguese names in Extremadura are located preferably in areas that in the past belonged to Portugal and where there is a more or less accentuated Portuguese speaking areas, but also in remote border towns. They are described and detailed different names in different areas of Extremadura.peerReviewe

La sufijación en la toponimia extremeña. I. Los sufijos -ACO, -ACHO, -AICO, -ALLO

Estudio sobre la toponimia de Extremadura, a partir de diversos sufijos. Se presenta un estudio documentado y varios mapas de distribución de topónimos.Study on the toponymy of Extremadura, from various suffixes. We present a documented study and several maps of distribution of toponyms

Mondialisation et « Nationalisme des Indes » : Contestation de l'ordre social, Identités et Nation en Amérique latine

Version non corrigée du chapitre d'introduction du livre Mondialisation et « Nationalisme des Indes » : Contestation de l'ordre social, Identités et Nation en Amérique latine.Dans une perspective d'étude comparée, ce livre cherche à restituer le rôle de la Nation dans les processus de recomposition politique vécus depuis les transformations des années 1990 en Amérique latine. Dans cette région, la discussion sur les identités et la pluralité des Nations et des cultures à l'intérieur des États, s'est intensifiée en raison des processus de globalisation et de régionalisation ainsi que des projets d'intégration en cours. L'ouvrage s'inscrit dans le cadre de travaux qui visent à clarifier la tendance propre à la phase actuelle du capitalisme : homogénéisation/universalisation, particularisation/fragmentation. Cette phase engendre, parallèlement à la décomposition des formes traditionnelles prises par les collectifs d'identification caractéristiques des périodes historiques précédentes, de nouvelles revendications identitaires. C'est pourquoi les auteurs ont choisi d'analyser la revendication nationale - un des phénomènes inhérents au « désordre global » - émanant de divers mouvements socio-politiques constitués dans les années 1990 et qui participent à des conflits pour la gestion des principales ressources économiques et culturelles. Dans ce cadre, une attention particulière a été accordée aux mouvements conduits par les peuples autochtones devenus un acteur central de l'histoire politique latino-américaine contemporaine. L'analyse de la « question nationale » permet de dépasser une perspective analytique qui tend à opposer ces nouveaux acteurs contestataires aux anciens. Les mouvements de résistance ont développé une pensée originale qui doit être mise en relation avec une tradition de mobilisations et de luttes. Leur émergence marque non pas une rupture, mais une certaine reformulation des formes d'organisations et de militance avec des nouveautés par rapport aux luttes précédentes. Au début du XXIe siècle, la scène politique latino-américaine a la particularité de fusionner des vieilles traditions de protestation sociale avec des acteurs sociaux et politiques forgés dans les conflits propres au cycle « néolibéral »

Sobrepeso e integración económica en México

ResumenLa obesidad en México y el mundo ha ido creciendo sistemáticamente, al grado que se ha convertido en una pandemia con fuertes consecuencias en padecimientos muy graves de salud pública como hipertensión, enfermedades cardiovasculares, diabetes y cáncer, todo lo cual tiene fuertes impactos en las finanzas públicas y en el crecimiento económico.En México, desde los años noventa, la obesidad y el sobrepeso han crecido de manera exponencial, mucho más que en Estados Unidos. A manera de hipótesis, sugerimos que la entrada en vigor del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte en 1994 no sólo modificó la estructura del comercio y de los flujos de capital. También gestó un cambio sustancial en los hábitos de consumo de la población, particularmente la infantil, que se manifestó en un incremento notable en el consumo de golosinas. Estos resultados emergen del análisis de la Encuesta Nacional Ingreso Gasto de los Hogares (enigh) para los años 1992 y 1996.AbstractThe obesity in Mexico and the world has been growing systematicly, to the degree that has turned into a pandemic with strong consequences into very serious sufferings of public health as hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer, everything which has strong impacts in the public finance and in the economic growth. In Mexico, from the nineties, the obesity and the overweight have grown in an exponential way, much more than in The United States. Like hypothesis, we suggest that the entry into force of the North American Free Trade Agreement in 1994 not only modified the structure of the trade and of the capital flows. Also it prepared a substantial change in the habits of consumption of the population, particularly the infantile one, which demonstrated in a notable increase in the consumption of delicacies. These results emerge of the analysis of the National Survey I deposit Expense of the Homes (enigh) for the year 1992 and 1996

Facilitating and Hindering Factors in Implementing Managerial Technology: A Socio-Technical System Process

In recent years scientists, researchers and practitioners have focused on the application and theory of managerial technologies in developing countries. Evidence suggests that the implementation of these technologies is widely sought in these countries, but that they suffer from several limitations. Among these are: (a) lack of environmental compatibility in the societies and cultures in which attempts are made to apply such organizational theories and practices; (b) differences between economic systems of developing nations and industrialized nations (c) differences in political history, values and practices and (d) differences in organizational functioning and behavior as a result of these three conditions. Employing a socio-technical system conceptual framework, the present study was designed to discover, through examination of decision-making processes of managers, what are the macro-environment and organizational factors that either facilitate or hinder the implementation of human resources management technologies commonly found in advanced industrial nations (e.g., in training, organizational development and performance measurement programs) by companies residing in a less industrially developed country. Initially, in the planning and design stage, 29 interviews were conducted with managers from 18 companies in Peru. These were content analyzed to: (1) uncover problems, issues and procedures involved in human resources management in that country, (2) identify factors helping and hindering implementation of human resources technologies, and (3) design realistic scenarios, given certain environmental and organizational conditions, policy-capturing analysis of managers\u27 decisions. Then, a comprehensive survey containing socio-technical analysis measures, 15 scenarios, and personal as well as organizational characteristic items were presented to 125 upper-level managers from 85 multinational and locally owned organizations. Results identified the political, economic and sociocultural factors that have a strong effect on managers when making decisions about implementing human resources technologies. Specifically, quality of management and of blue-collar employees, availability of local resources to support the technologies, top-management commitment to human resources development, employees\u27 commitment to organization, budget provisions for human resources development, inflation, financial solvency of the company and specific laws were found to be major determinants of their decision whether or not to implement a managerial technology. The theoretical, methodological practical and sociocultural implications, as well as cross-cultural management issues are discussed

Acting professional: An exploration of culturally bounded norms against nonwork role referencing

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/99049/1/job1874.pd

Liquen plano oral

En este trabajo de revisión se presentan los factores etiopatogénicos más comúnmente relacionados con el liquen plano oral, sus.formas clínicas más frecuentes y los tratamientos que suelen emplearse en busca de su curación. Se hace un especial hincapié en la importancia de esta enfermedad, ante la posibilidad que existe de que malignice

A Java based simulation for basic control

7th IFAC Symposium on Advances in Control Education 21/06/2006 MadridIn this paper we present a java based simulator for control education in basiccourses. The application has been developed using the well known tool Easy JavaSimulation.The objective of the application is to help the student to learn the design of classiccontrollers such as P,PI, PID, etc testing the tuning procedures to control the position ofan antenna controlled by a DC motor. Thus the application allows the student to choosethe parameters of the antenna and the DC motor, to choose the controller to be used andits parameters and finally to simulate the closed loop system observing the evolution ofthe signals as well as a 3-D view. Furthermore, in order to show the real behavior of thesystem, dead zone, saturation, disturbances and non-linearities can be added to the model.This application has been used by the authors to teach a basic control course at EscuelaSuperior de Ingenieros (University of Seville) as virtual laboratory.Moreover, since the application is java based, this can be used by the students from theauthors’ web pages and this can also be installed in the student’s laptop (whichever theplatform is) by downloading it from the authors web page (Limon and Salas, 2003Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología DPI2004-07444Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología DPI2003-0042