Desenvolvimento de uma Abordagem para a Identificação e Localização de Pessoas em Ambientes Assistidos

TCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro Tecnológico. Sistemas de Informação.Pesquisadores têm mostrado em seus projetos que o envelhecimento da população é um fato já vivenciado por diversos países do mundo. Este fato faz com que exista a necessidade da criação de novas tecnologias e modelos para auxiliar no cuidado de pacientes em ambientes externos a hospitais, como em seus próprios domicílios, por exemplo. A existência de tal demanda impulsionou estudos na área de microprocessadores e de ambientes inteligentes fazendo com que diversas abordagens e tecnologias fossem desenvolvidas para auxiliar no cuidado de pacientes com o objetivo de aumentar a qualidade de vida dessas pessoas. Tendo em vista a necessidade de novas tecnologias e do aperfeiçoamento do cuidado de pacientes à distância, este trabalho de pesquisa propôs uma abordagem para localizar e identificar usuários dentro de um ambiente domiciliar através do uso da tecnologia Bluetooth. Para isto, foram estudados conceitos, estado da arte, tecnologias, modelos e padrões utilizados e projetado um modelo que implementa a abordagem apresentada. O modelo foi criado de modo a atingir o menor custo financeiro e energético possível, sendo adaptável a ambientes assistidos, que preservasse a identidade do usuário e que os dados obtidos fossem armazenados e disponibilizados, tudo da maneira menos invasiva possível. Após projetado e desenvolvido, o modelo foi testado em diferentes cenários, mostrando-se capaz de atingir os objetivos propostos pela pesquisa

Melanocitoma Epitelioide Pigmentado: Relato de Caso

Pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma is a rare, newly described melanocytic tumor that encompasses lesions previously classified as animal type melanomas and epithelioid blue nevus of the Carney complex. Pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma is a specific clinicopathological entity with particular clinical presentation and histological features. We present the case of a 5 year old female patient with a heavily pigmented papule on her right thigh that showed histological findings compatible with pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma and discuss the relevance /clinical significance of sentinel lymph node biopsy as a staging procedure in this particular neoplasm.Melanocitoma epitelioide pigmentado é um tumor raro, recentemente descrito que engloba lesões previamente classificadas como melanomas “tipo animal” e nevo azul epitelioide do complexo de Carney. Melanocitoma epitelioide pigmentado é uma entidade clinicohistopatológica específica com apresentação clínica e características histopatológicas particulares. Apresentaremos o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino de 5 anos de idade com uma pápula densamente pigmentada em sua coxa direita que mostrou achados histológicos compatíveis com Melanocitoma epitelioide pigmentado e discutiremos a relevância/ significância clínica da biópsia de linfonodo sentinela como parte do processo de estadiamento dessa neoplasia em particular

Poisoning by Senecio brasiliensis in Horses in Northern Rio Grande do Sul

Background: In various regions of Brazil, horses and cattle are considered the most susceptible animals to plant poisoning. The plants of the genus Senecio are the most important in Rio Grande do Sul because they have the active principle known as the pyrrolizidine alkaloid. Its diagnosis is made through epidemiology, clinical signs and histopathological analysis, either of the tissues obtained by biopsy or necropsy. The objective of this study was to report and characterize the epidemiological, clinical and anatomopathological findings of three cases of natural poisoning by Senecio brasiliensis in horses assisted at the Hospital Veterinário (HV) of the Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF).Cases: Three traction horses, two males and one female, were admitted at the HV-UPF for clinical care. The animals were presenting anorexia, weight loss, dysmetria, proprioceptive deficit and signs suggestive of colic. The epidemiological study revealed that the sites where these animals were located were infested by Senecio brasiliensis. The support therapy used for equine colic in all three cases was unsuccessful. One of the animals died and the other two were euthanized, all three of them being reffered for necropsy. The post-mortem findings were mainly found in the liver, which showed accentuation of the lobular pattern and the appearance of nutmeg. During necropsy, fragments of organs from thoracic and abdominal cavities and central nervous system were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. Subsequently, the samples were processed chemically, submitted to cuts of five micrometers of thickness and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for microscopic analysis. Microscopically, the liver of all three horses presented megalocytosis, fibrosis and bile ducts hyperplasia. In the central nervous system, spongiosis and the presence of Alzheimer type II astrocytes were observed. Thus, through the association of information, the diagnosis of poisoning by Senecio brasiliensis was achieved.Discussion: The diagnosis of natural poisoning by Senecio brasiliensis was obtained through the epidemiological survey that showed S. brasiliensis in pastures where all three horses were allocated.  Cases of intoxication by S. brasieliensis in cattle are more frequent than in equines, although both species are considered the most susceptible. In horses, the main clinical manifestations observed include neurological disorders, apathy, anorexia, dysphagia, weight loss, subcutaneous edema and icterus. The clinical signs presented by the equines suggested initial signs of colic syndrome, although anorexia, weight loss, dysmetria and proprioceptive deficit are commonly observed in pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning in the liver, both in cattle and horses. The pyrrolizidine alkaloids present in the genus Senecio that become toxic when biotransformed in the liver into a pyrrholic form highly reactive that inhibits cell mitosis and leads to the onset of megalocytosis, cell death and liver fibrosis. The necropsy findings and histopathology were characteristic of poisoning in equines, since the predominant macroscopic lesions in the liver were hepatomegaly and accentuation of lobular pattern, whereas microscopically, there was a predominance of hepatic fibrosis, megalocytosis, spongiosis and the incidence of Alzheimer's type II astrocytes in the brain. These lesions are observed both in natural and in experimental cases of poisoning in horses. Thus, through the ante-mortem and complete post-mortem evaluation of the three equines, it was possible to establish the occurrence of natural poisoning by Senecio brasiliensis in Northern Rio Grande do Sul, as well as to characterize the epidemiological, clinical and anatomopathological findings of poisoning in this species

TRATAMENTO DE FRATURA COMPLEXA DO RAMO MANDIBULAR. RELATO DE CASO

O tratamento das fraturas mandibulares complexas, ou seja, aquelas em que ocorre mais de um traço de fratura concomitantemente, representam um desafio para o cirurgião buco-maxilo-facial devido às altas taxas de complicações pós-operatórias. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar através do relato de um caso clínico os princípios do tratamento de fraturas complexas da mandíbula. Um paciente de 17 anos, branco, gênero masculino, apresentou-se no Hospital XV após ter sofrido acidente ciclístico com traumatismo facial. Ao exame clínico o paciente apresentava edema na região de ângulo e ramo mandibular do lado esquerdo, parestesia do nervo alveolar inferior, alteração oclusal, limitação dos movimentos mandibulares e creptação óssea à manipulação. Aos exames de imagem foi confirmada a presença de fratura complexa do ramo mandibular do lado esquerdo. Instituiu-se tratamento cirúrgico através de acesso submandibular para redução e fixação dos segmentos ósseos fraturados, com controle da oclusão. Utilizou-se fixação interna rígida com 1 placa do sistema 2.3mm com parafusos bicorticais e 1 placa do sistema 2.0mm com parafusos monocorticais. O paciente encontra-se em acompanhamento ambulatorial, apresentando resultado final satisfatório tanto estético quanto funcional. A filosofia de tratamento bem como os resultados obtidos neste caso serão confrontados àqueles disponíveis na literatura.

Control of the Intracellular Redox State by Glucose Participates in the Insulin Secretion Mechanism

Background: Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to chronic exposure to glucose has been associated with impaired beta cell function and diabetes. However, physiologically, beta cells are well equipped to deal with episodic glucose loads, to which they respond with a fine tuned glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). In the present study, a systematic investigation in rat pancreatic islets about the changes in the redox environment induced by acute exposure to glucose was carried out. Methodology/Principal Findings: Short term incubations were performed in isolated rat pancreatic islets. Glucose dose- and time-dependently reduced the intracellular ROS content in pancreatic islets as assayed by fluorescence in a confocal microscope. This decrease was due to activation of pentose-phosphate pathway (PPP). Inhibition of PPP blunted the redox control as well as GSIS in a dose-dependent manner. The addition of low doses of ROS scavengers at high glucose concentration acutely improved beta cell function. The ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine increased the intracellular calcium response to glucose that was associated with a small decrease in ROS content. Additionally, the presence of the hydrogen peroxide-specific scavenger catalase, in its membrane-permeable form, nearly doubled glucose metabolism. Interestingly, though an increase in GSIS was also observed, this did not match the effect on glucose metabolism. Conclusions: The control of ROS content via PPP activation by glucose importantly contributes to the mechanisms that couple the glucose stimulus to insulin secretion. Moreover, we identified intracellular hydrogen peroxide as an inhibitor of glucose metabolism intrinsic to rat pancreatic islets. These findings suggest that the intracellular adjustment of the redox environment by glucose plays an important role in the mechanism of GSIS.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)(CAPES) Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior, Brazi

Redox modulation in pancreatic islets and its implication for insulin secretion.

O efeito de alterações no estado de óxido-redução (redox), tanto pelo aumento no estado oxidativo quanto pelo aumento no estado redutor, foi avaliado sobre a funcionalidade de ilhotas pancreáticas, através da análise da secreção de insulina estimulada pela glicose (GSIS), metabolismo da glicose e oscilações intracelulares de cálcio. O aumento no estado oxidativo inibiu a funcionalidade da célula pancreática. Entretanto, diminuição no estado oxidativo pela adição de antioxidantes exerceu efeito dual sobre a funcionalidade da célula &#946 pancreática, na qual pequenas alterações no estado redox estimularam a GSIS, enquanto alterações maiores suprimiram este efeito positivo. Adicionalmente, o conteúdo das espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs) foi modulado por mudanças na concentração de glicose. Agudamente, o aumento na concentração de glicose suprimiu o conteúdo de EROs, que pôde ser correlacionada com o aumento na atividade da via de formação de NADPH, a via das pentoses-fosfato. Sob estes aspectos, alterações no estado redox podem ser parte do processo da GSIS.The effect of changes in the oxidation/reduction (redox) state over pancreatic islet function was analyzed by shifts toward oxidative or reducing environments. Pancreatic cell function was analyzed by glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), glucose metabolism and intracellular calcium oscillations. Redox modulation favoring the oxidative state inhibited pancreatic cell function. However, the suppression of the oxidative state by antioxidant treatment exerted a dual effect on pancreatic &#946 cell function, where small changes were positively correlated with an increase in insulin secretion, while higher changes suppressed GSIS. Additionally, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content was modulated by changes in glucose concentration. Increasing concentrations of glucose acutely suppressed ROS content, what was correlated with the activation of the NADPH source, the pentose-phosphate pathway. Thus, the intracellular adjustment of ROS content may be part of the insulin secretion mechanism in response to glucose

Low doses of hydrogen peroxide impair glucose-stimulated insulin secretion via inhibition of glucose metabolism and intracellular calcium oscillations

The inhibitory effect of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was previously reported. However, the precise mechanism involved was not systematically investigated. In this study, the effects of low concentrations of H(2)O(2) (5-10 mu mol/L) on glucose metabolism, intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) oscillations, and dynamic insulin secretion in rat pancreatic islets were investigated. Low concentrations of H(2)O(2) impaired insulin secretion in the presence of high glucose levels (16.7 mmol/L). This phenomenon was observed already after 2 minutes of exposure to H(2)O(2). Glucose oxidation and the amplitude of [Ca(2+)](i); oscillations were dose-dependently suppressed by H(2)O(2). These findings indicate that low concentrations of H(2)O(2) reduce insulin secretion in the presence of high glucose levels via inhibition of glucose metabolism and consequent impairment in [Ca(2+)](i); handling. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Technologico (CNPq)Coordenadoria de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Ensino Superior (CAPES), BrazilCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES