Determinación de las concentraciones de Plomo y Cadmio en papas (Solanum tuberosum) cultivadas en los terrenos ribereños del Río Santa - Ancash

Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autorRealiza la cuantificación de plomo y cadmio en papa cultivada en los terrenos ribereños del Rio Santa – Ancash, Perú por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica en horno de grafito. Los pueblos donde se recogieron las muestras corresponden a las provincias de Recuay, Huaraz, Carhuaz y Yungay que se encuentran a lo largo del río Santa - Ancash, Perú. Los resultados obtenidos para la concentración de plomo, indican que el 100 % de las muestras analizadas exceden el límite máximo permisible con un promedio de 1,814 ppm. Los resultados obtenidos para la concentración de cadmio, indican que el 37 % de las muestras excedieron el límite máximo permisible con un promedio de 0,102 ppm. El límite máximo permisible para plomo y cadmio es de 0,1 ppm según lo indicado en el Codex Alimentarius CODEX STAN 193-1995 Revisión 2009.Tesi

Biosecurity in dental care for the COVID-19 pandemic: a global analysis of the new measures

Luego del brote de COVID-19 en el mundo, en medio de una crisis sanitaria, la odontología como profesión de alto nivel de riesgo de contaminación se plantea un reto, para la restructuración de sus procedimientos. Al respecto, se han revisado diferentes enfoques de las guías internacionales con diferentes realidades y experiencias en el campo, llegando a recomendaciones para el diseño y uso del óptimo equipo de protección personal (EPP) en tiempos de escasez, minimizando los riesgos de contaminación. Sin embargo, la mayor parte de estas no están apoyadas con evidencia científica odontológica, mientras que se van desarrollando nuevos dispositivos, minimizando la exposición a procedimientos generadores de aerosoles (PGA) como barreras físicas.After the outbreak of COVID-19 in the world, during a health crisis, dentistry as a profession with a high level of risk of contamination poses a challenge, for the restructuring of its procedures. In this regard, different approaches to international guidelines have been reviewed with diverse realities and experiences in the field, reaching recommendations for the design and use of optimal personal protective equipment (PPE) in times of scarcity, minimizing the risks of contamination. However, most of these are not supported by dental scientific evidence, while new devices are being developed, minimizing exposure to aerosol-generating procedures (PGA) as physical barriers

Should the first blood pressure reading be discarded?

We evaluated the consequences of excluding the first of three blood pressure (BP) readings in different settings: a random population sample (POS, n=1525), a general practice office (GPO, n=942) and a specialized hypertension center (SHC, n=462). Differences between systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP) estimates obtained including and excluding the first reading were compared and their correlation with ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) was estimated. The samples were divided into quartiles according to the difference between the third and the first SBP (3-1ΔSBP). SBP decreased through sequential readings, 3-1ΔSBP was -5.5 ± 9.7 mm Hg (P<0.001), -5.1 ± 10.4 mm Hg (P<0.001) and -6.1 ± 9.3 mm Hg (P<0.001) for POS, GPO and SHC, respectively. However, individuals included in the top quartile of 3-1ΔSBP showed their highest values on the third reading. The mean SBP estimate was significantly higher excluding the first reading (P<0.001), but the differences among both approaches were small (1.5-1.6 mm g). Moreover, the correlation between SBP values including and excluding the first reading and daytime ABPM were comparable (r = 0.69 and 0.68, respectively). Similar results were observed for DBP. In conclusion, our study does not support the notion of discarding the first BP measurement and suggests that it should be measured repeatedly, regardless the first value.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Arterial Stiffness: Its Relation with Prediabetes and Metabolic Syndrome and Possible Pathogenesis

Aims: To evaluate arterial stiffness indicators in people with prediabetes (PreD) and its possible pathogenesis. Materials and methods: Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured in 208 people with FINDRISC ≥ 13 (57 ± 8 years old, 68.7% women) and thereafter divided into those having either normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or PreD. In each subgroup we also identified those with/out insulin resistance (IR) measured by the triglyceride/HDL-c ratio (normal cut off values previously established in our population). Clinical and metabolic data were collected for all participants. PWV was compared between subgroups using independent t test. Results: Women and men had comparable clinical and metabolic characteristics with obesity (BMI ≥ 30) and antihypertensive-statin treatment, almost half with either NGT or PreD. Whereas 48% of NGT people presented IR (abnormally high TG/HDL-c ratio), 52% had PreD. PWV was significantly higher only in those with a complete picture of metabolic syndrome (MS). Conclusions: Since PWV was significantly impaired in people with a complete picture of MS, clinicians must carefully search for early diagnosis of this condition and prescribe a healthy life-style to prevent development/progression of CVD. This proactive attitude would provide a cost-effective preventive strategy to avoid CVD’s negative impact on patients’ quality of life and on health systems due to their higher care costs.Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y AplicadaFacultad de Ciencias Médica

Should the first blood pressure reading be discarded?

We evaluated the consequences of excluding the first of three blood pressure (BP) readings in different settings: a random population sample (POS, n=1525), a general practice office (GPO, n=942) and a specialized hypertension center (SHC, n=462). Differences between systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP) estimates obtained including and excluding the first reading were compared and their correlation with ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) was estimated. The samples were divided into quartiles according to the difference between the third and the first SBP (3-1ΔSBP). SBP decreased through sequential readings, 3-1ΔSBP was -5.5 ± 9.7 mm Hg (P<0.001), -5.1 ± 10.4 mm Hg (P<0.001) and -6.1 ± 9.3 mm Hg (P<0.001) for POS, GPO and SHC, respectively. However, individuals included in the top quartile of 3-1ΔSBP showed their highest values on the third reading. The mean SBP estimate was significantly higher excluding the first reading (P<0.001), but the differences among both approaches were small (1.5-1.6 mm g). Moreover, the correlation between SBP values including and excluding the first reading and daytime ABPM were comparable (r = 0.69 and 0.68, respectively). Similar results were observed for DBP. In conclusion, our study does not support the notion of discarding the first BP measurement and suggests that it should be measured repeatedly, regardless the first value.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Co-occurrence of mutations in NF1 and other susceptibility genes in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma

IntroductionThe percentage of patients diagnosed with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (altogether PPGL) carrying known germline mutations in one of the over fifteen susceptibility genes identified to date has dramatically increased during the last two decades, accounting for up to 35-40% of PPGL patients. Moreover, the application of NGS to the diagnosis of PPGL detects unexpected co-occurrences of pathogenic allelic variants in different susceptibility genes.MethodsHerein we uncover several cases with dual mutations in NF1 and other PPGL genes by targeted sequencing. We studied the molecular characteristics of the tumours with co-occurrent mutations, using omic tools to gain insight into the role of these events in tumour development.ResultsAmongst 23 patients carrying germline NF1 mutations, targeted sequencing revealed additional pathogenic germline variants in DLST (n=1) and MDH2 (n=2), and two somatic mutations in H3-3A and PRKAR1A. Three additional patients, with somatic mutations in NF1 were found carrying germline pathogenic mutations in SDHB or DLST, and a somatic truncating mutation in ATRX. Two of the cases with dual germline mutations showed multiple pheochromocytomas or extra-adrenal paragangliomas - an extremely rare clinical finding in NF1 patients. Transcriptional and methylation profiling and metabolite assessment showed an “intermediate signature” to suggest that both variants had a pathological role in tumour development.DiscussionIn conclusion, mutations affecting genes involved in different pathways (pseudohypoxic and receptor tyrosine kinase signalling) co-occurring in the same patient could provide a selective advantage for the development of PPGL, and explain the variable expressivity and incomplete penetrance observed in some patients

Unión Ibero-Americana, Año XXXII, Núm. 1

54 páginasTEXTO: Noticias de España: La última crisis, por Andrés Pando.- La catástrofe de Guatemala.- La nueva Constitución del Uruguay, por Juan Rodríguez López.- Cristóbal Colón, por Segundo de Ispizua.- Costa Rica.- El descubrimiento de América y las joyas de la Reina Doña Isabel, por Eduardo Salinas.- Problema de actualidad: El algodón, por Alfredo Rodríguez Elías.- Ecos de la Fiesta de la Raza.- Libros nacionales y extranjeros, por Antonio Balbín de Unquera.- Memoria de la Unión Ibero-Americana correspondiente al año 1917.- Anuncios

Unión Ibero-Americana, Año XXX, Núm. 3

42 páginasGRABADOS: Buenos Aires: Palacio de Justicia y Plaza Lavalle; Argentina: Avenida Callao y Escuela Sarmiento; Casa de Gobierno en la capital de Buenos Aires; Calle de San Martín en Rosario de Santa Fe; La Plata: Municipalidad.- Río de Janeiro (Brasil): Palacio de los emigrantes: Acueducto de la Carioca en Río de Janeiro.- Santiago de Chile: La Casa de la Moneda. TEXTO: El tercer Centenario de la muerte de Cervantes: Exposición y Real decreto.- Labor patriótica: La pureza del lenguaje; Cursiparlantes y puristas.- Los españoles del Uruguay y el ex Presidente Williman.- Rubén Darío (necrológica).- Paraguay, por Federico García.- Muerte de un notable americanista: D. Orestes Araújo, historiador y geógrafo, por Rog W. Pampa. Los gastos de Costa Rica. El Salvador y Honduras en 1914-1915, según las previsiones legislativas.- La juventud en el Centenario de Cervantes, por R. García Moreno.- La canción que no te dije (poesía), por Eduardo de Ory.- Los españoles en América: Una carta de Bolivia; Hispania, revista quincenal hispano-americana.- Resoluciones finales del segundo Congreso Científico Panamericano.- Elementos de éxito en la exportación española: Conferencia pronunciada en la Unión-Iberoamericana, el 7 de diciembre de 1915, por D. Antonio Burgos. Encargado de negocios de Panamá.- Unión Ibero-Americana; Memoria correspondiente al año 1915.- Libros nacionales y extranjeros, por Antonio Balbín de Unquera y Manuel Valdemoro.- Biblioteca.- Catálogo de exportadores españoles.- Anuncios