Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Irrigação de plantas forrageiras tropicais e sorgo granífero na região do Arenito Caiuá - Paraná

The northeastern region of the state of Paraná, Brazil, is known for its high temperatures, badly distributed rains, and arenite soil characterized by low fertility and erosion. Cattle-raising is the most common source of income on farms in which the deployment of irrigation systems may raise productivity and improve families' income. Current analysis assessed the response potentiality of four tropical forage plants (Moçamba, Pioneiro, Marandu and Tifton 85) and four varieties of grain-bearing sorghum (MR 43, Buster, Catuy and DKB 599) in irrigated and non-irrigated crop systems. Investigation was undertaken on the IAPAR experimental farm in Paranavai PR Brazil, located in the Caiuá sandstone region, altitude 480 meters, with dystrophic red latisol and fractions comprising 89.20% sand, 1% silt and 9.80% clay. The experiment consisted of randomized blocks made up of 2 X 4 factorial design (irrigation and farming). Irrigation management followed water balance in a soil defined by field and permanent wilting point capacity according to characteristic water retention curve. A 0.5 availability factor and water replacement by irrigation was employed so that humidity in field capacity at an effective root depth capacity of 50 cm could be achieved. Experiment in forage plants started on the 16th November 2009 and lasted up to the 28th April 2010, or rather, a 163-day period. Dry mass production per hectare, accumulation rates, dry leaf mass, dry stalk mass, senescent and dead material, and crude protein rates of forage plants were evaluated. Further, sorghum was cultivated for 102 days, from the 10th December 2009 to the 22nd March 2010. Grain production per hectare, one-thousand-seed weight and plant height were evaluated. Irrigation did not cause any increase in forage dry mass, although crude protein in leaves increased. Cultivars Pioneiro, Tifton 85 and Marandu were more productive. In the case of grain-bearing sorghum cultivars, irrigation increased the production of the cultivar Buster, whereas cultivars MR 43 and Buster were more productive than DKB 599 respectively in the irrigation and non-irrigation production system.A região Noroeste do Estado do Paraná se caracteriza por possuir altas temperaturas, chuvas mal distribuídas, solos arenosos, de baixa fertilidade e suscetíveis à erosão. A pecuária é a fonte de renda em um grande número de propriedades, onde a utilização de sistemas irrigados poderia elevar a produtividade e melhorar a renda das famílias. Baseado nesta realidade, este estudo objetivou avaliar o potencial de resposta de quatro forrageiras tropicais (Mombaça, Pioneiro, Marandu e Tifton 85) e quatro variedades de sorgo granífero (MR 43, Buster, Catuy e DKB 599), em sistema de cultivo irrigado e não-irrigado. O estudo foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental do Iapar, no município de Paranavaí - PR, localizado na região do Arenito Caiuá, com altitude de 480 m, sendo o solo caracterizado como Latossolo Vermelho distrófico textura média, com frações de 89,20% de areia, 1,00% de silte e 9,80% de argila. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 X 4 (irrigação e cultivar). O manejo da irrigação foi realizado de acordo com o balanço de água no solo definido pela capacidade de campo e ponto de murcha permanente de acordo com a curva característica de retenção de água no solo, utilizando-se um fator de disponibilidade de 0,5 e reposição de água pela irrigação para atingir a umidade na capacidade de campo, em uma profundidade efetiva de raiz de 50 cm. A condução das forrageiras se iniciou no dia 16/11/09, encerrando-se no dia 28/4/10, com período experimental de 163 dias. Foram avaliados: a produção de massa seca por hectare, a taxa de acúmulo, a massa seca de folhas, de colmo, de material senescente e morto e o teor de proteína bruta na folha das forragens. O sorgo foi cultivado durante 102 dias de 10/12/2009 a 22/3/10, e foram avaliadas a produção de grãos por hectare, o peso de mil sementes e a altura de plantas. A irrigação não proporcionou aumento da massa seca de forragem, mas aumentou a proteína bruta na folha. As cultivares, Pioneiro, Tifton 85 e Marandu se mostraram mais produtivas. Para as cultivares de sorgo granífero, a irrigação proporcionou aumento na produção da cultivar Buster e a cultivar MR 43 foi mais produtiva que DKB 599 no sistema de produção irrigado e que Buster no não-irrigado.xv, 65

Technical and economic indicators of milk production systems in the Caiuá sandstone region

  The aim of this study was to analyze technical and economic indicators of family milk production systems, with different technology levels, in the Caiuá sandstone area in Northwestern Paraná, Brazil. The analysis period covers the agricultural years 2002/2003 to 2013/2014. The categorization of the milk production systems was based on information from agricultural farms monitored by the Reference Network for Family Agriculture. The cost-benefit analysis method was used for the economic assessment of milk production. Based on the results, three family milk production systems were identified in the region, characterized by the use of low, medium and high intensification technologies for pasture management. The production costs per unit area were found to be higher in the system with high technology and lower in the system with low technology. However, although the total revenue in the production system with a high technological intensification is greater than in the other systems, the capital needed for a technological transition is higher. In all the systems, when the costs were deducted, including the return on family labor, there was a profit, even with the climate and soil constraints inherent in the region.

Metástases pulmonares em crianças: estamos operando desnecessariamente?

RESUMO Objetivo: determinar, em pacientes pediátricos portadores de neoplasias malignas, as características de nódulos pulmonares identificados à tomografia computadorizada, capazes de diferenciar nódulos benignos de metástases. Métodos: estudo retrospectivo de pacientes submetidos a ressecções pulmonares de nódulos diagnosticados como metástases em um período de sete anos. Achados de tomografia e da cirurgia, assim como resultados dos exames anatomopatológicos foram comparados. Resultados: nove pacientes, submetidos a 11 intervenções cirúrgicas, foram estudados. Entre as variáveis estudadas, apenas o tamanho do nódulo, maior do que 12,5mm provou ser estatisticamente significante para predizer malignidade. Conclusão: esse estudo sugere que, entre as características tomográficas de nódulos pulmonares de crianças portadoras de neoplasias malignas, apenas o tamanho da lesão foi preditor de malignidade

Pulmonary metastases in children: are we operating unnecessarily?

<p></p><p>ABSTRACT Objective: to determine, in pediatric patients with malignant neoplasms, the characteristics of pulmonary nodules identified on computed tomography, as well as the possibility of differentiating benign lesions from metastases. Methods: we conducted a retrospective study of patients submitted to pulmonary resections of nodules diagnosed as metastases in a period of seven years. We compared computed tomography and surgery findings, as well as results of anatomopathological examinations. Results: we studied nine patients submitted to 11 surgical interventions. Among the studied variables, only nodule size greater than 12.5mm proved to be statistically significant to predict malignancy. Conclusion: among the tomographic characteristics of pulmonary nodules in children with malignant neoplasms, only the size of the lesion was a predictor of malignancy.</p><p></p

Avulsions in adolescent soccer players: preliminary results of radiographic, ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance findings

Objectives: The main objective of this study was to characterize soccer related avulsions radiologically. The secondary objectives were to describe the athletes' clinical profile and other musculoskeletal changes associated with avulsions. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study with adolescent athletes from a Brazilian team soccer academy. Inclusion criteria were age between 11 and 16 years and clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis of avulsion. Exclusion criteria were exams with an unacceptable technical standard and absence of clinical data. Four radiologists revised the exams consensually (two for each method). The equipment used was a General Electric (GE) US scanner, model Logic 10, and a 1.5 T MRI GE scanner, Optima MR 360 model, and a Shimadzu RX scanner, Radspeed MC model. Results and discussion: Nine showed signs of avulsion from a sample of 37 athletes. The mean age was 13.1 years, and all were male. Four athletes were injured during the matches (44.4%), and another five were in training (55.6%). Clinically, one injury was considered mild (11.1%), two moderate (22.2%), and six severe (66.7%). The anatomical locations and frequencies of avulsions were: five in the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) (55.6%), two in the ischiatic tuberosity (IT) (22.2%), and two in the iliac crest (22.2%). Ultrasonography (US) was performed in 10 cases and detected seven avulsions (77.8%). All lesions not detected by US occurred at the IT. A pelvic radiograph was performed in seven cases and was positive in five athletes (77.8%). Undetected cases occurred at the AIIS. Avulsions occurred in isolation in eight cases (88.9%), simultaneously with indirect trauma in three (33.3%) and direct trauma in two (22.2%). Conclusion: In adolescent soccer players, a quarter of traumatic injuries are avulsions, which are more common at the AIIS. US proved ineffective in identifying some IT lesions and radiography, some others at the AIIS

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications