Analisis Tingkat Kesehatan Bank dengan Menggunakan Metode Rgec (Studi pada Bank Swasta yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia)

Bank or banking is a pillar in building the Indonesian financial system and the economy because banks hanve a very important role as an intermediary institution is a financial institution that connects funds owned by units of the economic surplus economic units in need of funds. Bank performance that goes well will be able to support the growth of business for the bank's role here is as a provider of investment funds and working capital for the business units in carrying out the production function. To the Bank Indonesian as regulator and supervisor directs the course of bank operations with the banking system development policy provisions in assessing the soundness of banks should be measured by the bank's management in order to achieve stability in the financial system in order to boost national economic growth.This research is a quantitative descriptive study in order to determine and analyze the health of private banks in PT Bank Danamon Tbk, PT Bank CIMB Niaga Tbk and PT Bank Internasional Indonesia Tbk in 2010-2014 period by using RGEC method. The method of measuring the level of health by using ratios as indicators of NPL, LDR, NPM, ROA and CAR on the bank's financial statements as the primary data.Results of research conducted average yield ratio and placement of components ratings show PT Bank Danamon Tbk of the 2010-2014 consecutive is categorized “HEALTHY” (PK-2), “HEALTHY” (PK-2), “HEALTHY” (PK-2), “HEALTHY” (PK-2), “HEALTHY” (PK-2). PT Bank CIMB Niaga Tbk of the 2010-2014 consecutive is categorized “HEALTHY” (PK-2), “HEALTHY” (PK-2), “VERY HEALTHY” (PK-1), “HEALTHY” (PK-2), “HEALTHY” (PK-2). PT Bank Internasional Indonesia Tbk of the 2010-2014 consecutive is categorized “HEALTHY” (PK-2), “HEALTHY ENOUGH” (PK-3), “HEALTHY” (PK-2), “HEALTHY” (PK-2), “HEALTHY ENOUGH” (PK-3)

Research as political-pedagogical mediation. Reflections based on the Participatory Budget

"This article analyzes research as political-pedagogical mediation in constituting citizenship, having as a reference the Participatory Budget process of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). It verifies how, through a participative methodology, the researcher is challenged to reposition him or her self and the process of production of knowledge in the context of social change." (author's abstract

Research, Participation and Social Transformation: Notes on the Unfolding of a Research Practice

"The article presents the experiences of a research group in South Brazil. The main purpose is to describe and reflect upon the process developed by a group which, while following quite independent paths, encounters in participatory action research the methodological basis for carrying out different projects. There are presented and discussed five different projects: (1) participatory budgeting, which also marked the beginning of the group; (2) the work of artisans; (3) National Programme for Public Security and Citizenship; (4) pedagogical mediations in associated work; (5) evaluation research with an NGO engaged in popular education. The conclusions point to the importance of considering the interplay of the social, political and pedagogical dimensions within a research practice." (author's abstract

Origin of a Simultaneous Suppression of Thermal Conductivity and Increase of Electrical Conductivity and Seebeck Coefficient in Disordered Cubic Cu2ZnSnS4

The parameters governing the thermoelectric efficiency of a material, Seebeck coefficient, electrical, and thermal conductivities, are correlated and their reciprocal interdependence typically prevents a simultaneous optimization. Here, we present the case of disordered cubic kesterite Cu$_{2}$ZnSnS$_{4}$, a phase stabilized by structural disorder at low temperature. With respect to the ordered form, the introduction of disorder improves the three thermoelectric parameters at the same time. The origin of this peculiar behavior lies in the localization of some Sn lone pair electrons, leading to “rattling” Sn ions. On one hand, these rattlers remarkably suppress thermal conductivity, dissipating lattice energy via optical phonons located below 1.5 THz; on the other, they form electron-deficient Sn—S bonds leading to a p-type dopinglike effect and highly localized acceptor levels, simultaneously enhancing electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient. This phenomenon leads to a 3 times reduced thermal conductivity and doubling of both electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient, resulting in a more than 20 times increase in figure of merit, although still moderate in absolute terms

On the thermodynamic path enabling a room-temperature, laser-assisted graphite to nanodiamond transformation

Nanodiamonds are the subject of active research for their potential applications in nano-magnetometry, quantum optics, bioimaging and water cleaning processes. Here, we present a novel thermodynamic model that describes a graphite-liquid-diamond route for the synthesis of nanodiamonds. Its robustness is proved via the production of nanodiamonds powders at room-temperature and standard atmospheric pressure by pulsed laser ablation of pyrolytic graphite in water. The aqueous environment provides a confinement mechanism that promotes diamond nucleation and growth, and a biologically compatible medium for suspension of nanodiamonds. Moreover, we introduce a facile physico-chemical method that does not require harsh chemical or temperature conditions to remove the graphitic byproducts of the laser ablation process. A full characterization of the nanodiamonds by electron and Raman spectroscopies is reported. Our model is also corroborated by comparison with experimental data from the literature

Surface Instability and Chemical Reactivity of ZrSiS and ZrSiSe Nodal-Line Semimetals

Materials exhibiting nodal-line fermions promise superb impact on technology for the prospect of dissipationless spintronic devices. Among nodal-line semimetals, the ZrSiX (X = S, Se, Te) class is the most suitable candidate for such applications. However, the surface chemical reactivity of ZrSiS and ZrSiSe has not been explored yet. Here, by combining different surface-science tools and density functional theory, it is demonstrated that the formation of ZrSiS and ZrSiSe surfaces by cleavage is accompanied by the washing up of the exotic topological bands, giving rise to the nodal line. Moreover, while the ZrSiS has a termination layer with both Zr and S atoms, in the ZrSiSe surface, reconstruction occurs with the appearance of Si surface atoms, which is particularly prone to oxidation. It is demonstrated that the chemical activity of ZrSiX compounds is mostly determined by the interaction of the Si layer with the ZrX sublayer. A suitable encapsulation for ZrSiX should not only preserve their surfaces from interaction with oxidative species, but also provide a saturation of dangling bonds with minimal distortion of the surface. © 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, WeinheimU.S. Department of Energy, USDOE: DE-SC0014208A.P. thanks Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. for financial support. Z.M. thanks the support by the U.S. Department of Energy under grant DE-SC0014208 for material synthesis. This work was partly performed in the framework of the Nanoscience Foundry and Fine Analysis facility (NFFA-MIUR Italy Progetti Internazionali)

An integrated ultra-high vacuum apparatus for growth and in situ characterization of complex materials

Here we present an integrated ultra-high vacuum apparatus \u2013 named MBE-Cluster \u2013 dedicated to the growth and in situ structural, spectroscopic and magnetic characterization of complex materials. Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) growth of metal oxides, e.g. manganites, and deposition of patterned metallic layers can be fabricated and in situ characterized by reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) - Auger Electron Spectroscopy, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (PES) and azimuthal longitudinal magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE). The temperature can be controlled in the range from 5 to 580 K, with the possibility of application of magnetic fields H up to \ub17 kOe and electric fields E for voltages up to \ub1500 V. The MBE-Cluster operates for in-house research as well as user facility in combination with the APE beamlines at Sincrotrone-Trieste and the high harmonic generator (HHG) facility for timeresolved spectroscopy

A reaction cell for ambient pressure soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy

We present a new experimental setup for performing X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) in the soft X-ray range at ambient pressure. The ambient pressure XAS setup is fully compatible with the ultra high vacuum environment of a synchrotron radiation spectroscopy beamline end station by means of ultrathin Si3N4 membranes acting as windows for the X-ray beam and seal of the atmospheric sample environment. The XAS detection is performed in total electron yield (TEY) mode by probing the drain current from the sample with a picoammeter. The high signal/noise ratio achievable in the TEY mode, combined with a continuous scanning of the X-ray energies, makes it possible recording XAS spectra in a few seconds. The first results show the performance of this setup to record fast XAS spectra from sample surfaces exposed at atmospheric pressure, even in the case of highly insulating samples. The use of a permanent magnet inside the reaction cell enables the measurement of X-ray magnetic circular dichroism at ambient pressure

Tailoring the Surface Chemical Reactivity of Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide PtTe2 Crystals

PtTe2 is a novel transition-metal dichalcogenide hosting type-II Dirac fermions that displays application capabilities in optoelectronics and hydrogen evolution reaction. Here it is shown, by combining surface science experiments and density functional theory, that the pristine surface of PtTe2 is chemically inert toward the most common ambient gases (oxygen and water) and even in air. It is demonstrated that the creation of Te vacancies leads to the appearance of tellurium-oxide phases upon exposing defected PtTe2 surfaces to oxygen or ambient atmosphere, which is detrimental for the ambient stability of uncapped PtTe2-based devices. On the contrary, in PtTe2 surfaces modified by the joint presence of Te vacancies and substitutional carbon atoms, the stable adsorption of hydroxyl groups is observed, an essential step for water splitting and the water–gas shift reaction. These results thus pave the way toward the exploitation of this class of Dirac materials in catalysis. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, WeinheimHorizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020: 696656-GrapheneCore1A.P. and G.C. thank Vito Fabio for technical support and Marilena Zappia for having participated in HREELS experiments. This work was partly performed in the framework of the Nanoscience Foundry and Fine Analysis (NFFA-MIUR Italy Progetti Internazionali) project under Proposal No. 2017004. This project received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement No. 696656-GrapheneCore1