Detección molecular de un fragmento del virus de lengua azul en borregos de diferentes regiones de México

Bluetongue disease (BTD) affects various species of wild and domestic ruminants. In Mexico, the disease, caused by the bluetongue virus (BTV) is still regarded as exotic, despite the fact that antibodies have been detected on several occasions. The objective was to establish molecular techniques using a synthetic gene, including the genes NS1 and NS3 as positive controls for the diagnosis of BTV in samples of sheep from different regions of the country. A total of 320 total whole blood samples were obtained from sheep. The samples obtained were evaluated by end-point RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR, the conditions having been established by the work group. Twelve sheep samples were found to be positive for the detection of NS1; these samples were sequenced, and a fragment of 101 base pairs was obtained. Upon alignment, were obtained identities with sequences reported in GenBank with NS1 fragments ranging from 89 % (p= 1e-12) to 98 % (p= 4e-13), corresponding to serotypes 10, 11 and 12. From these samples, two positive sheep samples were obtained using real-time PCR (RT-PCR): one from Chiapas (Chiapas breed), and the other, from Tamaulipas (Suffolk breed). The results of the RT-PCR were corroborated by CPA-SENASICA. This work provides evidence, for the first time in Mexico, of the importance of using a synthetic gene as a positive control to perform BSL-2 detection in official laboratories, which in a health emergency is of utmost importance.La enfermedad de la lengua azul (LA) afecta diferentes especies de rumiantes silvestres y domésticos. En México, la enfermedad producida por el virus de la lengua azul (VLA), aún es reconocida como exótica, a pesar de que, en diferentes ocasiones se han detectado anticuerpos. El objetivo fue establecer técnicas moleculares usando un gen sintético que incluye los genes NS1 y NS3 como control positivo para establecer el diagnóstico del VLA en muestras de ovinos de diferentes regiones del país, mediante técnicas moleculares. Se obtuvieron 320 muestras totales de sangre completa de ovinos. Las muestras obtenidas se evaluaron mediante RT-PCR punto final y RT-PCR en tiempo real estableciendo las condiciones por el grupo de trabajo. Se encontraron 12 muestras positivas de ovinos a la detección de NS1; estas muestras se secuenciaron obteniendo un fragmento de 101 pares de bases. Al realizar el alineamiento se obtuvieron identidades con secuencias reportadas en el GenBank con fragmentos de NS1 desde 89 % (p= 1e-12) a 98 % (p= 4e-13), correspondientes a los serotipos 10, 11 y 12.  De estas muestras, se obtuvieron dos muestras positivas de ovinos mediante el PCR tiempo real (PCR-tr), uno proveniente de Chiapas (raza Chiapas) y el otro de Tamaulipas (raza Suffolk). Los resultados de la PCRtr fueron corroborados por la CPA-SENASICA. Este trabajo, aporta por primera vez en México, la importancia de usar un gen sintético como control positivo, para realizar la detección en laboratorios oficiales BSL-2, lo cual en una emergencia sanitaria es de suma importancia

ESTADO NUTRICIONAL Y PARASITOSIS POR ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS EN NIÑOS MENORES DE 5 AÑOS

La investigación busco evaluar el estado nutricional y parasitosis por Enterobius vermicularis en niños menores de 5 años. En el método se tuvo la participación de 131 niños de 2 a 5 años (67 varones y 64 mujeres) del Centro Educativo Inicial Parroquial “Jesús Divino Maestro”- Manzanares, evaluándose medidas antropométricas (Talla, Peso), diagnostico parasitológico (método Graham), consumo de productos con mayor frecuencia en su alimentación y un diagnostico socio económico, encontrándose un 3,1% con obesidad 6,1% con sobrepeso, 81% normal y 9,8% con desnutrición asimismo presentaron parasitosis por Enterobius vermicularis un 35%, llegando a la conclusión que los niños con desnutrición presentaron un 13,7% de parasitosis por Enterobirus vermicularis y los niños en estado normal 21,3%.Palabras clave: Estado nutricional; Enterobius vermiculari

Advances in the Characterization of Creole Cattle from Nayarit, Chihuahua, and Baja California Sur.

Objective. This manuscript aims to contribute to disseminating the research conducted on creole cattle from Nayarit, Chihuahua, and Baja California, as these regions have been the focus of numerous studies. These studies include identifying the areas of opportunity that need to be addressed for the conservation of this zoogenetic resource present in Mexico. Description. Cattle farming in Mexico began with the arrival of the first bovines from the Iberian Peninsula to New Spain over 500 years ago. These cattle established itself in various regions of the country, developing specific characteristics that have allowed it to adapt primarily to harsh environmental conditions. As a result, these bovines are considered a productive alternative in various agroecological environments to address the challenges of climate change and mitigate the negative effects on the ecosystem. Limitations. To date, research on the morphological, productive, and genetic characterization, as well as the production environment of Creole cattle in Mexico, remains limited. Therefore, it is necessary to develop studies in this area to contribute to the conservation of this resource and, above all, to identify mechanisms for its rational use that justify its existence in a modern economic and productive environment. Conclusions. The documentary review conducted to present the current state of research on creole cattle herds in Nayarit, Chihuahua, and Baja California Sur revealed that the studies have primarily focused on productive aspects in various environments. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage research directed towards other productive areas of cattle, such as reproduction, animal health, and adaptation, in order to develop strategies that contribute to the conservation of this zoogenetic resource

Expresión de la proteína G del virus de la rabia en zanahoria y maíz y su evaluación como inmunógeno oral /

\ua0tesis que para obtener el grado de Doctor en Ciencias de la Producción y de la Salud Animal, presenta Edith Rojas Anaya ; asesor Elizabeth Loza Rubio. 127, [9] páginas :\ua0ilustraciones. Doctorado en Ciencias de la Producción y de la Salud Animal\ua0UNAM, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia,\ua0200

Vaccine production in plant systems — An aid to the control of viral diseases in domestic animals. A review

Plants have been identified as promising expression systems for the commercial production of vaccines because of the possibility of introducing exogenous genes into them, which permits the development of a new generation of biological products called edible vaccines. The advantages of oral vaccines of this new type are that they induce mucosal, humoral, cellular and protective immunity, they are cheaper, easier to store, distribute and administer, they do not require cold chain management, and some species can be stored for long periods of time without any spoilage and may be administered as purified proteins. Owing to these benefits, plant-produced vaccines represent a valuable option for animal health. The aim of this paper is to present a review of plant-produced vaccines against viruses affecting domestic animals. Some aspects of the feasibility of their use and the immune response elicited by such vaccines are also discussed, as the balance between tolerance and immunogenicity is a major concern for the use of plant-based vaccines

Study of the Genetic Expression of Antiretroviral Restriction Factors and Acute Phase Proteins in Cattle Infected with Bovine Leukemia Virus

The goal of this study was to analyze the genetic expression of antiretroviral restriction factors (ARF) and acute phase proteins (APP), as well as their correlation with proviral and viral loads in cattle with aleukemic (AL) and persistent lymphocytosis (PL). Complete blood samples were collected from a herd of dairy cows, and we extracted genetic material from peripheral blood leukocytes. Absolute quantification of the expression of ARF (APOBEC-Z1, Z2, and Z3; HEXIM-1, HEXIM-2, and BST2) and APP (haptoglobin (HP), and serum amyloid A (SAA)) was performed by qPCR. Statistical significance was observed in the expression of APOBEC-Z3 in BLV-infected animals. We only found positive correlations with a strong expression of the ARF genes in the AL group. The participation of APOBEC (Z1 and Z3), HEXIM-1, and HEXIM-2 was more frequently identified in BLV-infected animals. HEXIM-2 showed active gene expression in the AL group. Although the expression of ARF in early stages of infection (AL) maintains an important participation, in late stages (PL) it seems to have little relevance

ENFOQUES GENÓMICOS Y TRANSCRIPTÓMICOS PARA ESTUDIAR ÁRBOLES MADERABLES: PERSPECTIVAS PARA EL ESTUDIO DE CEDRO ROJO (Cedrela odorata L.)

Introducción: El enfoque genómico y transcriptómico de alto rendimiento se ha desarrollado e implementado para tratar los principales desafíos que el sector forestal maderable afronta como, el crecimiento poblacional, cambio climático, deforestación y la pérdida de los servicios ecosistémicos forestales. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión bibliográfica enfocada en los genomas y transcriptomas de árboles maderables reportados en las bases de datos, con especial atención en el cedro rojo (Cedrela odorata L.), debido a la importancia como madera preciosa en México. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión de literatura, dirigida en el estudio de los árboles maderables con estrategias genómica y transcriptómica, en diferentes bases de datos como Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, MDPI y Scielo para identificar las especies maderables que cuentan con genomas y transcriptomas reportados. La estructura de la revisión fue: la genómica de árboles maderables, la transcriptómica de la madera, las especies potenciales de estudio por su importancia y finalmente, las bases de datos para consulta. Posteriormente se realizó un estudio bibliométrico con la librería de bibliometrix en R Studio. Resultados principales: El primer genoma forestal en ser ensamblado a nivel de cromosoma fue el álamo negro. Entre los árboles maderables, están reportados los genomas de álamo negro, álamo del desierto, eucalipto y roble con una longitud de 392, 496, 691 y 789 Mb. Con el estudio del transcriptoma, ha sido posible identificar genes relacionados con la formación de la madera en un álamo híbrido (Populus alba L. × P. glandulosa) y P. tremula L. y con la tolerancia a la sequía en Pinus massoniana y Pinus pinaster Aiton. En cedro rojo (Cedrela odorata L.), se obtuvo el transcriptoma con la secuenciación de una sola hoja, identificando 52,181 modelos de genes. En las bases de datos NCBI, EMBL-EBI, TreeGenes, PLAZA y el sitio web de la genómica de la madera dura es posible encontrar información relacionada con la genómica y transcriptómica de las especies maderables. Implicaciones: Se requieren más investigaciones en el área de las ómicas en maderables, particularmente en cedro rojo, ya que la búsqueda en estos temas arrojó poca información Conclusión: A través de la revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos, se identificaron los árboles maderables que cuentan con genoma y transcriptoma descritos. Dicha información puede ser utilizada para el ensamble y anotación de nuevos genomas, identificación de genes y marcadores moleculares, entre otras aplicaciones

Detection of rabies virus in organs unrelated to the central nervous system of experimentally-inoculated vampire bats

The aim of this research was to detect rabies virus in peripheral tissues in captive vampires. Vampire bats were inoculated with 106 MICLD50 of homologous rabies virus. Bats displayed clinical signs of rabies beginning on d 8 until the 19th d post-inoculation (pi). Rabies virus antigens were found in the brain of all rabid bats. Viral RNA was detected in brain, salivary gland and tongue tissue by RT-PCR and nested PCR (nPCR). Viral genome was also detected in organs unrelated to the central nervous system. Rabies virus was not detected in saliva nor documented from any tissues without occurrence of viral antigens in the brain. Host humoral response was most pronounced via the induction of viral neutralizing antibodies (VNA) from d 8 to 20 pi, having a peak at d 14 with 0.9 IU. Antibody levels were variable, but tended to remain high after inoculation, showing significant differences to the negative control group (P=0.001). This research is one of the few recent studies focused upon Desmodus rotundus and contributes to the basic knowledge of rabies virus pathogenesis, which is required for an understanding of perpetuation in a major viral reservoir in Latin America