An investigation of the high speed turbulent boundary layer with heat transfer and arbitrary pressure gradient. Part 1 - Summary report

Behavior of high speed turbulent boundary layer with heat transfer and streamwise pressure gradien

An investigation of the high speed turbulent boundary layer with heat transfer and arbitrary pressure gradient. Part 2 - The compressibility transformation - General considerations

Compressibility transformation properties and high speed turbulent boundary layer flow with mass transfer and arbitrary pressure gradien

Age is Not Just a Number: Perceptions of Pedagogical Content Knowledge, Transformational Teaching, Student-Professor Engagement in Learning, and Deep Learning in the Graduate Classroom

Graduate students in higher education need pedagogical strategies that prepare them with knowledge and critical thinking for their careers. Research conducted in this area concluded that teaching students how to integrate knowledge into the real-world continues to be a challenge for educators across various disciplines in higher education. While scholars have studied effective teaching practices for decades, a broad definition has not been determined. Graduate students’ perceptions of professor pedagogical content knowledge, transformational teaching, student deep learning, and age were compared to determine the behaviors that influence deep learning in business and education programs in the United States and internationally. A survey was administered to 137 students. Findings show that non-traditional learners did not feel as strongly about individualized consideration as traditional learners. The findings suggest that graduate students perceive humor, learning struggles, and relatable content differently

Characterization of the space shuttle reaction control system engine

A computer program was developed and written in FORTRAN 5 which predicts the transient and steady state performance and heat transfer characteristics of a pulsing GO2/GH2 rocket engine. This program predicts the dynamic flow and ignition characteristics which, when combined in a quasi-steady state manner with the combustion and mixing analysis program, will provide the thrust and specific impulse of the engine as a function of time. The program also predicts the transient and steady state heat transfer characteristics of the engine using various cooling concepts. The computer program, test case, and documentation are presented. The program is applicable to any system capable of utilizing the FORTRAN 4 or FORTRAN 5 language

Barriers and facilitators to implementing a healthier food outlet initiative: perspectives from local governments

Objective: Local governments have integral roles in contributing to public health. One recent focus has been on how local governments can impact community nutrition by engaging food service outlets to improve their food offer. The Healthier Catering Commitment (HCC) is an initiative where London local governments support takeaways and restaurants to meet centrally-defined nutrition criteria on their food options. Using the case of HCC, this study aims to provide 1)practical learnings of how local governments could facilitate and overcome barriers associated with implementing healthy food service initiatives in general, and 2)specific recommendations for enhancements for HCC. Design: Key informant, semi-structured interviews were conducted with local government staff involved in HCC, exploring barriers and facilitators to HCC implementation in food businesses. A thematic analysis approach was used, with results presented according to a logic pathway of ideal implementation in order to provide practical, focused insights. Setting: Local governments implementing HCC. Participants: Twenty-two individuals supporting HCC implementation. Results: Facilitators to implementation included flexible approaches, shared resourcing, and strategically engaging businesses with practical demonstrations. Barriers were limited resources, businesses fearing negative customer responses, and low uptake in disadvantaged areas. Key suggestions to enhance implementation and impact included offering additional incentives, increasing HCC awareness, and encouraging recruited businesses to make healthy changes beyond initiative requirements. Conclusions: In order to facilitate the implementation of healthy food initiatives in food outlets, local governments would benefit from involving their environmental health team, employing community-tailored approaches, and focusing on supporting businesses in disadvantaged areas

Observation of Mammalian Similarity Through Allometric Scaling Laws

We discuss the problem of observation of natural similarity in skeletal evolution of terrestrial mammals. Analysis is given by means of testing of the power scaling laws established in long bone allometry, which describe development of bones (of length $L$ and diameter $D$) with body mass in terms of the growth exponents, \QTR{it}{e.g.} $\lambda =d\log L/d\log D$. The bone-size evolution scenario given three decades ago by McMahon was quiet explicit on the geometrical-shape and mechanical-force constraints that predicted $\lambda =2/3$. This remains too far from the mammalian allometric exponent $\lambda ^{(\exp)}=0.80\pm 0.2$, recently revised by Christiansen, that is a chief puzzle in long bone allometry. We give therefore new insights into McMahon's constraints and report on the first observation of the critical-elastic-force, bending-deformation, muscle-induced mechanism that underlies the allometric law with estimated $\lambda =0.80\pm 0.3$. This mechanism governs the bone-size evolution with avoiding skeletal fracture caused by muscle-induced peak stresses and is expected to be unique for small and large mammals.Comment: Keywords: allometric scaling, long bones, muscles, mammals 21 pages, 1 Table, 2 Figure