La Responsabilidad Social desde una Perspectiva Crítica e Interdisciplinaria

Libro con capítulos de divulgación.  En nueve capítulos se presentan los resultados de distintas investigaciones que relacionan comunicación, publicidad y responsabilidad social, en tiempos de cambios significativos y constantes en todos los niveles de la sociedad y, en buena medida, relacionados con el cuidado del planeta

Genetically-Engineered Pig-to-Baboon Liver Xenotransplantation: Histopathology of Xenografts and Native Organs

Orthotopic liver transplantation was carried out in baboons using wild-type (WT, n = 1) or genetically-engineered pigs (α1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout, GTKO), n = 1; GTKO pigs transgenic for human CD46, n = 7) and a clinically-acceptable immunosuppressive regimen. Biopsies were obtained from the WT pig liver pre-Tx and at 30 min, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 h post-transplantation. Biopsies of genetically-engineered livers were obtained pre-Tx, 2 h after reperfusion and at necropsy (4–7 days after transplantation). Tissues were examined by light, confocal, and electron microscopy. All major native organs were also examined. The WT pig liver underwent hyperacute rejection. After genetically-engineered pig liver transplantation, hyperacute rejection did not occur. Survival was limited to 4–7 days due to repeated spontaneous bleeding in the liver and native organs (as a result of profound thrombocytopenia) which necessitated euthanasia. At 2 h, graft histology was largely normal. At necropsy, genetically-engineered pig livers showed hemorrhagic necrosis, platelet aggregation, platelet-fibrin thrombi, monocyte/macrophage margination mainly in liver sinusoids, and vascular endothelial cell hypertrophy, confirmed by confocal and electron microscopy. Immunohistochemistry showed minimal deposition of IgM, and almost absence of IgG, C3, C4d, C5b-9, and of a cellular infiltrate, suggesting that neither antibody- nor cell-mediated rejection played a major role

Complicaciones en accesos vasculares femorales durante el implante de dispositivos de alto perfil (TAVR, EVAR, TEVAR, FEVAR)

Complicaciones en accesos vasculares femorales durante el implante de dispositivos de alto perfil TAVR, EVAR, TEVAR, FEVA

Rituximab for Remission Induction and Maintenance in Refractory Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease with high morbidity if untreated. Sometimes, despite aggressive treatments, the disease remains active with cumulative organic damage. We conducted a retrospective and descriptive observational study of patients with SLE refractory to conventional treatment who were treated with rituximab (RTX) as remission induction therapy and maintenance. There was a significant reduction in the conventional immunosuppressive drug dose and the number of relapses of disease. RTX appeared to be effective and safe for the induction and maintenance of remission in patient with SLE refractory to conventional treatment

Primer trasplante de islotes realizado en Colombia, experiencia fundación Valle del Lili

Introducción De acuerdo con las estadísticas suministradas en el 2014 por la Federación Internacional de Diabetes, la prevalencia de pacientes con diabetes está en aumento a nivel mundial, actualmente alrededor de 382 millones de personas sufren de esta patología. En relación con la diabetes tipo 1 se estima que corresponde al 5% de todos los casos diagnosticados de diabetes en adultos. Para el caso de Colombia, la incidencia de diabetes tipo 1 es de 3-4 por 100.000 niños menores de 15 años y la prevalencia se estima en 0,07%. Para el municipio de Santiago de Cali, según datos de la oficina de estadística de la Secretaría de Salud Pública, la diabetes (tipo 1 y 2) se encuentra entre las diez primeras causas de muerte en la ciudad, ocupando el octavo lugar en el grupo de hombres y el séptimo entre las mujeres. Cabe resaltar que la prevalencia de diabetes para Cali es del 6,76%, seguida del 5,4% para el departamento del Valle del Cauca, cifra mucho más alta cuando se compara con la prevalencia nacional que es de 2%. Específicamente, cuando nos referimos a la diabetes tipo 1, es una patología autoinmune crónica, que se presenta con una predisposición genética específica y en un 0,4% aparece sin antecedentes familiares. Su presentación se hace de forma inesperada, a causa de la destrucción rápidamente progresiva de las células beta pancreáticas, por esta razón requiere la suplencia total de insulina exógena de forma crónica. Lo anterior ocasiona que la enfermedad esté ligada a una carga económica alta para los pacientes, sus familias y el sistema de salud. A nivel global se estima que más del 10% de la inversión en salud se destina a gastos relacionados directamente con diabetes. En cuanto al tratamiento médico de la diabetes tipo 1, la recomendación actual está basada en la terapia intensiva con insulina exógena, sin embargo, este tratamiento se caracteriza por ser de difícil adherencia, costoso, y por conllevar a un incremento considerable de los eventos de hipoglicemia severa. Estos eventos aumentan en alto grado el riesgo de sufrir deterioro cardiovascular y cognitivo. Por lo tanto, existe una gran necesidad de encontrar mejores alternativas de tratamiento para estos pacientes, que impliquen menores riesgos biológicos y ofrezcan mejor calidad de vida

Complete revascularization with multivessel PCI for myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND In patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the culprit lesion reduces the risk of cardiovascular death or myocardial infarction. Whether PCI of nonculprit lesions further reduces the risk of such events is unclear. METHODS We randomly assigned patients with STEMI and multivessel coronary artery disease who had undergone successful culprit-lesion PCI to a strategy of either complete revascularization with PCI of angiographically significant nonculprit lesions or no further revascularization. Randomization was stratified according to the intended timing of nonculprit-lesion PCI (either during or after the index hospitalization). The first coprimary outcome was the composite of cardiovascular death or myocardial infarction; the second coprimary outcome was the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or ischemia-driven revascularization. RESULTS At a median follow-up of 3 years, the first coprimary outcome had occurred in 158 of the 2016 patients (7.8%) in the complete-revascularization group as compared with 213 of the 2025 patients (10.5%) in the culprit-lesion-only PCI group (hazard ratio, 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60 to 0.91; P=0.004). The second coprimary outcome had occurred in 179 patients (8.9%) in the complete-revascularization group as compared with 339 patients (16.7%) in the culprit-lesion-only PCI group (hazard ratio, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.61; P<0.001). For both coprimary outcomes, the benefit of complete revascularization was consistently observed regardless of the intended timing of nonculprit-lesion PCI (P=0.62 and P=0.27 for interaction for the first and second coprimary outcomes, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with STEMI and multivessel coronary artery disease, complete revascularization was superior to culprit-lesion-only PCI in reducing the risk of cardiovascular death or myocardial infarction, as well as the risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or ischemia-driven revascularization. (Funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and others; COMPLETE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01740479. opens in new tab.

Influenza Vaccination for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in the Americas: Consensus document of the Inter-American Society of Cardiology and the Word Heart Federation

Background Cardiovascular mortality is decreasing but remains the leading cause of death world-wide. Respiratory infections such as influenza significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease. Despite of proven benefits, influenza vaccination is not fully implemented, especially in Latin America. Objective The aim was to develop a regional consensus with recommendations regarding influenza vaccination and cardiovascular disease. Methods A multidisciplinary team composed by experts in the management and prevention of cardiovascular disease from the Americas, convened by the Inter-American Society of Cardiology (IASC) and the World Heart Federation (WHF), participated in the process and the formulation of statements. The modified RAND/UCLA methodology was used. This document was supported by a grant from the WHF. Results An extensive literature search was divided into seven questions, and a total of 23 conclusions and 29 recommendations were achieved. There was no disagreement among experts in the conclusions or recommendations. Conclusions There is a strong correlation between influenza and cardiovascular events. Influenza vaccination is not only safe and a proven strategy to reduce cardiovascular events, but it is also cost saving. We found several barriers for its global implementation and potential strategies to overcome them

La Responsabilidad Social desde una Perspectiva Crítica e Interdisciplinaria

En nueve capítulos se presentan los resultados de distintas investigaciones que relacionan comunicación, publicidad y responsabilidad social, en tiempos de cambios significativos y constantes en todos los niveles de la sociedad y, en buena medida, relacionados con el cuidado del planeta. Consulta aquí

Ciberjornalismo. Análise das seções de educação em dois jornais colombianos

This paper analyzed the findings of a descriptive research about the online contents of the education section issued by El Mundo and El Colombiano newspapers. The methodology considered qualitative aspects specific to text elaboration, such as cited sources, informative nature, rigorous coverage of the topics, and pedagogical approach as well. Quantitative aspects such as: article extension, location in the journalistic portal, the existence of related resources, images, videos, interactive tools, number of sources quoted and highlighted words in the headlines were also verified. It is found that both media do not have their own agenda on the subject, they lack critical perspective on them. Information on education is expected to correspond to a research process, information pluralism, and rigorous verification of information.En el artículo se presentan los resultados de la investigación que tuvo como propósito analizar los contenidos de las secciones de educación online de los periódicos El Mundo y El Colombiano. Entre las categorías de análisis se consideraron elementos propios de la elaboración de un texto, como el tipo de fuentes citadas, el carácter informativo, la rigurosidad en el cubrimiento del tema, así como el enfoque pedagógico. También se verificaron aspectos cuantitativos tales como: extensión del artículo, ubicación en el portal periodístico, la existencia de recursos relacionados, imágenes, videos, herramientas interactivas, número de fuentes citadas y las palabras destacadas en los titulares. Se constata que en ambos medios es necesario fortalecer una agenda propia sobre el tema educativo, principalmente desde la promoción de una perspectiva crítica sobre este campo, con el fin de lograr que la información sobre educación corresponda a un proceso riguroso de investigación, pluralismo informativo y a una verificación de la información.No artigo aparecem os resultados da investigação que teve como propósito analizar os conteúdos das seções de educação on-line publicados nos jornais El Mundo e El Colombiano. Entre as categorias de análise se consideraram os elementos propios da elaboração de um texto, como o tipo de fontes mencionadas, o caráter informativo, o rigor no cubrimiento do tópico, como também o foco pedagógico. Também foram verificados aspectos quantitativos, tais como: extensão do artigo, local no portal jornalístico, a existência de recursos relacionados, imagens, vídeos, ferramentas interativas, número de fontes mencionadas e as palavras importantes nas manchetes. Se constata que em ambos meios é necessário fornecer uma agenda pessoal sobre o tópico educativo, principalmente desde a promoção de uma perspectiva crítica neste campo, com o propósito de alcançar que a informação sobre educação corresponda a um processo rigoroso de investigação, para o pluralismo informativo e uma verificação da informação