1,060 research outputs found
The Moroccan Women\u27s Rights Movement
Among various important efforts to address womenâs issues in Morocco, a particular set of individuals and associations have formed around two specific goals: reforming the Moroccan Family Code and raising awareness of womenâs rights. Evrard chronicles the history of the womenâs rights movement, exploring the organizational structure, activities, and motivations with specific attention to questions of legal reform and family law. Employing ethnographic scrutiny, Evrard presents the stories of the individual women behind the movement and the challenges they faced. Given the vast reform of the Moroccan Family Code in 2004, and the emphasis on the role of women across the Middle East and North Africa today, this book makes a timely argument for the analysis of womenâs rights as both global and local in origin, evolution, and application. [From the publisher]https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/books/1055/thumbnail.jp
What All Americans Should Know about Women in the Muslim World: An Introduction
This brief introduction to the âWhat All Americans Should Know About Women in the Muslim Worldâ series provides information about women in the Muslim world, why they are important for Americans to understand, some challenges that arise in the study of Muslim women, and what these particular papers bring to bear on the topic
Early Fieldwork at the Beijing Farmersâ Market
Now that Iâve passed tenure review, published a book, cemented my teaching skills, and learned how to be a productive member of a college committee, I feel confident, self-assured, and filled with certainty about every aspect of my career as a professor. The same certainty extends to research and fieldwork. From choosing a topic to developing research questions to getting a good start in the fieldâitâs all a piece of cake.
Ha! I wish I felt this confidence. The truth is that passing the tenure phase two years ago, as wonderful as it was, opened up a whole new set of questions: Who am I as a scholar? What truly interests me now? What kinds of fieldwork am I able and willing to pursue at this point in my life? (excerpt
Intact Semantic Priming of Critical Lures in Alzheimer's Disease: Implications for False Memory
OBJECTIVES: The present study examines the question of the activation of the critical lure (CL) in Alzheimer\u27s patients with a Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM)-like task. More precisely, older adults and Alzheimer\u27s patients performed a lexical decision task in which they were asked to categorize strings of letters as words or nonwords. Contrary to the DRM paradigm in which the activation of the CL is inferred from its production at recall, such a lexical decision task does not require the joint use of intentional recovery strategies and source-monitoring processes that are known to be particularly impaired in Alzheimer\u27s patients. The performance at the lexical decision therefore reflects the activation of the CL without contamination from such strategic processes. METHOD: Twenty-nine older adults and 25 Alzheimer\u27s patients performed a lexical decision task with DRM lists intermixed with neutral words and nonwords. RESULTS: Analysis indicated that older adults as well as Alzheimer\u27s patients showed shorter lexical decision latencies for CLs than for other types of words. DISCUSSION: Contrary to the existing literature, our results suggest that the activation of the CL is preserved in Alzheimer\u27s patients at mild to moderate stages of the disease
Clustering of dark matter halos on the light-cone: scale-, time- and mass-dependence of the halo biasing in the Hubble volume simulations
We develop a phenomenological model to predict the clustering of dark matter
halos on the light-cone by combining several existing theoretical models.
Assuming that the velocity field of halos on large scales is approximated by
linear theory, we propose an empirical prescription of a scale-, mass-, and
time-dependence of halo biasing. We test our model against the Hubble Volume
-body simulation and examine its validity and limitations. We find a good
agreement in two-point correlation functions of dark matter halos between the
phenomenological model predictions and measurements from the simulation for
Mpc both in the real and redshift spaces. Although calibrated on the
mass scale of groups and clusters and for redshifts up to , the model
is quite general and can be applied to a wider range of astrophysical objects,
such as galaxies and quasars, if the relation between dark halos and visible
objects is specified.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, ApJL accepted. New references adde
Deprojection of galaxy cluster X-ray, Sunyaev-Zeldovich temperature decrement, and weak-lensing mass maps
A general method of deprojecting two-dimensional images to reconstruct the three-dimensional structure of the projected object (specifically, X-ray, Sunyaev-Zeldovich [SZ], and gravitational lensing maps of rich clusters of galaxies), assuming axial symmetry, is considered. Here we test the applicability of the method for realistic, numerically simulated galaxy clusters, viewed from three orthogonal projections at four redshift outputs. We demonstrate that the assumption of axial symmetry is a good approximation for the three-dimensional structure in this ensemble of galaxy clusters. Applying the method, we demonstrate that a unique determination of the cluster inclination angle is possible from comparison between the SZ and X-ray images and, independently, between SZ and surface density maps. Moreover, the results from these comparisons are found to be consistent with each other and with the full three-dimensional structure inclination angle determination. The radial dark matter and gas density profiles as calculated from the actual and reconstructed three-dimensional distributions show a very good agreement. The method is also shown to provide a direct determination of the baryon fraction in clusters, independent of the cluster inclination angle.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/60622/1/Zaroubi2000Deprojection.pd
Remanufacturing de piÚce par procédé additif et soustractif : Proposition méthodologique et cas d'études sur des potences de vélo
National audienceCe travail vise à développer une méthodologie permettant de contribuer à fermer la boucle de l'économie circulaire en reconfigurant des piÚces mécaniques à l'aide d'outils de fabrication additive et soustractive. La reconfiguration des piÚces se définit ici comme un processus par lequel des piÚces en fin de vie sont modifiées pour rendre possible leur retour dans un état neuf prolongeant leur durée de vie, ces piÚces sont ici utilisées dans une application similaire à leur utilisation premiÚre. Cette stratégie s'appuie sur les possibilités offertes par le remanufacturing et son utilisation comme un outil pour participer à la soutenabilité des systÚmes de production
XMM-Newton study of the lensing cluster of galaxies CL0024+17
We present a detailed gravitational mass measurement based on the XMM-Newton
imaging spectroscopy analysis of the lensing cluster of galaxies CL0024+17 at
z=0.395. The emission appears approximately symmetric. However, on the scale of
r~3.3' some indication of elongation is visible in the northwest-southeast
(NW-SE) direction from the hardness ratio map (HRM). Within 3', we measure a
global gas temperature of 3.52\pm0.17 keV, metallicity of 0.22\pm0.07, and
bolometric luminosity of 2.9\pm0.1 \times 10^{44} h^{-2}_{70} erg/s. We derive
a temperature distribution with an isothermal temperature of 3.9 keV to a
radius of 1.5' and a temperature gradient in the outskirts (1.3<r<3'). Under
the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium, we measure gravitational mass and
gas mass fraction to be M_{200}=2.0\pm0.3 \times 10^{14} h_{70}^{-1} M_{\odot}
and f_{\rm gas}=0.20\pm0.03 h^{-3/2}_{70} at r_{200}=1.05 h^{-1}_{70} Mpc using
the observed temperature profile. The complex structure in the core region is
the key to explaining the discrepancy in gravitational mass determined from
XMM-Newton X-ray observations and HST optical lensing measurements.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures, to appear in A&
Outer Regions of the Cluster Gaseous Atmospheres
We present a systematic study of the hot gas distribution in the outer
regions of regular clusters using ROSAT PSPC data. Outside the cooling flow
region, the beta-model describes the observed surface brightness closely, but
not precisely. Between 0.3 and 1 virial radii, the profiles are characterized
by a power law with slope, expressed in terms of the beta parameter, in the
range beta=0.65 to 0.85. The values of beta in this range of radii are
typically larger by ~0.05 than those derived from the global fit. There is a
mild trend for the slope to increase with temperature, from ~0.68 for 3
keV clusters to ~0.8 for 10 keV clusters; however, even at high temperatures
there are clusters with flat gas profiles, 0.7. Our values of beta at large
radius are systematically higher, and the trend of beta with temperature is
weaker than was previously found; the most likely explanation is that earlier
studies were affected by an incomplete exclusion of the central cooling flow
regions. For our regular clusters, the gas distribution at large radii is quite
close to spherically symmetric and this is shown not to be an artifact of the
sample selection. The gas density profiles are very similar when compared in
the units of cluster virial radius. The radius of fixed mean gas overdensity
1000 (corresponding to the dark matter overdensity 200 for Omega=0.2) shows a
tight correlation with temperature, R~T**0.5, as expected from the virial
theorem for clusters with the universal gas fraction. At a given temperature,
the rms scatter of the gas overdensity radius is only ~7% which translates into
a 20% scatter of the gas mass fraction, including statistical scatter due to
measurement uncertainties.Comment: ApJ in press, submitted 11/30/9
Suzaku measurement of Abell 2204's intracluster gas temperature profile out to 1800 kpc
Context: Measurements of intracluster gas temperatures out to large radii are
important for the use of clusters for precision cosmology and for studies of
cluster physics. Previous attempts to measure robust temperatures at cluster
virial radii failed. Aims: The goal of this work is to measure the temperature
profile of the very relaxed galaxy cluster Abell 2204 out to large radii,
possibly reaching the virial radius. Methods: Taking advantage of its low
particle background due to its low-Earth orbit, Suzaku data are used to measure
the outer temperature profile of Abell 2204. These data are combined with
Chandra and XMM-Newton data of the same cluster in order to make the connection
to the inner regions, unresolved by Suzaku, and to determine the smearing due
to Suzaku's PSF. Results: The temperature profile of Abell 2204 is determined
from 10 kpc to 1800 kpc, close to an estimate of r200 (the approximation to the
virial radius). The temperature rises steeply from below 4 keV in the very
center up to more than 8 keV in the intermediate range and then decreases again
to about 4 keV at the largest radii. Varying the measured particle background
normalization artificially by +-10 percent does not change the results
significantly. Predictions for outer temperature profiles based on hydrodynamic
simulations show good agreement. In particular, we find the observed
temperature profile to be slightly steeper but consistent with a drop of a
factor of 0.6 from 0.3 r200 to r200, as predicted by simulations. Conclusions:
Temperature measurements up to the virial radius seem feasible with Suzaku,
when a careful analysis of the different background components and the effects
of the PSF is performed. The result obtained here indicates that numerical
simulations capture the intracluster gas physics well in cluster outskirts.Comment: 7 pages; Astronomy and Astrophysics, accepted; additional systematic
effects have been quantified, results unchanged; also available at
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